- published: 05 Mar 2016
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In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from mathematics.
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices or nodes or points, together with a set of unordered pairs of these vertices for an undirected graph or a set of ordered pairs for a directed graph. These pairs are known as edges, arcs, or lines for an undirected graph and as arrows, directed edges, directed arcs, or directed lines for a directed graph. The vertices may be part of the graph structure, or may be external entities represented by integer indices or references.
A graph data structure may also associate to each edge some edge value, such as a symbolic label or a numeric attribute (cost, capacity, length, etc.).
The basic operations provided by a graph data structure G usually include:
adjacent
(G, x, y): tests whether there is an edge from the vertices x to y;neighbors
(G, x): lists all vertices y such that there is an edge from the vertices x to y;In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Data structures can implement one or more particular abstract data types (ADT), which are the means of specifying the contract of operations and their complexity. In comparison, a data structure is a concrete implementation of the contract provided by an ADT.
Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks. For example, relational databases most commonly use B-tree indexes for data retrieval, while compiler implementations usually use hash tables to look up identifiers.
Data structures provide a means to manage large amounts of data efficiently for uses such as large databases and internet indexing services. Usually, efficient data structures are key to designing efficient algorithms. Some formal design methods and programming languages emphasize data structures, rather than algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design. Storing and retrieving can be carried out on data stored in both main memory and in secondary memory.
Data (/ˈdeɪtə/ DAY-tə, /ˈdætə/ DA-tə, or /ˈdɑːtə/ DAH-tə) is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; restated, pieces of data are individual pieces of information. Data is measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, whereupon it can be visualized using graphs or images. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing.
Raw data, i.e. unprocessed data, is a collection of numbers, characters; data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the "processed data" from one stage may be considered the "raw data" of the next. Field data is raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data is data that is generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording.
The Latin word "data" is the plural of "datum", and still may be used as a plural noun in this sense. Nowadays, though, "data" is most commonly used in the singular, as a mass noun (like "information", "sand" or "rain").
Graph may refer to:
In information science:
In mathematics:
In computer science:
Other uses:
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Introduction to graph theory terminology. The pace is very fast, so this is geared for those who have had prior exposure to the content. Second installment of Data Structures in 5 Minutes. For clearer photos of the whiteboard: Graphs Photo 1: http://i1160.photobucket.com/albums/q499/dicksontsai/Public%20photos/Data%20Structures%20in%205%20Minutes/IMG_2591_zps8b37b878.jpg Graphs Photo 2: http://i1160.photobucket.com/albums/q499/dicksontsai/Public%20photos/Data%20Structures%20in%205%20Minutes/IMG_2592_zpsec253f75.jpg Several comments: * The top of the adjacency matrix got cut off, but it should be C D E F. * Pseudocode for DFS and BFS can be easily searched on the Internet. Choosing which vertex to explore first is arbitrary. The important distinction is searching deeply vs. searching one ...
This is the fourth in a series of videos about the graph data structure. This is an explanation of Dijkstra’s algorithm for finding the shortest path between one vertex in a graph and another. Indeed, this explains how Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm generates a set of information that includes the shortest paths from a starting vertex and every other vertex in the graph. It also mentions why Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm is an example of a greedy algorithm.
CS 61B: Data Structures - Fall 2006 Instructor Jonathan Shewchuk Fundamental dynamic data structures, including linear lists, queues, trees, and other linked structures; arrays strings, and hash tables. Storage management. Elementary principles of software engineering. Abstract data types. Algorithms for sorting and searching. Introduction to the Java programming language. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu
This is the first in a series of videos about the graph data structure. It mentions the applications of graphs, defines various terminology associated with graphs, and describes how a graph can be represented programmatically by means of adjacency lists or an adjacency matrix.
Graphs are collections of things and the relationships or connections between them. The data in a graph are called nodes or vertices. The connections between the nodes are called edges. 🐦 Beau Carnes on Twitter: https://twitter.com/carnesbeau ⭐JavaScript Tutorials Playlists⭐ ▶JavaScript Basics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbk2qRZtWSzCIN38JC_NdhW5 ▶Data Structures and Algorithms: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbkso-IbgiiP48n-O-JQA9PJ ▶Design Patterns: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbnZtkAI3BqcYxKnfWn_C704 ▶ES6: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbljtmmeS0c-CEl2LdE-eR_F ▶Clean Code: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbkK24EaPurzMq0-kw5U9pJh - We're busy people who learn to code, then practice by building p...
This video introduces graphs, used in computing to store and manipulate networks--of people, computers, cities, etc. The lesson goes over the different kinds of graphs--undirected, directed, and weighted variations of both--and shows how they can be stored in a program using a simple structure called the adjacency matrix. This video is part of a series on data structures and algorithms by Sesh Venugopal. http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~venugopa
First demonstration of an interactive 3D fly-over of a city. The data is a point-cloud originating from an Aerial LIDAR scan. This particular dataset is a part of the city of Middelburg, made available in the AHN2 test data set [2]. Colors are reconstructed from 2D Texture, so these are not the directly scanned colors. We generate a level-of-detail data structure in OpenSceneGraph to dynamically show different densities of points, and is loading over the network. With this ~20 Million point cloud, update rates are between 15~60 fps depending on how many points are visible in a certain view. We are optimizing the datastructure to balance frame rate with visual quality. 3D Navigation is done with a SpaceMouse device. Point Cloud visualizations have nice visual quality, especially under mo...
Screencast of Andromeda. Advanced tool for interactive browsing of video annotations Concept Cloud Shows the concepts with more instances in a cloud view Graph browsing Graph representation of semantic data structure Multiple automatic layout algorithm for spatial positioning and manual drag & drop Multimedia content access Thumbnails view of the intances of each concept Access to video metadata and playing from the annotation frame User generated content integration Access to social content related to ontology concepts. Images from Flickr, videos from YouTube and real time tweets from Twitter -- Marco Bertini, Andrea Ferracani, Nicola Martorana, Marco Meoni, Giuseppe Serra. MICC - Media Integration Communication Center - Firenze - Italia (Florence - Italy).
AvocacoDB is a young nosql open source database. The REST API for AvocadoDB is already available and stable and people are writing APIs using it. AvocadoDB offers more complex data structures like graphs and lists REST is not enough. We implemented a first version of a query language some time ago which is very similar to SQL and UNQL. Then we realized that this approach was not completely satisfying as some queries cannot expressed very well with it, especially multi-valued attributes/lists. UNQL addresses this partly, but does not go far enough. Another issue are graphs. AvocadoDB supports querying graphs, neither SQL nor UNQL offer any "natural" graph traversal facilities. In this talk, Jan Steemann, presents the concept for AvocadoDB's query language. Please leave your comments on a...
DATASET: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Ah0qwaznhrupdEpxdXBCSmZuUjA2TTJZRm1ORy0zcUE Graph Databases have long been the realm of highly technical IT development professionals. But those days are gone. In this non-technical seminar, hosted by one of Neo Technology's non-technical staff, we will explain just how easy it is for average business people to start using graph databases, and get value from it. The subject of this webinar will be tasty as well: Belgian Beers - and how we easily got this dataset into Neo4j. We will also explore what this Neo4j database delivers, and how even this simple graph oriented data structure immediately yielded value for a non-technical person. Check out an extensive blog post about it here: http://blog.neo4j.org/2013/01/fun-with-beer-and-graph...
You learned early on that one of the secrets to programming is using the right data structure. Learn the "secret" to the graph database, Neo4j. Learn when to use this tool for the job and when to stick to your relational database. See how different "Domain Specific Languages" help you approach your problems in different ways. Max De Marzi, is a seasoned web developer. He started building websites in 1996 and has worked with Ruby on Rails since 2006. The web forced Max to wear many hats and master a wide range of technologies. He can be a system admin, database developer, graphic designer, back-end engineer and data scientist in the course of one afternoon. Max is a graph database enthusiast. He built the Neography Ruby Gem, a rest api wrapper to the Neo4j Graph Database. He is addicted...
Within the past decade, the amount of DNA sequencing data generated from next-generation sequencing platforms has exploded. As a result, biology has been propelled as a field in need of better scaling algorithms and data structures to efficiently analyze data. Jason Pell will present features of khmer, a software package developed in the GED Lab at Michigan State University, to efficiently filter and analyze data generated by next-generation sequencing platforms. More specifically, he will present the use of the Bloom filter and Counting Bloom filter data structures for assembly graph traversal and k-mer counting, respectively. The khmer software package is written primarily in C++ and wrapped in Python. It is released under the BSD license and is available at http://www.github.com/ged-lab...
http://videohive.net/item/infographics-infocharts-package/3945627?sso?ref=creativestone92 INFOCHARTS Package (AE CS 5.0, Full HD) is an expression-based After Effects template that provides quick and flexible creative solutions for infographics. Combine easily several types of graphs (pie charts, line graph, bar graphs, concentric lines, worldmap with all countries, area graphs….). Add to the final composition one or several included widgets (markers, averages, loaders, panels…). Built to be intuitive and flexible, and no prior knowledge of AE expressions is necessary. Create simple and elegant infographics with InfoCharts Package from included Charts systems.Custom expressions were created to make entering data as easy as possible. All expressions have been universalized to work in any l...
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/slidarko/graph-windycitydb2010 A graph is a structure composed of a set of vertices (i.e. nodes, dots) connected to one another by a set of edges (i.e. links, lines). The concept of a graph has been around since the late 19th century, however, only in recent decades has there been a strong resurgence in the development of both graph theories and applications. In applied computing, since the late 1960s, the interlinked table structure of the relational database has been the predominant information storage and retrieval paradigm. With the growth of graph/network-based data and the need to efficiently process such data, new data management systems have been developed. In contrast to the index-intensive, set-theoretic operations of relational databases, graph...
The AutoPilot Visualizer is a software tool for exploring complex data structures used in the automation of maintenance and supervision of large-scale IT infrastructures. The environment is a visual front-end to the underlying AutoPilot system by Arago, a company that specialises in the automation of data environments using artificial intelligence techniques and graph-based algorithms. FELD was commissioned to develop a visualisation application which represents the data in a way that makes the system easier to navigate and more intuitive to understand – both for system specialists and for non-expert users. The environment is centered around the graph-browser where the main structure is clustered into several subgraphs, each representing a different part of the system. All events tha...
This is really cool! We can connect Mathematica to Houdini and use many of its powerful capabilities. In this example a scattering of points is created and then we find their nearest neighbours (VEX) and draw their connections (Python). I then send this as a graph structure to Mathematica and compute the clustering based on the topology of the network, the metric being the steps that connect one node to another. That together with the shortest path between two points is then send back to Houdini and displayed. The general procedure to send and get data from Houdini to Mathematica is as follows: -Prepare your data in Houdini by sending it through python and export in a suitable format. In this case a .tgf for the nodes and connections -Let the Python script call the external mathscript ...