Indictment

An indictment (/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ in-DYT-mənt), in the common law system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that do not use the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an offence that requires an indictment.

Historically, in most common law jurisdictions, an indictment was handed up by a grand jury, which returned a "true bill" if it found cause to make the charge, or "no bill" if it did not find cause.

India

The criminal law in India is derived from the colonial-era British system and is codified in the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). Criminal offenses are divided into two broad categories: cognisable offenses andnon-cognisable offenses. The police are empowered to start investigating a cognisable offense. The complaint is considered merely an accusation. However, in both cognisable and non-cognisable offenses, the trial starts only with the "Framing of Charges" similar to the concept of indictment. The trial court does not proceed with the trial if the evidence is insufficient to make out a charge.

Sabina Citron

Sabina Citron (born in 1928) is a Holocaust survivor. She is a founder and spokesman of the Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association, charged a Nazi propagandist with incitement to racial hatred against the Jewish people, and prevailed in a civil lawsuit for libel against Imre Finta. She is also the author of The Indictment.

Early life

Citron was born in Łódź, Poland. She performed forced labor in an ammunition factory during World War II. Later during the Holocaust, she was incarcerated in Auschwitz concentration camp, where her oldest brother died. Although the rest of Citron's close relatives managed to survive, almost all of her extended family were killed. She moved to Israel in 1948, later immigrated to Toronto, Canada, and now lives in Jerusalem, Israel.

Later life

Citron became a founder and spokesman of the Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association.

In 1983 Citron began a private prosecution under the Canadian Criminal Code against Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, a Holocaust denier and pamphleteer, charging him with spreading false news. The charges were based on two pamphlets he had published. Citron alleged that the publications were "likely to cause mischief to the public interest in social and racial tolerance." The case was taken over by the Crown Attorney's office, and Zündel was convicted and sentenced to 15 months in jail.

Grand jury

A grand jury is a legal body that is empowered to conduct official proceedings to investigate potential criminal conduct and to determine whether criminal charges should be brought. A grand jury may compel the production of documents and may compel the sworn testimony of witnesses to appear before it. A grand jury is separate from the courts, which do not preside over its functioning.

The United States and Liberia are the only countries that retain grand juries, although some other common law jurisdictions formerly employed them, and most other jurisdictions employ some other type of preliminary hearing. Grand juries perform both accusatory and investigatory functions. The investigatory functions of the grand jury include obtaining and reviewing documents and other evidence and hearing the sworn testimony of witnesses that appear before it. The grand jury's accusatory function is to determine whether or not there is probable cause to believe that one or more persons committed a certain offence within the venue of the district court.

Boosie Badazz

Torrence Hatch (born November 14, 1982), better known by his stage name Boosie Badazz, formerly Lil Boosie, is an American rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Hatch was bestowed the nickname Boosie by his family, and he was raised in Southside Baton Rouge. As Boosie, he has released Six or Seven regular studio albums while contributing to a number of mixtapes and compilations.

Hatch served time in the Louisiana State Penitentiary from 2009–14, having been sentenced to eight years after pleading guilty to drug charges. He was released early on March 5, 2014. On October 20, 2014, Lil' Boosie changed his name to "Boosie Badazz".

Music career

Early career

Lil' Boosie's cousin Young Bleed introduced Boosie to Baton Rouge rapper C-Loc in the late 1990s. He was mentored by Young Bleed and C-Loc and joined the group Concentration Camp, as the youngest member at the age 14 in 1996. The group consists of Young Bleed, C-Loc, Happy Perez, Boo, Max Minelli, J-Von, Lee Tyme and Lucky Knuckles. He eventually debuted on C-Loc’s fifth album, ‘It’s A Gamble’ in 2000 under his old alias Boosie and Concentration Camp third studio album Camp III : Thug Brothas in 2000. The departure of Young Bleed from the Camp helped put Lil Boosie in a prime position amongst the group. Alongside C-Loc and Max Minelli, he served as one of the “faces” of the Camp. At 17 years of age, he recorded his debut album, the aptly-titled Youngest of da Camp, (Camp Life Entertainment, 2000). The album production was mostly handled by Happy Perez, and featured C-Loc, Max Minelli and Donkey.