- published: 02 Oct 2015
- views: 120
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Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, with stops in Lyman, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne and Rock Springs on the return trip. Rather than just include the audio, slides were added to convert to a slideshow video -- more options with a video presentation than strictly audio, though the images don't match the subject matter; they're from a few years down the road -- 1923 and 1931, respectively.
- published: 12 Dec 2015
- views: 18
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Produced and directed by Lucy Ostrander. The excerpt is part of an award-winning documentary film biography of Anna Louise Strong, Seattle's most famous radical.
The General Strike began February 6 and ended February 11, 1919. It was called to support the shipyard workers demands for higher wages after a World War I ended.
The shipyard workers were represented by different crafts that composed a "Metal Trades Council" that had been on strike since January 21, 1919.
The Seattle Central Labor Council called the General Strike in support of the Metal Trades unions. The strike ultimately failed and many labor leaders were jailed and the only labor newspaper in Seattle was shut down.
- published: 17 Apr 2008
- views: 13130
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna (Greek: Ζώνη Σμύρνης) during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence resulted in decreased international support for the occupation and a rise of Turkish nationalism. The High Commissioner of Smyrna, Aristidis Stergiadis, took a firm stance against discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration; however, ethnic tensions and discrimination remained. Stergiadis also began work on projects involving resettlement of Greek refugees, the foundations for a University, and some public health projects. Smyrna was a major base of operations for Greek troops in Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). The Greek occupation of Smyrna ended on 9 September 1922 as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk entered the city. After the Turkish advance on Smyrna, a mob hanged the Orthodox bishop Chrysostomos of Smyrna and a few days later the Great Fire of Smyrna burnt large parts of the city (including most of the Greek and Armenian areas). With the end of the occupation of Smyrna, major combat in Anatolia between Greek and Turkish forces largely ended and on 24 July 1923, the parties signed the Treaty of Lausanne ending the war.
At the end of World War I (1914--1918), attention of the Allied Powers (Entente Powers) focused on the partition of the territory of the Ottoman Empire. As part of the Treaty of London (1915), by which Italy left the Triple Alliance (with Germany and Austria-Hungary) and joined France, Great Britain and Russia in the Triple Entente, Italy was promised the Dodecanese and, if the partition of the Ottoman Empire were to occur, land in Anatolia including Antalya and surrounding provinces presumably including Smyrna. But in later 1915, as an inducement to enter the war, British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey in private discussion with Eleftherios Venizelos, the Greek Prime Minister at the time, promised large parts of the Anatolian coast to Greece, including Smyrna. Venizelos resigned from his position shortly after this communication, but when he had formally returned to power in June 1917, Greece entered the war on the side of the Entente.
On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Entente powers and the Ottoman Empire ending the Ottoman front of World War I. Great Britain, Greece, Italy, France, and the United States began discussing what the treaty provisions regarding the partition of Ottoman territory would be, negotiations which resulted in the Treaty of Sevres. These negotiations began in February 1919 and each country had distinct negotiating preferences about Smyrna. The French, who had large investments in the region, took a position for territorial integrity of a Turkish state that would include the zone of Smyrna. The British were at a loggerhead over the issue with the War Office and India Office promoting the territorial integrity idea and Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by George Curzon, opposed this suggestion and wanting Smyrna to be under separate administration. The Italian position was that Smyrna was rightfully their possession and so the diplomats would refuse to make any comments when Greek control over the area was discussed. The Greek government, pursuing Venizelos' support for the Megali Idea (to bring areas with a majority Greek population or with historical or religious ties to Greece under control of the Greek state) and supported by Lloyd George, began a large propaganda effort to promote their claim to Smyrna including establishing a mission under the foreign minister in the city. Moreover, the Greek claim over the Smyrna area (which appeared to have a clear Greek majority, although exact percentages varied depending on the source) were supported by Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which emphasized the right to autonomous development for minorities in Anatolia. In negotiations, despite French and Italian objections, by the middle of February 1919 Lloyd George shifted the discussion to how Greek administration would work and not whether Greek administration would happen. To further this aim, he brought in a set of experts, including Arnold J. Toynbee to discuss how the zone of Smyrna would operate and what its impacts would be on the population. Following this discussion, in late February 1919, Venezilos appointed Aristidis Stergiadis, a close political ally, the High Commissioner of Smyrna (appointed over political riser Themistoklis Sofoulis).
- published: 17 Jan 2014
- views: 3889
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon.
SMASH configurations incorporate advanced features as remote operation, built-in electro-optic sensor system for autonomous operation, day and night operation, stabilized turret, automatic target tracking (detect, track and fire on the move) and ballistic computation.
SMASH System has a stabilized turret which enables the line-of-sight of the gun to be aimed at the target at all times. Due to the stabilization feature, the system can perform precise firings against stationary or moving targets while the platform is on-the-move.
System can be operated remotely by using the remote gun control unit and hence provides gunner protection against counter fire. Besides, SMASH System is capable of firing 200 rounds per minute with its dual feed 30mm automatic cannon.
As opposed to fixed sight systems used on 12.7mm STAMP and 25mm STOP systems, SMASH incorporates a seperately stabilized electroptical suit which can move in elevation and azimuth axes relative to gun. This ensures effective firing at long distances by enabling line-of-sight stay on the target at all times, even during the firing where ballistic correction is applied to the gun. The separately stabilized electroptical sight also enables surveillance and target tracking without aiming the gun to the target.
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması) is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.
The navy can trace its lineage back to the first Turkish fleets to sail the Aegean in the late 11th century, the fleets of the Anatolian beyliks in the 14th century, and, more immediately, to the Ottoman Navy. However, the modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.
In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments.[3] As of early 2015, the navy has approximately 212 ships in commission (excluding minor auxiliary vessels) and 51 maritime aircraft.
History
Ottoman fleet after Mudros
See also: Ottoman Navy
Following the demise of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, on November 3, 1918, the fleet commander of the Ottoman Navy, Liva Amiral Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.[7] The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship Turgut Reis and the cruisers Hamidiye and Mecidiye were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.[8] Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim was transferred to the Gulf of Izmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn;[8] while her ammunition and guns were removed.[8] During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active coast guard duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919;[7] such as the torpedo boats Akhisar and Dıraç which patrolled the Sea of Marmara, the gunboat Hızır Reis which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers Nusret and Tir-i Müjgan which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros.[8]
Before the Turkish War of Independence began, the Bahriye Nazırlığı (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat Preveze to Sinop and the gunboat Aydın Reis to Trabzon in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties.[8] However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the Preveze and Aydın Reis to remain in harbour until the end of 1919.[8] During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies.[8] Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara.[8]
Ministry of the Navy
Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of Istanbul, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922.[8] The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Vekâleti) of the Republic of Turkey,
- published: 23 May 2017
- views: 568
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries' history books, or was presented as foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with communist ideology.
One of the most easily overlooked, yet momentous short wars of the 20th century was the swift-moving clash between the post-World War I Polish Republic and Russias brand-new Bolshevik regime of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Reaching a climax during the summer of 1920, the Russo-Polish War is often regarded as the final episode of the Russian Civil War. In fact, it was much more — at once a reflection of the age-old enmity between two Slavic neighbors and a Marxist crusade bent on varying the torch of revolution into the heart of Europe. The campaign featured a remarkable cast of characters on both sides and mixed ferocious cavalry charges with early blitzkrieg tactics in quest of exceptional objectives.Bolshevik commanders in the Red Army's coming offensive would include Leon Trotsky, Mikhail Tukhachevsky (new commander of the Western Front), the future Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin and the founder of the Cheka (secret police)Feliks Dzierżyński.
Germany and France were war weary and were experiencing problems such as unemployment and general economic disruption. Lenin already had political agitators in those countries, but in order for his Revolution to succeed he would need the presence of a military force, the Red Army. It became apparent that Lenin was begining to win the Civil War in Russia and would soon be able to free up the Red Army for use in Europe.
The nature of this war and the significance of its outcome were not understood in the West at the time, and are still little known today. The war was both national and ideological. Its roots went back to the old Polish-Russian struggle over the borderlands, i.e. Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine, which now took on a new significance. The war led to the Red Army's only real defeat, which meant that not only Poland and the Baltic states, but perhaps also Hungary and Czechoslovakia, were saved from Soviet domination at this time.
J.Piłsudskis federalist concept was based on the assumption that the major threat to Eastern Europe was Soviet Russia and secondly Germany. Thus an association of countries had to be formed to prevent aggression. The union between Poland and Lithuania, including Belarus was supposed to be its basis. The next country included was to be independent Ukraine. Latvia and Estonia were to come later. The project was not completed as the countries in question were either too weak (Ukraine, Belarus) or did not want the federation (Lithuania). The later one preferred an independent national country. Piłsudskis initiative, taken up many times within 4 years (1918/19191922) was the only alternative to the Moscow idea of considering the area between Russia and Germany as the territory of its influence.
At the very least Lenin wanted to recapture Poland and other lands(Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine)lost as a result of Czarist Russia's defeat by Germany in WW I. It is widely believed that Lenin wanted to expand his Bolshevik empire beyond the former Russian boundries, using the Red Army as a tool to accomplish a wider Revolution. In a pre-emptive strike intended to stop the Bolsheviks, Jozef Pilsudski, the commander of Polish Forces, attacked the Bolsheviks in force in February 1919.
Western Europe, where revolutionary fever was boiling over on the streets, was spared a bloody fight for survival. Unfortunately, political and military significance of this victory was never fully appreciated by Europeans.
Polish allies were few. Hungary offered to send a 30,000 cavalry corps to Poland's aid, but the Czechoslovakian government refused to allow them through; some trains with weapon supplies from Hungary did, however, arrive in Poland.
In addition, shipments of military supplies, materials and armament sent as a form of military assistance by the Allies (most of it by France) were sabotaged by some countries (Germany, Czechoslovakia) under the pretence of neutrality, and by British and German workers converted to communism and manipulated by Soviet infiltrators.
W filmie wykorzystano fragmenty:
- "Przedwiośnia"
- "Sensacji XX wieku" B. Wołoszańskiego
- "Cudu nad Wisłą" K. Tyszowieckiego (podziękowania dla Pathe39)
Recommended links:
http://www.bitwawarszawska.pl/ (in Polish)
http://www.electronicmuseum.ca/Soviet-Polish_War/spw.html (in English)
http://www.onpedia.com/encyclopedia/polish-soviet-war (in English)
http://www.polska.jest.pl/wojna1920/ Warsaw 1920 battle
http://www.hallersarmy.com/ (in English)
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polish-Bolshevik_War (in English)
No copyright infringement intended
- published: 13 Jan 2009
- views: 154211
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/
We explain all the major events of Russia's TWO revolutions of 1917– the February Revolution that ended Tsarist rule in Russia, and the October Revolution, that brought the Bolsheviks to power. We explain the causes of Tsar Nicholas II's growing unpopularity - the role of the mysterious Siberian mystic Rasputin, Russia's disastrous involvement in World War One, and the events on the streets of Petrograd that led to the Tsar's abdication. That summer Russia lurched from crisis to crisis, with a Provisional Government that faced riots (the July Days), military revolt (the Kornilov Affair), economic chaos, and constantly dwindling support. Socialist Prime Minister Alexander Kerensky, once hailed as Russia's great hope, was unable to restore order, or, in October, prevent the Bolsheviks from launching a coup, organised by Leon Trotsky and led by Vladimir Lenin, that overthrow the Provisional Government and brought the Bolsheviks to power. A brutal civil war followed, leading to the death of more than 10 million Russians – amongst them Tsar Nicholas II and his family, executed by Bolsheviks at Yekaterinburg in July 1918. From the wreckage emerged the Soviet Union, formed in 1922, and destined to be one of the 20th century's two superpowers.
Find out more about Epic History TV at our website: http://www.epichistory.tv/
Please help me make more history videos by supporting me at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/epichistorytv
- published: 04 Aug 2016
- views: 102299
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that.
Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in February 1919.
- published: 05 Apr 2017
- views: 193
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle is a Winchester 12 guage with a date mark of 1897.
- published: 05 Mar 2017
- views: 62
1919
1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1919th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 919th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1910s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1919 is 13 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.
Events
January
- The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
- HMY Iolaire sinks off the coast of Scotland; 206 die.
- Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/1919
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Turkish Naval Forces
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması) is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.
The navy can trace its lineage back to the first Turkish fleets to sail the Aegean in the late 11th century, the fleets of the Anatolian beyliks in the 14th century, and, more immediately, to the Ottoman Navy. However, the modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.
In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments. As of early 2015, the navy operates a wide variety of ships and 51 maritime aircraft.
History
Ottoman fleet after Mudros
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Turkish_Naval_Forces
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ottoman Navy
The Ottoman Navy (Turkish: Osmanlı Donanması or Donanma-yı Humâyûn), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was established in the early 14th century after the Ottoman Empire first expanded to reach the sea in 1323 by capturing Karamürsel, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future Navy. During its long existence, it was involved in many conflicts and signed a number of maritime treaties. At its height, the Navy extended to the Indian Ocean, sending an expedition to Indonesia in 1565.
For much of its history, the Navy was led by the position of the Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral; literally "Captain Pasha"). This position was abolished in 1867, when it was replaced by the Minister of the Navy (Turkish: Bahriye Nazırı) and a number of Fleet Commanders (Turkish: Donanma Komutanları). After the end of the Ottoman Empire and the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Navy's tradition was continued under the modern Turkish Naval Forces.
Pre-Ottoman Turkish fleets
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After conquests in the Balkans by Murad I between 1362 and 1389, the Ottoman sultanate was transformed into a transcontinental empire and claimant to the caliphate. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия; РККА, or Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya: RKKA, frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия; KA, in English: Red Army) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army" (Russian: Советская Армия (СА)/Sovetskaya Armija), until its dissolution in December 1991.
The Red Army is credited as being the decisive land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II. During operations on the Eastern Front, it fought 75%–80% of the German land forces (Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS) deployed in the war.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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1:13:01Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919 -
4:38Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School BasketballFeb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, with stops in Lyman, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne and Rock Springs on the return trip. Rather than just include the audio, slides were added to convert to a slideshow video -- more options with a video presentation than strictly audio, though the images don't match the subject matter; they're from a few years down the road -- 1923 and 1931, respectively. -
3:46Seattle General Strike 1919
Seattle General Strike 1919Seattle General Strike 1919
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Produced and directed by Lucy Ostrander. The excerpt is part of an award-winning documentary film biography of Anna Louise Strong, Seattle's most famous radical. The General Strike began February 6 and ended February 11, 1919. It was called to support the shipyard workers demands for higher wages after a World War I ended. The shipyard workers were represented by different crafts that composed a "Metal Trades Council" that had been on strike since January 21, 1919. The Seattle Central Labor Council called the General Strike in support of the Metal Trades unions. The strike ultimately failed and many labor leaders were jailed and the only labor newspaper in Seattle was shut down. -
18:35Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna (Greek: Ζώνη Σμύρνης) during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence resulted in decreased international support for the occupation and a rise of Turkish nationalism. The High Commissioner of Smyrna, Aristidis Stergiadis, took a firm stance against discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration; however, ethnic tensions and discrimination remained. Stergiadis also began work on projects involving resettlement of Greek refugees, the foundations for a University, and some public health projects. Smyrna was a major base of operations for Greek troops in Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). The Greek occupation of Smyrna ended on 9 September 1922 as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk entered the city. After the Turkish advance on Smyrna, a mob hanged the Orthodox bishop Chrysostomos of Smyrna and a few days later the Great Fire of Smyrna burnt large parts of the city (including most of the Greek and Armenian areas). With the end of the occupation of Smyrna, major combat in Anatolia between Greek and Turkish forces largely ended and on 24 July 1923, the parties signed the Treaty of Lausanne ending the war. At the end of World War I (1914--1918), attention of the Allied Powers (Entente Powers) focused on the partition of the territory of the Ottoman Empire. As part of the Treaty of London (1915), by which Italy left the Triple Alliance (with Germany and Austria-Hungary) and joined France, Great Britain and Russia in the Triple Entente, Italy was promised the Dodecanese and, if the partition of the Ottoman Empire were to occur, land in Anatolia including Antalya and surrounding provinces presumably including Smyrna. But in later 1915, as an inducement to enter the war, British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey in private discussion with Eleftherios Venizelos, the Greek Prime Minister at the time, promised large parts of the Anatolian coast to Greece, including Smyrna. Venizelos resigned from his position shortly after this communication, but when he had formally returned to power in June 1917, Greece entered the war on the side of the Entente. On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Entente powers and the Ottoman Empire ending the Ottoman front of World War I. Great Britain, Greece, Italy, France, and the United States began discussing what the treaty provisions regarding the partition of Ottoman territory would be, negotiations which resulted in the Treaty of Sevres. These negotiations began in February 1919 and each country had distinct negotiating preferences about Smyrna. The French, who had large investments in the region, took a position for territorial integrity of a Turkish state that would include the zone of Smyrna. The British were at a loggerhead over the issue with the War Office and India Office promoting the territorial integrity idea and Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by George Curzon, opposed this suggestion and wanting Smyrna to be under separate administration. The Italian position was that Smyrna was rightfully their possession and so the diplomats would refuse to make any comments when Greek control over the area was discussed. The Greek government, pursuing Venizelos' support for the Megali Idea (to bring areas with a majority Greek population or with historical or religious ties to Greece under control of the Greek state) and supported by Lloyd George, began a large propaganda effort to promote their claim to Smyrna including establishing a mission under the foreign minister in the city. Moreover, the Greek claim over the Smyrna area (which appeared to have a clear Greek majority, although exact percentages varied depending on the source) were supported by Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which emphasized the right to autonomous development for minorities in Anatolia. In negotiations, despite French and Italian objections, by the middle of February 1919 Lloyd George shifted the discussion to how Greek administration would work and not whether Greek administration would happen. To further this aim, he brought in a set of experts, including Arnold J. Toynbee to discuss how the zone of Smyrna would operate and what its impacts would be on the population. Following this discussion, in late February 1919, Venezilos appointed Aristidis Stergiadis, a close political ally, the High Commissioner of Smyrna (appointed over political riser Themistoklis Sofoulis). -
2:59Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun SystemWorlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon. SMASH configurations incorporate advanced features as remote operation, built-in electro-optic sensor system for autonomous operation, day and night operation, stabilized turret, automatic target tracking (detect, track and fire on the move) and ballistic computation. SMASH System has a stabilized turret which enables the line-of-sight of the gun to be aimed at the target at all times. Due to the stabilization feature, the system can perform precise firings against stationary or moving targets while the platform is on-the-move. System can be operated remotely by using the remote gun control unit and hence provides gunner protection against counter fire. Besides, SMASH System is capable of firing 200 rounds per minute with its dual feed 30mm automatic cannon. As opposed to fixed sight systems used on 12.7mm STAMP and 25mm STOP systems, SMASH incorporates a seperately stabilized electroptical suit which can move in elevation and azimuth axes relative to gun. This ensures effective firing at long distances by enabling line-of-sight stay on the target at all times, even during the firing where ballistic correction is applied to the gun. The separately stabilized electroptical sight also enables surveillance and target tracking without aiming the gun to the target. The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması) is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The navy can trace its lineage back to the first Turkish fleets to sail the Aegean in the late 11th century, the fleets of the Anatolian beyliks in the 14th century, and, more immediately, to the Ottoman Navy. However, the modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces. In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments.[3] As of early 2015, the navy has approximately 212 ships in commission (excluding minor auxiliary vessels) and 51 maritime aircraft. History Ottoman fleet after Mudros See also: Ottoman Navy Following the demise of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, on November 3, 1918, the fleet commander of the Ottoman Navy, Liva Amiral Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.[7] The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship Turgut Reis and the cruisers Hamidiye and Mecidiye were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.[8] Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim was transferred to the Gulf of Izmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn;[8] while her ammunition and guns were removed.[8] During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active coast guard duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919;[7] such as the torpedo boats Akhisar and Dıraç which patrolled the Sea of Marmara, the gunboat Hızır Reis which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers Nusret and Tir-i Müjgan which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros.[8] Before the Turkish War of Independence began, the Bahriye Nazırlığı (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat Preveze to Sinop and the gunboat Aydın Reis to Trabzon in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties.[8] However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the Preveze and Aydın Reis to remain in harbour until the end of 1919.[8] During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies.[8] Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara.[8] Ministry of the Navy Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of Istanbul, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922.[8] The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Vekâleti) of the Republic of Turkey, -
5:36Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary CollectionToday in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection -
9:59The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries' history books, or was presented as foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with communist ideology. One of the most easily overlooked, yet momentous short wars of the 20th century was the swift-moving clash between the post-World War I Polish Republic and Russias brand-new Bolshevik regime of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Reaching a climax during the summer of 1920, the Russo-Polish War is often regarded as the final episode of the Russian Civil War. In fact, it was much more — at once a reflection of the age-old enmity between two Slavic neighbors and a Marxist crusade bent on varying the torch of revolution into the heart of Europe. The campaign featured a remarkable cast of characters on both sides and mixed ferocious cavalry charges with early blitzkrieg tactics in quest of exceptional objectives.Bolshevik commanders in the Red Army's coming offensive would include Leon Trotsky, Mikhail Tukhachevsky (new commander of the Western Front), the future Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin and the founder of the Cheka (secret police)Feliks Dzierżyński. Germany and France were war weary and were experiencing problems such as unemployment and general economic disruption. Lenin already had political agitators in those countries, but in order for his Revolution to succeed he would need the presence of a military force, the Red Army. It became apparent that Lenin was begining to win the Civil War in Russia and would soon be able to free up the Red Army for use in Europe. The nature of this war and the significance of its outcome were not understood in the West at the time, and are still little known today. The war was both national and ideological. Its roots went back to the old Polish-Russian struggle over the borderlands, i.e. Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine, which now took on a new significance. The war led to the Red Army's only real defeat, which meant that not only Poland and the Baltic states, but perhaps also Hungary and Czechoslovakia, were saved from Soviet domination at this time. J.Piłsudskis federalist concept was based on the assumption that the major threat to Eastern Europe was Soviet Russia and secondly Germany. Thus an association of countries had to be formed to prevent aggression. The union between Poland and Lithuania, including Belarus was supposed to be its basis. The next country included was to be independent Ukraine. Latvia and Estonia were to come later. The project was not completed as the countries in question were either too weak (Ukraine, Belarus) or did not want the federation (Lithuania). The later one preferred an independent national country. Piłsudskis initiative, taken up many times within 4 years (1918/19191922) was the only alternative to the Moscow idea of considering the area between Russia and Germany as the territory of its influence. At the very least Lenin wanted to recapture Poland and other lands(Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine)lost as a result of Czarist Russia's defeat by Germany in WW I. It is widely believed that Lenin wanted to expand his Bolshevik empire beyond the former Russian boundries, using the Red Army as a tool to accomplish a wider Revolution. In a pre-emptive strike intended to stop the Bolsheviks, Jozef Pilsudski, the commander of Polish Forces, attacked the Bolsheviks in force in February 1919. Western Europe, where revolutionary fever was boiling over on the streets, was spared a bloody fight for survival. Unfortunately, political and military significance of this victory was never fully appreciated by Europeans. Polish allies were few. Hungary offered to send a 30,000 cavalry corps to Poland's aid, but the Czechoslovakian government refused to allow them through; some trains with weapon supplies from Hungary did, however, arrive in Poland. In addition, shipments of military supplies, materials and armament sent as a form of military assistance by the Allies (most of it by France) were sabotaged by some countries (Germany, Czechoslovakia) under the pretence of neutrality, and by British and German workers converted to communism and manipulated by Soviet infiltrators. W filmie wykorzystano fragmenty: - "Przedwiośnia" - "Sensacji XX wieku" B. Wołoszańskiego - "Cudu nad Wisłą" K. Tyszowieckiego (podziękowania dla Pathe39) Recommended links: http://www.bitwawarszawska.pl/ (in Polish) http://www.electronicmuseum.ca/Soviet-Polish_War/spw.html (in English) http://www.onpedia.com/encyclopedia/polish-soviet-war (in English) http://www.polska.jest.pl/wojna1920/ Warsaw 1920 battle http://www.hallersarmy.com/ (in English) http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polish-Bolshevik_War (in English) No copyright infringement intended -
13:42Epic History: The Russian Revolution
Epic History: The Russian RevolutionEpic History: The Russian Revolution
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/ We explain all the major events of Russia's TWO revolutions of 1917– the February Revolution that ended Tsarist rule in Russia, and the October Revolution, that brought the Bolsheviks to power. We explain the causes of Tsar Nicholas II's growing unpopularity - the role of the mysterious Siberian mystic Rasputin, Russia's disastrous involvement in World War One, and the events on the streets of Petrograd that led to the Tsar's abdication. That summer Russia lurched from crisis to crisis, with a Provisional Government that faced riots (the July Days), military revolt (the Kornilov Affair), economic chaos, and constantly dwindling support. Socialist Prime Minister Alexander Kerensky, once hailed as Russia's great hope, was unable to restore order, or, in October, prevent the Bolsheviks from launching a coup, organised by Leon Trotsky and led by Vladimir Lenin, that overthrow the Provisional Government and brought the Bolsheviks to power. A brutal civil war followed, leading to the death of more than 10 million Russians – amongst them Tsar Nicholas II and his family, executed by Bolsheviks at Yekaterinburg in July 1918. From the wreckage emerged the Soviet Union, formed in 1922, and destined to be one of the 20th century's two superpowers. Find out more about Epic History TV at our website: http://www.epichistory.tv/ Please help me make more history videos by supporting me at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/epichistorytv -
0:11Ince/Paramount
Ince/ParamountInce/Paramount
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that. Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in February 1919. -
24:4520170304 151825
20170304 15182520170304 151825
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle is a Winchester 12 guage with a date mark of 1897.
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Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, with stops in Lyman, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne and Rock Springs on the return trip. Rather than just include the audio, slides were added to convert to a slideshow video -- more options with a video presentation than strictly audio, though the images don't match the subject matter; they're from a few years down the road -- 1923 and 1931, respectively.
published: 12 Dec 2015 -
Seattle General Strike 1919
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Produced and directed by Lucy Ostrander. The excerpt is part of an award-winning documentary film biography of Anna Louise Strong, Seattle's most famous radical. The General Strike began February 6 and ended February 11, 1919. It was called to support the shipyard workers demands for higher wages after a World War I ended. The shipyard workers were represented by different crafts that composed a "Metal Trades Council" that had been on strike since January 21, 1919. The Seattle Central Labor Council called the General Strike in support of the Metal Trades unions. The strike ultimately failed and many labor leaders were j...
published: 17 Apr 2008 -
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna (Greek: Ζώνη Σμύρνης) during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence resulted in decreased international support for the occupation and a rise of Turkish nationalism. The High Commissioner of Smyrna, Aristidis Stergiadis, took a firm stance against discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration;...
published: 17 Jan 2014 -
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon. SMASH configurations incorporate advanced features as remote operation, built-in electro-optic sensor system for autonomous operation, day and night operation, stabilized turret, automatic target tracking (detect, track and fire on the move) and ballistic computation. SMASH System has a stabilized turret which enables the line-of-sight of the gun to be aimed at the target at all times. Due to the stabilization feature, the system can perform precise firings against stationary or moving targets while the platform is on-the-move. System can be operated remotely by using the remote gun control unit and hence provides gunner protection agains...
published: 23 May 2017 -
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
published: 13 Feb 2012 -
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries' history books, or was presented as foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with communist ideology. One of the most easily overlooked, yet momentous short wars of the 20th century was the swift-moving clash between the post-World War I Polish Republic and Russias brand-new Bolshevik regime of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Reaching a climax during the summer of 1920, the Russo-Polish War is often regarded as the final episode of the Russian Civil War. In fact, it was much more — at once a reflection of the age-old enmity between two Slavic neighbors and a Marxist crusade bent on varying the torch of revolution into ...
published: 13 Jan 2009 -
Epic History: The Russian Revolution
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/ We explain all the major events of Russia's TWO revolutions of 1917– the February Revolution that ended Tsarist rule in Russia, and the October Revolution, that brought the Bolsheviks to power. We explain the causes of Tsar Nicholas II's growing unpopularity - the role of the mysterious Siberian mystic Rasputin, Russia's disastrous involvement in World War One, and the events on the streets of Petrograd that led to the Tsar's abdication. That summer Russia lurched from crisis to crisis, with a Provisional Government that faced riots (the July Days), military revolt (the Kornilov Affair), economic chaos, and constantly dwindling sup...
published: 04 Aug 2016 -
Ince/Paramount
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that. Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in February 1919.
published: 05 Apr 2017 -
20170304 151825
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle is a Winchester 12 guage with a date mark of 1897.
published: 05 Mar 2017
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13:01
- Updated: 02 Oct 2015
- views: 120
Detailed breakdown of Strategic Turn B (entire board opens up, more units and special rules go into effect) and the ensuing fifth turn. Some life is breathed i...
Detailed breakdown of Strategic Turn B (entire board opens up, more units and special rules go into effect) and the ensuing fifth turn. Some life is breathed into the Whites with reinforcements arriving to fill out already thinned ranks.
https://wn.com/Reds_Turn_Five_January_February_1919
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 12 Dec 2015
- views: 18
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, w...
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, with stops in Lyman, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne and Rock Springs on the return trip. Rather than just include the audio, slides were added to convert to a slideshow video -- more options with a video presentation than strictly audio, though the images don't match the subject matter; they're from a few years down the road -- 1923 and 1931, respectively.
https://wn.com/Feb._1919_Evanston_High_School_Basketball
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almost week-long train trip for the Evanston High School Basketball team, with stops in Lyman, Rawlins, Laramie, Cheyenne and Rock Springs on the return trip. Rather than just include the audio, slides were added to convert to a slideshow video -- more options with a video presentation than strictly audio, though the images don't match the subject matter; they're from a few years down the road -- 1923 and 1931, respectively.
- published: 12 Dec 2015
- views: 18
Seattle General Strike 1919
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 17 Apr 2008
- views: 13130
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Pr...
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Produced and directed by Lucy Ostrander. The excerpt is part of an award-winning documentary film biography of Anna Louise Strong, Seattle's most famous radical.
The General Strike began February 6 and ended February 11, 1919. It was called to support the shipyard workers demands for higher wages after a World War I ended.
The shipyard workers were represented by different crafts that composed a "Metal Trades Council" that had been on strike since January 21, 1919.
The Seattle Central Labor Council called the General Strike in support of the Metal Trades unions. The strike ultimately failed and many labor leaders were jailed and the only labor newspaper in Seattle was shut down.
https://wn.com/Seattle_General_Strike_1919
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains original film footage from 1919, the only known footage of the strike. Produced and directed by Lucy Ostrander. The excerpt is part of an award-winning documentary film biography of Anna Louise Strong, Seattle's most famous radical.
The General Strike began February 6 and ended February 11, 1919. It was called to support the shipyard workers demands for higher wages after a World War I ended.
The shipyard workers were represented by different crafts that composed a "Metal Trades Council" that had been on strike since January 21, 1919.
The Seattle Central Labor Council called the General Strike in support of the Metal Trades unions. The strike ultimately failed and many labor leaders were jailed and the only labor newspaper in Seattle was shut down.
- published: 17 Apr 2008
- views: 13130
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:35
- Updated: 17 Jan 2014
- views: 3889
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 Septem...
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna (Greek: Ζώνη Σμύρνης) during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence resulted in decreased international support for the occupation and a rise of Turkish nationalism. The High Commissioner of Smyrna, Aristidis Stergiadis, took a firm stance against discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration; however, ethnic tensions and discrimination remained. Stergiadis also began work on projects involving resettlement of Greek refugees, the foundations for a University, and some public health projects. Smyrna was a major base of operations for Greek troops in Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). The Greek occupation of Smyrna ended on 9 September 1922 as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk entered the city. After the Turkish advance on Smyrna, a mob hanged the Orthodox bishop Chrysostomos of Smyrna and a few days later the Great Fire of Smyrna burnt large parts of the city (including most of the Greek and Armenian areas). With the end of the occupation of Smyrna, major combat in Anatolia between Greek and Turkish forces largely ended and on 24 July 1923, the parties signed the Treaty of Lausanne ending the war.
At the end of World War I (1914--1918), attention of the Allied Powers (Entente Powers) focused on the partition of the territory of the Ottoman Empire. As part of the Treaty of London (1915), by which Italy left the Triple Alliance (with Germany and Austria-Hungary) and joined France, Great Britain and Russia in the Triple Entente, Italy was promised the Dodecanese and, if the partition of the Ottoman Empire were to occur, land in Anatolia including Antalya and surrounding provinces presumably including Smyrna. But in later 1915, as an inducement to enter the war, British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey in private discussion with Eleftherios Venizelos, the Greek Prime Minister at the time, promised large parts of the Anatolian coast to Greece, including Smyrna. Venizelos resigned from his position shortly after this communication, but when he had formally returned to power in June 1917, Greece entered the war on the side of the Entente.
On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Entente powers and the Ottoman Empire ending the Ottoman front of World War I. Great Britain, Greece, Italy, France, and the United States began discussing what the treaty provisions regarding the partition of Ottoman territory would be, negotiations which resulted in the Treaty of Sevres. These negotiations began in February 1919 and each country had distinct negotiating preferences about Smyrna. The French, who had large investments in the region, took a position for territorial integrity of a Turkish state that would include the zone of Smyrna. The British were at a loggerhead over the issue with the War Office and India Office promoting the territorial integrity idea and Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by George Curzon, opposed this suggestion and wanting Smyrna to be under separate administration. The Italian position was that Smyrna was rightfully their possession and so the diplomats would refuse to make any comments when Greek control over the area was discussed. The Greek government, pursuing Venizelos' support for the Megali Idea (to bring areas with a majority Greek population or with historical or religious ties to Greece under control of the Greek state) and supported by Lloyd George, began a large propaganda effort to promote their claim to Smyrna including establishing a mission under the foreign minister in the city. Moreover, the Greek claim over the Smyrna area (which appeared to have a clear Greek majority, although exact percentages varied depending on the source) were supported by Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which emphasized the right to autonomous development for minorities in Anatolia. In negotiations, despite French and Italian objections, by the middle of February 1919 Lloyd George shifted the discussion to how Greek administration would work and not whether Greek administration would happen. To further this aim, he brought in a set of experts, including Arnold J. Toynbee to discuss how the zone of Smyrna would operate and what its impacts would be on the population. Following this discussion, in late February 1919, Venezilos appointed Aristidis Stergiadis, a close political ally, the High Commissioner of Smyrna (appointed over political riser Themistoklis Sofoulis).
https://wn.com/Greek_Occupation_Of_Izmir_(_Smyrna_)_1919_1922
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir) and surrounding areas from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna (Greek: Ζώνη Σμύρνης) during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence resulted in decreased international support for the occupation and a rise of Turkish nationalism. The High Commissioner of Smyrna, Aristidis Stergiadis, took a firm stance against discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration; however, ethnic tensions and discrimination remained. Stergiadis also began work on projects involving resettlement of Greek refugees, the foundations for a University, and some public health projects. Smyrna was a major base of operations for Greek troops in Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). The Greek occupation of Smyrna ended on 9 September 1922 as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk entered the city. After the Turkish advance on Smyrna, a mob hanged the Orthodox bishop Chrysostomos of Smyrna and a few days later the Great Fire of Smyrna burnt large parts of the city (including most of the Greek and Armenian areas). With the end of the occupation of Smyrna, major combat in Anatolia between Greek and Turkish forces largely ended and on 24 July 1923, the parties signed the Treaty of Lausanne ending the war.
At the end of World War I (1914--1918), attention of the Allied Powers (Entente Powers) focused on the partition of the territory of the Ottoman Empire. As part of the Treaty of London (1915), by which Italy left the Triple Alliance (with Germany and Austria-Hungary) and joined France, Great Britain and Russia in the Triple Entente, Italy was promised the Dodecanese and, if the partition of the Ottoman Empire were to occur, land in Anatolia including Antalya and surrounding provinces presumably including Smyrna. But in later 1915, as an inducement to enter the war, British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey in private discussion with Eleftherios Venizelos, the Greek Prime Minister at the time, promised large parts of the Anatolian coast to Greece, including Smyrna. Venizelos resigned from his position shortly after this communication, but when he had formally returned to power in June 1917, Greece entered the war on the side of the Entente.
On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Entente powers and the Ottoman Empire ending the Ottoman front of World War I. Great Britain, Greece, Italy, France, and the United States began discussing what the treaty provisions regarding the partition of Ottoman territory would be, negotiations which resulted in the Treaty of Sevres. These negotiations began in February 1919 and each country had distinct negotiating preferences about Smyrna. The French, who had large investments in the region, took a position for territorial integrity of a Turkish state that would include the zone of Smyrna. The British were at a loggerhead over the issue with the War Office and India Office promoting the territorial integrity idea and Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by George Curzon, opposed this suggestion and wanting Smyrna to be under separate administration. The Italian position was that Smyrna was rightfully their possession and so the diplomats would refuse to make any comments when Greek control over the area was discussed. The Greek government, pursuing Venizelos' support for the Megali Idea (to bring areas with a majority Greek population or with historical or religious ties to Greece under control of the Greek state) and supported by Lloyd George, began a large propaganda effort to promote their claim to Smyrna including establishing a mission under the foreign minister in the city. Moreover, the Greek claim over the Smyrna area (which appeared to have a clear Greek majority, although exact percentages varied depending on the source) were supported by Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which emphasized the right to autonomous development for minorities in Anatolia. In negotiations, despite French and Italian objections, by the middle of February 1919 Lloyd George shifted the discussion to how Greek administration would work and not whether Greek administration would happen. To further this aim, he brought in a set of experts, including Arnold J. Toynbee to discuss how the zone of Smyrna would operate and what its impacts would be on the population. Following this discussion, in late February 1919, Venezilos appointed Aristidis Stergiadis, a close political ally, the High Commissioner of Smyrna (appointed over political riser Themistoklis Sofoulis).
- published: 17 Jan 2014
- views: 3889
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 23 May 2017
- views: 568
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon.
SMASH con...
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon.
SMASH configurations incorporate advanced features as remote operation, built-in electro-optic sensor system for autonomous operation, day and night operation, stabilized turret, automatic target tracking (detect, track and fire on the move) and ballistic computation.
SMASH System has a stabilized turret which enables the line-of-sight of the gun to be aimed at the target at all times. Due to the stabilization feature, the system can perform precise firings against stationary or moving targets while the platform is on-the-move.
System can be operated remotely by using the remote gun control unit and hence provides gunner protection against counter fire. Besides, SMASH System is capable of firing 200 rounds per minute with its dual feed 30mm automatic cannon.
As opposed to fixed sight systems used on 12.7mm STAMP and 25mm STOP systems, SMASH incorporates a seperately stabilized electroptical suit which can move in elevation and azimuth axes relative to gun. This ensures effective firing at long distances by enabling line-of-sight stay on the target at all times, even during the firing where ballistic correction is applied to the gun. The separately stabilized electroptical sight also enables surveillance and target tracking without aiming the gun to the target.
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması) is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.
The navy can trace its lineage back to the first Turkish fleets to sail the Aegean in the late 11th century, the fleets of the Anatolian beyliks in the 14th century, and, more immediately, to the Ottoman Navy. However, the modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.
In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments.[3] As of early 2015, the navy has approximately 212 ships in commission (excluding minor auxiliary vessels) and 51 maritime aircraft.
History
Ottoman fleet after Mudros
See also: Ottoman Navy
Following the demise of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, on November 3, 1918, the fleet commander of the Ottoman Navy, Liva Amiral Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.[7] The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship Turgut Reis and the cruisers Hamidiye and Mecidiye were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.[8] Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim was transferred to the Gulf of Izmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn;[8] while her ammunition and guns were removed.[8] During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active coast guard duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919;[7] such as the torpedo boats Akhisar and Dıraç which patrolled the Sea of Marmara, the gunboat Hızır Reis which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers Nusret and Tir-i Müjgan which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros.[8]
Before the Turkish War of Independence began, the Bahriye Nazırlığı (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat Preveze to Sinop and the gunboat Aydın Reis to Trabzon in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties.[8] However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the Preveze and Aydın Reis to remain in harbour until the end of 1919.[8] During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies.[8] Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara.[8]
Ministry of the Navy
Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of Istanbul, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922.[8] The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Vekâleti) of the Republic of Turkey,
https://wn.com/Worlds_Most_Feared_Turkish_Navy_Naval_Gun_System
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilized weapon station fitted with 30mm Mk44 Bushmaster-II Canon.
SMASH configurations incorporate advanced features as remote operation, built-in electro-optic sensor system for autonomous operation, day and night operation, stabilized turret, automatic target tracking (detect, track and fire on the move) and ballistic computation.
SMASH System has a stabilized turret which enables the line-of-sight of the gun to be aimed at the target at all times. Due to the stabilization feature, the system can perform precise firings against stationary or moving targets while the platform is on-the-move.
System can be operated remotely by using the remote gun control unit and hence provides gunner protection against counter fire. Besides, SMASH System is capable of firing 200 rounds per minute with its dual feed 30mm automatic cannon.
As opposed to fixed sight systems used on 12.7mm STAMP and 25mm STOP systems, SMASH incorporates a seperately stabilized electroptical suit which can move in elevation and azimuth axes relative to gun. This ensures effective firing at long distances by enabling line-of-sight stay on the target at all times, even during the firing where ballistic correction is applied to the gun. The separately stabilized electroptical sight also enables surveillance and target tracking without aiming the gun to the target.
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması) is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.
The navy can trace its lineage back to the first Turkish fleets to sail the Aegean in the late 11th century, the fleets of the Anatolian beyliks in the 14th century, and, more immediately, to the Ottoman Navy. However, the modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.
In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments.[3] As of early 2015, the navy has approximately 212 ships in commission (excluding minor auxiliary vessels) and 51 maritime aircraft.
History
Ottoman fleet after Mudros
See also: Ottoman Navy
Following the demise of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, on November 3, 1918, the fleet commander of the Ottoman Navy, Liva Amiral Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.[7] The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship Turgut Reis and the cruisers Hamidiye and Mecidiye were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.[8] Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim was transferred to the Gulf of Izmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn;[8] while her ammunition and guns were removed.[8] During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active coast guard duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919;[7] such as the torpedo boats Akhisar and Dıraç which patrolled the Sea of Marmara, the gunboat Hızır Reis which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers Nusret and Tir-i Müjgan which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros.[8]
Before the Turkish War of Independence began, the Bahriye Nazırlığı (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat Preveze to Sinop and the gunboat Aydın Reis to Trabzon in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties.[8] However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the Preveze and Aydın Reis to remain in harbour until the end of 1919.[8] During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies.[8] Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara.[8]
Ministry of the Navy
Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of Istanbul, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922.[8] The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Vekâleti) of the Republic of Turkey,
- published: 23 May 2017
- views: 568
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Updated: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 235
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 13 Jan 2009
- views: 154211
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countri...
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries' history books, or was presented as foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with communist ideology.
One of the most easily overlooked, yet momentous short wars of the 20th century was the swift-moving clash between the post-World War I Polish Republic and Russias brand-new Bolshevik regime of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Reaching a climax during the summer of 1920, the Russo-Polish War is often regarded as the final episode of the Russian Civil War. In fact, it was much more — at once a reflection of the age-old enmity between two Slavic neighbors and a Marxist crusade bent on varying the torch of revolution into the heart of Europe. The campaign featured a remarkable cast of characters on both sides and mixed ferocious cavalry charges with early blitzkrieg tactics in quest of exceptional objectives.Bolshevik commanders in the Red Army's coming offensive would include Leon Trotsky, Mikhail Tukhachevsky (new commander of the Western Front), the future Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin and the founder of the Cheka (secret police)Feliks Dzierżyński.
Germany and France were war weary and were experiencing problems such as unemployment and general economic disruption. Lenin already had political agitators in those countries, but in order for his Revolution to succeed he would need the presence of a military force, the Red Army. It became apparent that Lenin was begining to win the Civil War in Russia and would soon be able to free up the Red Army for use in Europe.
The nature of this war and the significance of its outcome were not understood in the West at the time, and are still little known today. The war was both national and ideological. Its roots went back to the old Polish-Russian struggle over the borderlands, i.e. Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine, which now took on a new significance. The war led to the Red Army's only real defeat, which meant that not only Poland and the Baltic states, but perhaps also Hungary and Czechoslovakia, were saved from Soviet domination at this time.
J.Piłsudskis federalist concept was based on the assumption that the major threat to Eastern Europe was Soviet Russia and secondly Germany. Thus an association of countries had to be formed to prevent aggression. The union between Poland and Lithuania, including Belarus was supposed to be its basis. The next country included was to be independent Ukraine. Latvia and Estonia were to come later. The project was not completed as the countries in question were either too weak (Ukraine, Belarus) or did not want the federation (Lithuania). The later one preferred an independent national country. Piłsudskis initiative, taken up many times within 4 years (1918/19191922) was the only alternative to the Moscow idea of considering the area between Russia and Germany as the territory of its influence.
At the very least Lenin wanted to recapture Poland and other lands(Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine)lost as a result of Czarist Russia's defeat by Germany in WW I. It is widely believed that Lenin wanted to expand his Bolshevik empire beyond the former Russian boundries, using the Red Army as a tool to accomplish a wider Revolution. In a pre-emptive strike intended to stop the Bolsheviks, Jozef Pilsudski, the commander of Polish Forces, attacked the Bolsheviks in force in February 1919.
Western Europe, where revolutionary fever was boiling over on the streets, was spared a bloody fight for survival. Unfortunately, political and military significance of this victory was never fully appreciated by Europeans.
Polish allies were few. Hungary offered to send a 30,000 cavalry corps to Poland's aid, but the Czechoslovakian government refused to allow them through; some trains with weapon supplies from Hungary did, however, arrive in Poland.
In addition, shipments of military supplies, materials and armament sent as a form of military assistance by the Allies (most of it by France) were sabotaged by some countries (Germany, Czechoslovakia) under the pretence of neutrality, and by British and German workers converted to communism and manipulated by Soviet infiltrators.
W filmie wykorzystano fragmenty:
- "Przedwiośnia"
- "Sensacji XX wieku" B. Wołoszańskiego
- "Cudu nad Wisłą" K. Tyszowieckiego (podziękowania dla Pathe39)
Recommended links:
http://www.bitwawarszawska.pl/ (in Polish)
http://www.electronicmuseum.ca/Soviet-Polish_War/spw.html (in English)
http://www.onpedia.com/encyclopedia/polish-soviet-war (in English)
http://www.polska.jest.pl/wojna1920/ Warsaw 1920 battle
http://www.hallersarmy.com/ (in English)
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polish-Bolshevik_War (in English)
No copyright infringement intended
https://wn.com/The_Polish_Bolshevik_War_1919_1921
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries' history books, or was presented as foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with communist ideology.
One of the most easily overlooked, yet momentous short wars of the 20th century was the swift-moving clash between the post-World War I Polish Republic and Russias brand-new Bolshevik regime of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Reaching a climax during the summer of 1920, the Russo-Polish War is often regarded as the final episode of the Russian Civil War. In fact, it was much more — at once a reflection of the age-old enmity between two Slavic neighbors and a Marxist crusade bent on varying the torch of revolution into the heart of Europe. The campaign featured a remarkable cast of characters on both sides and mixed ferocious cavalry charges with early blitzkrieg tactics in quest of exceptional objectives.Bolshevik commanders in the Red Army's coming offensive would include Leon Trotsky, Mikhail Tukhachevsky (new commander of the Western Front), the future Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin and the founder of the Cheka (secret police)Feliks Dzierżyński.
Germany and France were war weary and were experiencing problems such as unemployment and general economic disruption. Lenin already had political agitators in those countries, but in order for his Revolution to succeed he would need the presence of a military force, the Red Army. It became apparent that Lenin was begining to win the Civil War in Russia and would soon be able to free up the Red Army for use in Europe.
The nature of this war and the significance of its outcome were not understood in the West at the time, and are still little known today. The war was both national and ideological. Its roots went back to the old Polish-Russian struggle over the borderlands, i.e. Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine, which now took on a new significance. The war led to the Red Army's only real defeat, which meant that not only Poland and the Baltic states, but perhaps also Hungary and Czechoslovakia, were saved from Soviet domination at this time.
J.Piłsudskis federalist concept was based on the assumption that the major threat to Eastern Europe was Soviet Russia and secondly Germany. Thus an association of countries had to be formed to prevent aggression. The union between Poland and Lithuania, including Belarus was supposed to be its basis. The next country included was to be independent Ukraine. Latvia and Estonia were to come later. The project was not completed as the countries in question were either too weak (Ukraine, Belarus) or did not want the federation (Lithuania). The later one preferred an independent national country. Piłsudskis initiative, taken up many times within 4 years (1918/19191922) was the only alternative to the Moscow idea of considering the area between Russia and Germany as the territory of its influence.
At the very least Lenin wanted to recapture Poland and other lands(Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine)lost as a result of Czarist Russia's defeat by Germany in WW I. It is widely believed that Lenin wanted to expand his Bolshevik empire beyond the former Russian boundries, using the Red Army as a tool to accomplish a wider Revolution. In a pre-emptive strike intended to stop the Bolsheviks, Jozef Pilsudski, the commander of Polish Forces, attacked the Bolsheviks in force in February 1919.
Western Europe, where revolutionary fever was boiling over on the streets, was spared a bloody fight for survival. Unfortunately, political and military significance of this victory was never fully appreciated by Europeans.
Polish allies were few. Hungary offered to send a 30,000 cavalry corps to Poland's aid, but the Czechoslovakian government refused to allow them through; some trains with weapon supplies from Hungary did, however, arrive in Poland.
In addition, shipments of military supplies, materials and armament sent as a form of military assistance by the Allies (most of it by France) were sabotaged by some countries (Germany, Czechoslovakia) under the pretence of neutrality, and by British and German workers converted to communism and manipulated by Soviet infiltrators.
W filmie wykorzystano fragmenty:
- "Przedwiośnia"
- "Sensacji XX wieku" B. Wołoszańskiego
- "Cudu nad Wisłą" K. Tyszowieckiego (podziękowania dla Pathe39)
Recommended links:
http://www.bitwawarszawska.pl/ (in Polish)
http://www.electronicmuseum.ca/Soviet-Polish_War/spw.html (in English)
http://www.onpedia.com/encyclopedia/polish-soviet-war (in English)
http://www.polska.jest.pl/wojna1920/ Warsaw 1920 battle
http://www.hallersarmy.com/ (in English)
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polish-Bolshevik_War (in English)
No copyright infringement intended
- published: 13 Jan 2009
- views: 154211
Epic History: The Russian Revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:42
- Updated: 04 Aug 2016
- views: 102299
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/
...
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/
We explain all the major events of Russia's TWO revolutions of 1917– the February Revolution that ended Tsarist rule in Russia, and the October Revolution, that brought the Bolsheviks to power. We explain the causes of Tsar Nicholas II's growing unpopularity - the role of the mysterious Siberian mystic Rasputin, Russia's disastrous involvement in World War One, and the events on the streets of Petrograd that led to the Tsar's abdication. That summer Russia lurched from crisis to crisis, with a Provisional Government that faced riots (the July Days), military revolt (the Kornilov Affair), economic chaos, and constantly dwindling support. Socialist Prime Minister Alexander Kerensky, once hailed as Russia's great hope, was unable to restore order, or, in October, prevent the Bolsheviks from launching a coup, organised by Leon Trotsky and led by Vladimir Lenin, that overthrow the Provisional Government and brought the Bolsheviks to power. A brutal civil war followed, leading to the death of more than 10 million Russians – amongst them Tsar Nicholas II and his family, executed by Bolsheviks at Yekaterinburg in July 1918. From the wreckage emerged the Soviet Union, formed in 1922, and destined to be one of the 20th century's two superpowers.
Find out more about Epic History TV at our website: http://www.epichistory.tv/
Please help me make more history videos by supporting me at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/epichistorytv
https://wn.com/Epic_History_The_Russian_Revolution
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in partnership with Bridgeman Images http://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-GB/
We explain all the major events of Russia's TWO revolutions of 1917– the February Revolution that ended Tsarist rule in Russia, and the October Revolution, that brought the Bolsheviks to power. We explain the causes of Tsar Nicholas II's growing unpopularity - the role of the mysterious Siberian mystic Rasputin, Russia's disastrous involvement in World War One, and the events on the streets of Petrograd that led to the Tsar's abdication. That summer Russia lurched from crisis to crisis, with a Provisional Government that faced riots (the July Days), military revolt (the Kornilov Affair), economic chaos, and constantly dwindling support. Socialist Prime Minister Alexander Kerensky, once hailed as Russia's great hope, was unable to restore order, or, in October, prevent the Bolsheviks from launching a coup, organised by Leon Trotsky and led by Vladimir Lenin, that overthrow the Provisional Government and brought the Bolsheviks to power. A brutal civil war followed, leading to the death of more than 10 million Russians – amongst them Tsar Nicholas II and his family, executed by Bolsheviks at Yekaterinburg in July 1918. From the wreckage emerged the Soviet Union, formed in 1922, and destined to be one of the 20th century's two superpowers.
Find out more about Epic History TV at our website: http://www.epichistory.tv/
Please help me make more history videos by supporting me at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/epichistorytv
- published: 04 Aug 2016
- views: 102299
Ince/Paramount
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:11
- Updated: 05 Apr 2017
- views: 193
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that.
Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in...
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that.
Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in February 1919.
https://wn.com/Ince_Paramount
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that.
Despite the 1918 copyright date, the film False Faces, from whence this came, was released in February 1919.
- published: 05 Apr 2017
- views: 193
20170304 151825
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:45
- Updated: 05 Mar 2017
- views: 62
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle ...
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle is a Winchester 12 guage with a date mark of 1897.
https://wn.com/20170304_151825
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He grew up on a farm in Marshall, Missouri. The 5th of 8 kids. The rifle is a Winchester 12 guage with a date mark of 1897.
- published: 05 Mar 2017
- views: 62
fullscreen slideshow
- Playlist
- Chat
fullscreen slideshow
- Playlist
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1:13:01
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919
Detailed breakdown of Strategic Turn B (entire board opens up, more units and special rule...
published: 02 Oct 2015
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919
- Report rights infringement
- published: 02 Oct 2015
- views: 120
4:38
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
Narrated version of a Wyoming Times Newspaper story from February 1919, detailing an almos...
published: 12 Dec 2015
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball
- Report rights infringement
- published: 12 Dec 2015
- views: 18
3:46
Seattle General Strike 1919
This is an excerpt from Witness to Revolution: The Story of Anna Louis Strong contains ori...
published: 17 Apr 2008
Seattle General Strike 1919
Seattle General Strike 1919
- Report rights infringement
- published: 17 Apr 2008
- views: 13130
18:35
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
The Occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna (m...
published: 17 Jan 2014
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922
- Report rights infringement
- published: 17 Jan 2014
- views: 3889
2:59
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
Turkish navy unviels advanced new naval gun system. SMASH is a remotely operated stabilize...
published: 23 May 2017
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System
- Report rights infringement
- published: 23 May 2017
- views: 568
5:36
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
published: 13 Feb 2012
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary Collection
- Report rights infringement
- published: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 235
9:59
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
Until 1989, while communists held power in a People's Republic of Poland, the Polish-Sovie...
published: 13 Jan 2009
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921
- Report rights infringement
- published: 13 Jan 2009
- views: 154211
13:42
Epic History: The Russian Revolution
Everything you need to know about the Russian Revolution in a 13 min video. Produced in pa...
published: 04 Aug 2016
Epic History: The Russian Revolution
Epic History: The Russian Revolution
- Report rights infringement
- published: 04 Aug 2016
- views: 102299
0:11
Ince/Paramount
This didn't turn out as well as I'd like it to - sorry about that.
Despite the 1918 copyri...
published: 05 Apr 2017
Ince/Paramount
Ince/Paramount
- Report rights infringement
- published: 05 Apr 2017
- views: 193
24:45
20170304 151825
Fred Ordway,, born February 1919, telling us some stories about the family shotgun. He gr...
published: 05 Mar 2017
20170304 151825
20170304 151825
- Report rights infringement
- published: 05 Mar 2017
- views: 62
Reds! Turn Five: January/February 1919...
Feb. 1919 Evanston High School Basketball...
Seattle General Strike 1919...
Greek Occupation Of Izmir ( Smyrna ) 1919-1922...
Worlds MOST FEARED Turkish Navy Naval Gun System...
Today in History February 13 1919. - Documentary C...
The Polish-Bolshevik War 1919-1921...
Epic History: The Russian Revolution...
Ince/Paramount...
20170304 151825...
See more photos of february 1919
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Lyrics list:lyrics
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February, Dar Williams
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February, Appleseed Cast
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February 1878, Mewithoutyou
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February, Typecast
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febrero 14, Alberto Plaza
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Febrero14, Alberto Plaza
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Feburary, Berzerker
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February, Berzerker
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February, A Thorn For Every Heart
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February, Mineral
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February
I threw your keys in the water, I looked back,
Theyd frozen halfway down in the ice.
They froze up so quickly, the keys and their owners,
Even after the anger, it all turned silent, and
The everyday turned solitary,
So we came to February.
First we forgot where wed planted those bulbs last year,
Then we forgot that wed planted at all,
Then we forgot what plants are altogether,
and I blamed you for my freezing and forgetting and
The nights were long and cold and scary,
Can we live through February?
You know I think Christmas was a long red glare,
Shot up like a warning, we gave presents without cards,
And then the snow,
And then the snow came, we were always out shoveling,
And wed drop to sleep exhausted,
Then wed wake up, and its snowing.
And February was so long that it lasted into March
And found us walking a path alone together.
You stopped and pointed and you said, "Thats a crocus,"
And I said, "Whats a crocus?" and you said, "Its a flower,"
I tried to remember, but I said, "Whats a flower?"
You said, "I still love you."
The leaves were turning as we drove to the hardware store,
My new lover made me keys to the house,
And when we got home, well we just started chopping wood,
Because you never know how next year will be,
And well gather all our arms can carry,
back
London fire: Mourning, anger and questions over lives lost in inferno
Edit CNN 15 Jun 2017
(CNN)A tower once home to hundreds of people is now a blackened husk, looming over a neighborhood in grief. Almost 24 hours after the devastating fire in London's North Kensington left at least 12 people dead, firefighters are still working to dampen the blaze and search for bodies. Questions remain over how the fire began and how it spread so quickly through the 1970s-era tower block that was home to as many as 500 people ... Read More ... ....
back
US fighter jet deal, ship visit show military links to Qatar
Edit Times Free Press 15 Jun 2017
Qatar has signed what it described as a $12 billion for the fighter jets. In November, the U.S. military announced a similar fighter jet deal for $21.1 billion ... ....
back
South Korea Launches Military Drills on Disputed Liancourt Rocks Islands
Edit Sputnik 15 Jun 2017
TOKYO (Sputnik) — The maneuvers are set to last for two days and are aimed at practicing defending the islets from a possible invasion by external forces, the South Korean Navy said, as cited by KBS World Radio on Thursday. A total of seven warships and four aircraft will participate in the exercises,. ....
back
Australia's Turnbull mocks US President Trump in leaked audio
Edit CNN 15 Jun 2017
(CNN)Malcolm Turnbull's next phone call with Donald Trump could be awkward. The Australian Prime Minister mocked his US counterpart in a speech Wednesday night to a gathered crowd of journalists and politicians, during the Australian Parliament's boozy annual Midwinter Ball ... "It was beautiful. It was the most beautiful putting-me-at-ease ever," he told the crowd. JUST WATCHED. Trump had heated exchange with Australian PM. Replay ... Read More....
back
Iranian Naval Vessel Shines Laser At US Ships, Helicopter In Straits Of Hormuz
Edit WorldNews.com 15 Jun 2017
U.S ... military statement said. During the encounter, the statement said, the Iranian vessel came within 800 yards of a U.S. guided-missile destroyer, trained a spotlight on the U.S. ship and scanned it from bow to stern.Each of the three U.S. ships – the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan, guided-missile destroyer USS Cole and a dry cargo ship USNS Washington Chambers – were traveling through he strait, the statement issued by Cdr....
The Japanese Diplomat Who Saved Thousands of Jews During WWII
Edit War History Online 15 Jun 2017
Chiune Sugihara, better known as Sempo, was a Japanese diplomat who came to prominence during WWII ... Then he applied for the Foreign Ministry in 1919 and was accepted. ....
Best-selling Chinese dictionary launches mobile app
Edit China Daily 15 Jun 2017
The app will provide various search methods, including handwriting input, photo scanning and voice input ... It was the first dictionary written in simplified Chinese, as opposed to the traditional Chinese widely used before the May Fourth Movement in 1919 ... ....
Learn how Parsis and Kanara Saraswats led to the rise of community living in colonial Mumbai
Edit Mid Day 15 Jun 2017
Abigail McGowan outside Cusrow Baug, Colaba. Pics/Bipin Kokate. If you take a stroll down Kashibai Navrange Marg in Gamdevi, you'll come across Saraswat Cooperative Housing Society (SCHS), which houses a cluster of six buildings ... Not so far away, on Colaba Causeway, stands the Parsi residential sanctuary of Cusrow Baug, which came up in 1934 ... Building blocks ... Community and identity ... ON ... Saraswat Cooperative Housing Society at Gamdevi 1919....
Obituary: Irene ‘Mouse’ Brown, linguist, poet and author of a pioneering memoir on Bletchley Park
Edit Scotsman 15 Jun 2017
Irene "Mouse” Brown. Born.
16 February 1919 in Edinburgh. Died. 7 June 2017 in Edinburgh, aged 98 ... The story of her time there, of her war in general, and that of the same young man – with whom she was reconciled the next year, and to whom she was briefly married before he disappeared, with all his men, in his new unit's heaviest loss in action – was to be told in the book she wrote in 1990, Enigma Variations ... ... CONTRIBUTED. ....
Weekend Calendar
Edit Arkansas Online 15 Jun 2017
Events are free unless otherwise noted. Art & Exhibits. Central Arkansas. ARGENTA ART WALK 5-8 p.m. third Friday of the month, downtown North Little Rock. Music, art, food. (501) 993-1234. ARKANSAS ARTS CENTER MacArthur Park, East Ninth and Commerce streets ... 27 ... 4 ... Arkansas Politics, 1819-1919"; "First Families of Arkansas." ... ELAINE 1919 IN HISTORY AND FILM noon today, Central Arkansas Library System's Ron Robinson Theater, 100 River Market Ave....
Myde Woodard Eason
Edit The News & Observer 14 Jun 2017
Myde Elizabeth Eason was born December 17, 1919. She went home to be with her Lord and Savior Jesus Christ on Sunday, May 28, 2017. Myde was a native of ... ....
Building that once housed historic Rochester hotel sold
Edit Business Journal 14 Jun 2017
A building in Rochester, Minn., that once housed the historic Avalon Hotel has been sold for $1.1 million. It's unclear what the buyer, ABM Ideations, plans to do with the 98-year-old property at 301 N. Broadway Ave., the Rochester Post Bulletin reports. The seller was Sound Equities LLC. The three-story, 9,728-square-foot building was once occupied by a hotel, which opened under the name Northwestern Hotel in 1919 ... New… ... ....
Kingdom wins three-year deputy seat on ILO governing body
Edit Arabnews 14 Jun 2017
Author. ARAB NEWS Wed, 2017-06-14 03.00 ID. 1497389447992136600 JEDDAH ... The election was carried out on Monday to elect 24 candidates representing governments in four regions ... The ILO was established in 1919 under the Economic and Social Council, one of the UN’s six main bodies ... Main category....
Peter J. Arnone, 98, singer, instrumentalist entertained listeners for more than 70 years
Edit The Buffalo News 14 Jun 2017
March 16, 1919 – June 12, 2017. Peter J. Arnone, a singer and instrumentalist who entertained in nightclubs and at special events for more than 70 years, died Monday in his Buffalo home. He was 98. Born in Rochester, he grew up in Pittston, Pa., where he tap-danced and played harmonica for nickels and dimes as a boy. When he was 10, he was a Pennsylvania harmonica champion ... “He was a natural,” his son, Peter Jr., said ... ....
'It's a reminder to me to be grateful'
Edit Post-Bulletin 14 Jun 2017
CHANHASSEN — Every spring, when the peonies in her yard begin to bloom, Pam McGrann gets to thinking about the past. One set of peonies in particular, obtained by McGrann in 1996 while living in Rochester, evokes memories of her time in the Med City ... All three continue to thrive. If they were planted soon after the war in 1919, as McGrann believes they were, they are now a couple of years shy of 100 years old ... ....
Peonies symbolize and honor area's war sacrifices
Edit Post-Bulletin 14 Jun 2017
CHANHASSEN — Every spring, when the peonies in her yard begin to bloom, Pam McGrann gets to thinking about the past. One set of peonies in particular, obtained by McGrann in 1996 while living in Rochester, evokes memories of her time in the Med City ... All three continue to thrive. If they were planted soon after the war in 1919, as McGrann believes they were, they are now a couple of years shy of 100 years old ... ....
U.S. Open Champions
Edit Rocky Mount Telegram 14 Jun 2017
2015 — Dustin Johnson. 2015 — Jordan Spieth. 2014 — Martin Kaymer. 2013 — Justin Rose. 2012 — Webb Simpson. 2011 — Rory McIlroy. 2010 — Graeme McDowell. 2009 — Lucas Glover. 2008 — z-Tiger Woods. 2007 — Angel Cabrera. 2006 — Geoff Ogilvy. 2005 — Michael Campbell. 2004 — Retief Goosen. 2003 — Jim Furyk. 2002 — Tiger Woods. 2001 — y-Retief Goosen. 2000 — Tiger Woods. 1999 — Payne Stewart. 1998 — Lee Janzen. 1997 — Ernie Els ... Barnes ... 1919 — x-Walter Hagen....
Why We're All Going to Need Local Energy Independence
Edit Huffington Post 14 Jun 2017
If you ask people what they would list under Maslow's hierarchy of needs, chances are you'll be given some variation on food, shelter, and warmth. The challenge as our population grows is how we meet those urgent and basic needs. The difficulties are plain to see ... Almost a quarter of Exeter's current housing stock was built before 1919 so lacks the energy efficiency we would take for granted in new builds today ... ....
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