The Harts River is a northern tributary of the Vaal River, which in turn is the largest tributary of the Orange River (also known as the Gariep River, the largest river in South Africa).

It rises on the far southwestern slopes of the Witwatersrand and flows for 320 km (about 200 miles) in a southwesterly direction (mostly through very flat areas of the North West Province) before flowing into the Vaal River about 100 km above the confluence of that river with the Orange River (Gariep). The Little Harts River which rises near Coligny joins the Great Harts River, which rises near Lichtenburg, to form the main river. Near Taung, the Dry Harts River, a seasonal river with its headwaters in the Vryburg area, also joins it. The river is characterised by highly intermittent runoff, but is regulated to optimise water usage. At Taung the Tswana referred to the Harts River as the Noka (meaning River) Kolong.

Most of the fish found in the river are introduced species, except for Barberspan, which has indigenous species.

Near the towns of Sannieshof and Delareyville, the river is connected to Barbers Pan (26°35' S 25°35' E), which lies partially inside the Barbers Pan Nature Reserve and is a Ramsar wetland site. The pan is 11 km long and 3.5 km wide, and is named after Frederick Hugh Barber FRGS, who hunted along the Harts River in 1875 and not, as has been suggested, after the barbel (''baber'' in the Afrikaans language), a species of catfish found in South African rivers. In 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, who owned a farm near the southern end of the pan, provided the labour and his foreman, Mr M.S. Basson, supervised the digging of a channel which diverted water from the Harts River into the pan, which lies about 9 m lower than the river. The area is so flat that the Harts River now pushes enough water into Barbers Pan during the rainy season to last through the dry winter months, where previously the pan used to dry up during the dry season. This was ecologically important, since the pan now became a large perennial water body in an area of otherwise seasonal pans and vleis. It became an oasis for birds (especially water fowl) which use it for feeding, drinking, roosting, moulting and breeding. Up to 20,000 birds of more than 320 species can be seen at the Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary, making it a popular birding spot, probably the finest in South Africa. Seven endangered bird species and two endangered mammal species occur here. Barberspan also supports a rich plankton community. (RAMSAR, 1994).

Barbers Pan is also the venue for off-road vehicle rallys, like the Barberspan 500.

There is a hotel, self-catering accommodation and camping facilities on the site.

Further downstream, the town of Schweizer-Reneke (founded in October 1888) lies on the banks of the river. Wenzel Dam, just north of the town on the river, has been developed into a holiday resort.

In around 1850, a dam was built in the river next to Dikgatlong, but it was washed away during a flood in 1856.

Near the confluence of the Harts and Vaal Rivers a major irrigation system, the Vaal-Harts Scheme has been set up in 1933 as part of the national reconstruction effort after the Depression. Here water drawn from both the Vaal and the Harts rivers provide water to intensively irrigate numerous smallholdings through a system of canals in an otherwise dry area of the country, supporting towns such as Jankempdorp and Vaalharts.

Around the northern part of the Scheme lie the settlements of Pampierstad, Motsweding, Mokgareng, Manthestad and Taung, all with mostly Tswana speaking residents. Taung became famous after the discovery of the skull of the so-called Taung Child in a lime quarry 14 km west of the town. The quarry is not in use anymore and is now the Taung Heritage Site and open to the public. To the west of the town, the Taung Dam was built in the Harts River. Upstream of the dam some rock engravings can be seen.

On 31 March 1902, during the final months of the Second Boer War, the Battle of Harts River, also known as Boschbult, was fought between the Boers and the British forces near the confluence of the Harts River and the Brak Spruit, one of its dry tributaries. The battle was a British defeat and was also the bloodiest day of that war for the Canadian forces, who fought on the British side.

Alluvial diamond mining still occurs in ancient river beds within the Harts River catchment area. The Newlands Mine is located some 60 km northwest of Kimberley on the river. It is currently being mined at a rate of 3000 tonnes per month by the company Dwyka Diamonds Limited. Noble Minerals, in cooperation with the local Ba-Ga-Maidi tribe has set up an operation to exploit the alluvial diamonds within 20 square kilometres of diamantiferous gravels of the river system, near Taung.

See also

Department of Water Affairs (South Africa)

References

External links

North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary. Includes a picture.

North West Parks & Tourism Board Honorary Officer Association Photo Album. Many pictures of Barbers Pan.

Canadian War Museum - Battle of Harts River. Includes a map.

Encyclopædia Britannica

Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine

North West Provincial Government - Water Resources

South African Birding - Birding Spots - Barbers Pan and environs

Category:Rivers of South Africa

af:Hartsrivier pt:Rio Harts

Name	The Young Bucks
Image size	250px
Names	Generation MeThe Jackson BrothersLos GallinerosMatt and Nick JacksonThe Young Bucks
Height	Matt Jackson:Nick Jackson:
Weight	Matt Jackson:Nick Jackson:
Birth date	Matt:March 13, 1985Nick:July 28, 1989
Birth place	Montebello, California
Resides	Hesperia, California
Trainer	Ron RiveraRudos DojoMarty Jannetty
Debut	August 8, 2004
Retired	}}

The Young Bucks is an American professional wrestling tag team, consisting of real life brothers Matt and Nick Massie (also known by their ring names Matt Jackson Nick Jackson) from Southern California. They are currently working for various promotions on the American independent circuit, most notably Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where they are the current PWG World Tag Team Champions in their second reign. They are also known for their time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where they performed under the ring names Max and Jeremy Buck and the tag team name Generation Me (occasionally abbreviated to GenMe).

Professional wrestling career

Training and debut

In 2001, the family put a wrestling ring in their backyard and the three brothers taught themselves how to wrestle by impersonating what they saw on television. At the age of 18 or 19 Matt began his professional wrestling training in La Mirada and City of Industry, California at the Revolution Pro Wrestling School called Rudos Dojo, training primarily under Ron Rivera (The American Wild Child), Disco Machine, Scorpio Sky and Super Dragon, among others. Matt attended the school with his good friend Dustin Cutler and the two would teach what they learned to their friends back home. Eventually Nick joined his brother and attended a few sessions at the school. Matt, Nick and Dustin would be involved in their very first professional match at an Alternative Wrestling Show/C4/Revolution Pro joint event that was held on August 8, 2004. Matt worked as Fluffy the Dog, Dustin dressed as a hillbilly and Nick was a high flying referee wearing a Santo mask. Soon after, Matt and Nick would wrestle various times for Revolution Pro and Revolution X (Rev Pro's darker counter-part) in chicken costumes, under the team name "Los Gallineros".

High Risk Wrestling (2004–present)

In October 2004, with the help of his family, Matt opened up his very own independent wrestling company called High Risk Wrestling. Matt would originally be the head owner of HRW, but would have help from his brothers Nick, Malalchi and good friend Dustin Cutler - these three would eventually take over ownership years later. Brandon Cutler and Sonny Samson would also play a big part in HRWs shows both behind the scenes and in the ring. The company would run shows twice a month and helped Matt and Nick learn their craft. High Risk Wrestling would go on to run several successful shows in Hesperia, Victorville and Upland, California. The most notable High Risk Wrestling event "Highway 2 Hell" took place on August 4, 2007, in Hesperia. In the main event of the show Matt and Nick teamed up with Marty Jannetty ín a six man tag, where they defeated Joey Ryan, Karl Anderson and Diablo. This was the day Matt and Nick originally met Marty Jannetty, who would become a trainer and a good friend of the two.

On February 26, 2005 at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, CA for Full Contact Wrestling, Matt and Nick were called the "Young Bucks" for the very first time. Originally, Matt was wrestling under the name "Mr. Instant Replay", while Nick was called "Slick Nick". Joey Munoz, the booker at the time, did not know the names of the characters that Matt and Nick were using at the time so wrote down a temporary name on the card. That night Mr. Instant Replay and Slick Nick, the Young Bucks were defeated by the Kaos and Mongol, the Santino Brothers. The name "Young Bucks" has been around ever since that day. "Jackson" was simply given to Matt and Nick by the National Wrestling Alliance during the time NWA Showcase appeared on Maverick Television. Matt and Nick have used that last name ever since.

With the help of HRW, Matt and Nick would eventually land spots in several popular companies in Southern California. Eventually they also gained experience working in front of a camera doing television tapings for the National Wrestling Alliance starting in 2006. The Young Bucks would film their very first matches for the NWA on Maverick Television on November 7, 2006, when they were defeated by Karl Anderson and Joey Ryan. The NWA would also be responsible for the Young Bucks wrestling debut in such states as Texas, Nevada, Rhode Island and New Jersey. They currently appear regularly on NWA Showcase which can now be seen on Colours TV.

Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2007–present)

Feud with The Dynasty (2007–2008)

The Young Bucks would debut for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla on June 10, 2007, in Burbank, CA at ''Roger Dorn Night'', losing to ''Arrogance'' (Chris Bosh and Scott Lost). On August 31, 2007, in Burbank, CA, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla held the first night of the 2007 Battle of Los Angeles tournament, where The Young Bucks picked up their first tag team victory in PWG by defeating Phoenix Star and Zokre, ''Los Luchas''. At the show Matt and Nick would meet Dragon Gate wrestler CIMA and Dragon Gate's American talent agent Satoshi Oji for the first time, both of whom were impressed by the brothers' performance. On January 5, 2008, The Young Bucks faced prominent Dragon Gate team Muscle Outlaw'z (Naruki Doi and Masato Yoshino) at ''All Star Weekend 6 - Night 1'' in a losing, yet impressive effort. The next night, they would lose to The Dynasty (Scott Lost and Joey Ryan). At the following show, on January 27, the Young Bucks received their first shot at the PWG World Tag Team Championship, but were once again defeated by the Dynasty. During the next two months the Young Bucks participated in the 2008 ''DDT4'' qualifier series, where they lost to T.J. Perkins and Hook Bomberry, defeated Ronin and Scorpio Sky and drew with Los Luchas, before losing a deciding four-way elimination match to Los Luchas, who then advanced to the tournament itself. Soon after, The Young Bucks would go out on their first Dragon Gate tour. Upon their return from Dragon Gate, the Young Bucks were finally able to defeat the Dynasty on July 6, 2008, at ''Life During Wartime'', PWG's fifth anniversary show, in a three-way match, which also included KAZMA and MIYAWAKI.

World Tag Team Championship reign (2008–2010)

At the following show, ''All Star Weekend 7 - Night Two'' on August 31, 2008, Matt and Nick defeated The Age of the Fall of Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black to become to the new PWG World Tag Team Champions. One of The Young Bucks' biggest accomplishments in Pro Wrestling Guerrilla came at the annual ''DDT4'' tag team tournament on May 22, 2009, in Reseda, CA, when they defended the titles three times in one night. They defeated Dustin and Brandon Cutler in the first round, Kenny Omega and Chuck Taylor in the second round and the Hybrid Dolphins (Bryan Danielson and Roderick Strong) in the final round to win the tournament. At that same event their younger brother Malachi made his PWG debut, losing to Phoenix Star. On June 1, 2009, they became the longest reigning PWG World Tag Team Champions in history, breaking the record set by ''Arrogance''. Around that time, after the Young Bucks started touring the World, the PWG crowds started turning on them. On July 31, 2009, at ''Threemendous II'', PWG's sixth anniversary show, the Young Bucks suffered their first loss in the company in sixteen months, losing a non-title match to the re-united ''2 Skinny Black Guys'' (Human Tornado and El Generico). Despite their win and the Young Bucks' wishes, Tornado and Generico never received their rematch for the titles as the following month they lost the number one contendership to ''The Men of Low Moral Fiber'' (Kenny Omega and Chuck Taylor), whom the Young Bucks would defeat for the titles on October 4 in a rematch of their ''DDT4'' semifinal match.

On November 21 at the night two of the 2009 Battle of Los Angeles The Young Bucks retained their titles over Kevin Steen and El Generico and afterwards turned heel by aligning themselves with Brian Kendrick and attacking the new PWG World Champion Kenny Omega. On January 30, 2010, at Kurt Russellmania, the first PWG show since the Bucks had signed contracts with TNA Wrestling, Matt and Nick announced that from now on they would be known by their TNA names, Max and Jeremy of Generation Me. Then they decided that Brian Kendrick didn't fit in with them and turned on him, only for him to be saved by his old tag team partner Paul London. Later in the night, the team of London and Kendrick defeated Generation Me in a non-title match. Despite the announcement made by the Young Bucks, PWG still continues to refer to them under their original team and singles names. On February 27, 2010, at ''As the Worm Turns'', Matt and Nick tied the PWG record set by the team of Super Dragon and Davey Richards by making their twelfth title defense, after successfully defending the titles against the ''2 Skinny Black Guys of Low Moral Fiber'' (Chuck Taylor and El Generico). On April 10 the Young Bucks made PWG history by making their thirteenth successful title defense against the Briscoe Brothers (Jay and Mark). On May 9 the Young Bucks entered the 2010 ''DDT4'' tournament and were for the second year in a row set to defend the Tag Team Championship three times in one night. The Bucks defeated Johnny Goodtime and Jerome Robinson in the first round and the Cutler Brothers in the semifinals of the tournament. However, in the finals of the tournament El Generico and Paul London, the team known collectively as ''¡Peligro Abejas!'', defeated the Young Bucks to not only win the tournament, but also the PWG World Tag Team Championship, ending the Bucks' reign at 616 days. During the final match Nick was knocked unconscious and suffered a concussion, but was able to finish the match.

Regaining the Tag Team Championship (2010–present)

On July 30, at PWG's seventh anniversary show, the Bucks received a rematch for the World Tag Team titles in the first ever tag team Guerrilla Warfare match, a three–way match, also involving the Cutler Brothers, where ''¡Peligro Abejas!'' ended up retaining the Championship. In the first round of the 2010 Battle of Los Angeles Matt and Nick were paired up against each other, but instead of wrestling the match, they got themselves disqualified by superkicking referee Rick Knox. Afterwards the Cutler Brothers challenged the Young Bucks to a match, in which they finally managed to defeat their arch nemesis tag team. On March 4, 2011, the Young Bucks entered the 2011 ''DDT4'' tournament, which was this time used to determine new number one contenders to the ''¡Peligro Abejas!''. In their first round match the Young Bucks defeated Brandon Gatson and Willie Mack. Later in the evening they defeated The American Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) in the semifinals and finally the Nightmare Violence Connection (Akira Tozawa and Kevin Steen) in the finals to win their second ''DDT4'' tournament and earn another shot at El Generico and Paul London. The Young Bucks received their shot on April 9, 2011, when they defeated El Generico and Ricochet, who filled in for Paul London who was unable to appear at the event, to regain the PWG World Tag Team Championship. On May 27, during the first night of ''All Star Weekend 8'', The Young Bucks made the first successful defense of their second title reign, defeating the RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma). The following night, The Young Bucks defeated Austin Aries and Roderick Strong to retain the title. On August 20, The Young Bucks defeated the Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli) in an unadvertised match to retain the PWG World Tag Team Championship.

Dragon Gate (2008–2009)

The Young Bucks would make their debut for Dragon Gate in Tokyo, Japan at the Korakuen Hall on May 14, 2008, in a match where they were defeated by Susumu Yokosuka and Ryo Saito. Their first tour of the company spanned from May 14 to June 14. Their second tour started on August 9, 2008, and ended on August 28, 2008. On September 5, 2008, the Young Bucks took part in Dragon Gate's first show in the United States, held in Los Angeles, California, where they unsuccessfully challenged Saito and Yokosuka for the Open the Twin Gate Championship. Their third and most recent tour spanned from April 15 to May 5, 2009. On May 3, 2009, in Ishikawa Matt and Nick successfully defended their PWG World Tag Team titles against Shingo Takagi and Akira Tozawa, the first time those titles had been defended in Japan. Their biggest match of the last tour took place on May 5, 2009, in Aichi, Japan at the Aichi Prefectural Gym at the ''Dead or Alive'' pay-per-view. The Young Bucks and RYOMA teamed up in a losing effort against Akira Tozawa, Kenshin Chikano and Anthony W. Mori.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2008, 2011)

On February 22, 2008, Matt Jackson appeared as a jobber on World Wrestling Entertainment's weekly television show ''SmackDown'', losing to Chuck Palumbo. He would appear in a similar role on the October 17, 2008, edition of ''SmackDown'', this time losing to the Big Show in an exhibition Last Man Standing match after going through a table. On the October 28 edition of ECW the Young Bucks portrayed Triple H and Shawn Michaels in a segment, where they were laid out by John Morrison and The Miz. On August 15, 2011, the Young Bucks wrestled a tryout match for the WWE producers prior to the ''Raw'' tapings in San Diego.

Chikara (2009–2010)

The Young Bucks made their Chikara debuts on March 27, 2009, teaming up with El Generico to form ''Team PWG'' in the annual King of Trios tournament. However, the team was eliminated in the first round by The Osirian Portal of Amasis, Ophidian and Escorpion Egipcio. The following night Matt and Nick Jackson entered the ''Rey de Voladores'' tournament, but were both eliminated in the first round four-way matches. On the third night of the tournament they took part in a tag team gauntlet match, which was won by Mike Quackenbush and Jigsaw. The Young Bucks would return to Chikara on October 17 at ''An Optimistic View of a Pessimistic World'' competing in a four-way elimination tag team match, where they were the last team eliminated by the winners The Osirian Portal of Amasis and Ophidian. The following day at ''Cibernetico Increible'' Matt and Nick joined opposing eight-man teams in the annual torneo cibernetico match. Matt scored the first elimination of the match, eliminating Green Ant, but the brothers wound up being the fifth and sixth wrestlers eliminated from the match at the hands of Quackenbush and Player Dos. The Young Bucks returned to Chikara on April 23, 2010, at the 2010 King of Trios, where they teamed up with their brother Malachi as the Jackson 3. They were, however, for the second year in a row, eliminated from the tournament in the first round, this time losing to The Future is Now (Jigsaw, Equinox and Helios). Matt and Nick wrestled the match as heels in Generation Me tights and after the match abandoned Malachi in the ring, when he wanted to shake hands with his opponents. On the third night of the tournament the Bucks were defeated by Mike Quackenbush and Jigsaw in a tag team match.

Ring of Honor (2009–2010, 2011)

Matt and Nick made their Ring of Honor debut on May 29 and May 30, 2009 at The Arena in Philadelphia, PA where they were successful both nights in regular tag team matches, defeating the teams of Sal Rinauro and Brandon Day and Silas Young and Bobby Fish, respectively, in matches taped for the June 27 and July 18 editions of Ring of Honor Wrestling on HDNet. The Bucks would pick up their thus far biggest ROH victory on September 26, 2009, at ''Glory by Honor VIII: The Final Countdown'', by defeating the, at the time, five-time ROH World Tag Team Champions the Briscoe Brothers. On December 19 at Final Battle 2009, ROH's first live pay-per-view, the Young Bucks picked up another big win, this time over former ROH World Tag Team Champions Kevin Steen and El Generico. After signing contracts with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, The Young Bucks wrestled their last HDNet tapings in January 2010, defeating The American Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) on the 8th and losing to the Briscoes in an ROH World Tag Team Title match on the 9th. On January 29 the Young Bucks wrestled their ROH farewell match, an eight man tag team match, where they teamed up with the Briscoe Brothers in a losing effort against the American Wolves and The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli). On June 1, 2010, ROH announced that the Young Bucks, now using their TNA name Generation Me, would return to the company to take part in the July 23 and 24 shows. On July 23 Generation Me was defeated in their Ring of Honor return match by the American Wolves. The following day they were defeated by the ROH World Tag Team Champions, Kings of Wrestling, in a non–title match. On June 15, 2011, ROH announced that Generation Me would return to the promotion on June 26, wrestling in a dark match at the tapings of the Best in the World 2011 pay-per-view. They would win the match following interference from the Bravado Brothers. After the Young Bucks were granted a release from TNA, Ring of Honor announced on August 24, 2011, that they would return to the promotion on September 17 at Death Before Dishonor IX.

Dragon Gate USA (2009–2010)

On July 25, 2009, the Young Bucks appeared on Dragon Gate USA's first pay-per-view Enter the Dragon in a match, where they defeated the ''Warriors-5'' of CIMA and Susumu Yokosuka. On September 6 at the second PPV titled Untouchable they were defeated in the main event by the ''Real Hazard'' of Ryo Saito and Genki Horiguchi. On November 28 at the third PPV Freedom Fight the Young Bucks wrestled in the same 6-way Open the Freedom Gate Championship tournament match, which was won by Gran Akuma. After signing contracts with TNA Wrestling, the Young Bucks made their fourth appearance for Dragon Gate USA on January 23, 2010, at Fearless, where they competed in a three-way elimination tag team match, which was won by the Muscle Outlaw'z (Naruki Doi and Masato Yoshino). They were advertised to take part in the March 26 and 27 shows in Phoenix, Arizona, but TNA made the decision to pull them from the events. However, in February TNA and Dragon Gate USA came to an agreement and the Young Bucks will be allowed to make their farewell appearances. In March the Young Bucks made their final appearances for the company, losing to CIMA, GAMMA and Dragon Kid at ''Open the Ultimate Gate'' on the 26 in a six man tag team match, where they teamed with Jack Evans and losing to Mike Quackenbush and Jigsaw in a tag team match at the tapings of ''Mercury Rising'' on the 27.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2009–2011)

Debut (2009–2010)

On December 21, 2009, the Young Bucks reached one of their personal goals as they took part in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's ''Impact!'' tapings, wrestling The Motor City Machine Guns (Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin) in a tryout dark match, which earned them the praise of TNA management. On December 26, 2009, TNA president Dixie Carter announced on her Twitter account that TNA had signed the Young Bucks to a contract. The contracts signed were one year long. The team, renamed Generation Me, made their debut on the January 14, 2010, edition of ''Impact!'', in which the brothers, renamed Max and Jeremy, defeated the Motor City Machine Guns. On the February 18 edition of ''Impact!'' Jeremy and Max were given the last name Buck. At Destination X Generation Me wrestled for the number one contendership to the TNA World Tag Team Championship in an Ultimate X match, but were defeated by the Motor City Machine Guns. Max and Jeremy spent the next months mainly wrestling singles matches. On the July 8 edition of ''Impact!'', Jeremy picked up a major singles victory, defeating X Division Champion Douglas Williams in a non-title ladder match.

Heel turn (2010–2011)

Generation Me returned to pay-per-view on September 5 at No Surrender, where they replaced London Brawling (Desmond Wolfe and Magnus) and unsuccessfully challenged the Motor City Machine Guns for the TNA World Tag Team Championship. After the match Generation Me turned heel by attacking the champions and giving Alex Shelley a storyline injury with a double rope hung DDT. On the following edition of ''Impact!'' Max and Jeremy laid claim to the TNA World Tag Team Championship, claiming that the champions wouldn't be able to defend them for 30 days, due to Shelley's injury, before stealing Sabin's title belt. Shelley would however make his return two weeks later and promised Generation Me a rematch for the World Tag Team Championship at Bound for Glory. At the pay–per–view the Motor City Machine Guns defeated Generation Me to retain the TNA World Tag Team Championship. The following month Generation Me received a new fan in Tara. After Jeremy pinned Sabin in an eight person tag team match, where Generation Me teamed with Robbie E and Cookie and the Motor City Machine Guns with Jay Lethal and Velvet Sky, on the November 18 edition of ''Impact!'', the Motor City Machine Guns challenged Generation Me to an Empty Arena match. The match took place later that same night on ''Reaction'' with the Motor City Machine Guns coming out victorious. On December 5 at Final Resolution Generation Me challenged the Motor City Machine Guns for the World Tag Team Championship in a Full Metal Mayhem match, but were once again unsuccessful in dethroning the defending champions. On December 21 Matt announced that he and his brother had agreed to one year contract extensions with TNA. The following month they signed new two–year contracts.

X Division and release (2011)

On the January 27 edition of ''Impact!'' TNA started a tournament to determine a new number one contender for X Division Champion Kazarian. In the first match of the tournament, Max Buck defeated Amazing Red and Chris Sabin in a three–way match to advance to the finals at Against All Odds. The following week Jeremy defeated Douglas Williams and Jay Lethal in another three–way match to also advance to the finals. However, both Max and Jeremy were forced to miss the finals of the tournament at Against All Odds, after failing to get to Florida due to travel issues. The following month at Victory Road, both Max and Jeremy received their shot at the X Division Championship, held by Kazarian, in an Ultimate X match, which also included Robbie E. Prior to the match, the brothers teased dissension, with Max claiming that their goal was to make him the X Division Champion. At the end of the match Jeremy and Max finally started fighting amongst themselves, but in the end both of them failed in their attempt to win the X Division Championship, as Kazarian emerged victorious to successfully retain the title. At the March 15 tapings of ''Xplosion'', the Bucks faced each other in a singles match for the first time in TNA, with Max picking up the win. Max and Jeremy faced each other in a rematch on the March 31 edition of ''Impact!'', where Max was once again victorious. On the April 7 edition of ''Impact!'', Generation Me teamed with Robbie E in a six man tag team match, where they faced Brian Kendrick, Chris Sabin and Suicide. At the end of the match, Max, thinking Jeremy was trying to steal the spotlight from him, turned on his brother, crotching him at the top tope, before dropping him to the mat with a rope hung DDT. After Kendrick had pinned Jeremy for the win, Max removed his Generation Me armband and threw it at his brother. On April 17 at Lockdown, Max defeated seven other men, including Jeremy, in an Xscape match to become the number one contender to Kazarian's X Division Championship. On the May 5 edition of ''Impact!'', Generation Me, seemingly once again on the same page as faces, came together with Amazing Red and Brian Kendrick to fight for X Division's future, after the legitimate firing of Jay Lethal. On May 15 at Sacrifice, Max failed in his attempt to win the X Division Championship from Kazarian. At the all X Division pay-per-view, Destination X on July 10, Generation Me was defeated by the team of Eric Young and Shark Boy. This would end up being their last match in TNA as the following day Matt announced that he and his brother had requested their release from their contracts with the promotion. Matt and Nick later revealed that the request stemmed from monetary issues, while also venting their frustrations with TNA's booking, noting the storyline with Tara, which went nowhere, and the quickly aborted feud between the brothers.

Personal lives

The Massies were both born in Montebello, California. Matt was born Matthew Ronjon Massie on March 13, 1985 and Nick was born Nicholas Lee Massie on July 28, 1989. Their parents are Joyce and Matthew Massie Sr. They have an older sister Donajoi Crystal (born October 3, 1982) and a younger brother Malachi Marcus (born November 14, 1990), who is also a professional wrestler. Matt and Nick were born and raised in a Christian family, living in Rancho Cucamonga, California. They stayed there for nearly 18 years before moving to Hesperia, California, where they reside to this day. Matt married his girlfriend of five years, Dana, on November 1, 2008. Nick married his long time girlfriend Ellen Montoya on April 3, 2011.

Upon the Massies' departure from TNA, former TNA World Heavyweight Champion Rob Van Dam singled them out as two younger wrestlers he felt had acted disrespectfully towards him, a claim both of the brothers later refuted. After their WWE tryout on August 15, 2011, Van Dam's friend and WWE announcer Booker T made similar accusations towards the brothers.

In wrestling

Finishing tag team moves

Double rope hung DDT – TNA

''Early–Onset Alzheimer's'' (Double or stereo superkicks to one or two opponents respectively)

''More Bang for Your Buck'' (Rolling fireman's carry slam by Matt followed by a 450° splash by Nick followed by a moonsault by Matt)

Signature tag team moves

Aided dropkick

Corkscrew neckbreaker by Matt onto Nick's knee

''Crazy Dive'' (Matt front dropkicks an opponent through the ropes, holds on, skins the cat and holds the top rope down for Nick to hit a suicide dive through his legs)

Matt powerbombs an opponent into the knees of Nick, who is seated on the top rope

''N'Sync'' (Double hip toss followed by a double back handspring into a double dropkick to the face of a seated opponent)

Springboard splash (Nick) / standing moonsault (Matt) combination

Stereo 450° splashes

Stereo dropkicks

Wheelbarrow hold by Matt into a slingshot sitout facebuster by Nick

Matt Jackson's / Max Buck's finishing moves

Diving corkscrew somersault into a cutter

Rope hung DDT – TNA

''Worst Case Scenario'' (Victory roll flipped forward into a modified wheelbarrow facebuster, as a wheelbarrow bodyscissors counter)

Nick Jackson's / Jeremy Buck's finishing moves

450° splash

Nicknames

"Mr. Instant Replay" (Matt)

"Slick Nick" (Nick)

Entrance themes

"MMMBop" by Hanson (Independent circuit)

"Generation Me" by Dale Oliver (TNA)

Championships and accomplishments

Alternative Wrestling Show

AWS Tag Team Championship (1 time)

Empire Wrestling Federation

EWF Tag Team Championship (1 time)

High Risk Wrestling

Sole Survivor Tournament (2006) – Nick Jackson

Pro Wrestling Destination

PWD Tag Team Championship (1 time, current)

Pro Wrestling Guerrilla

PWG World Tag Team Championship (2 times, current)

Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2009, 2011)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated

PWI ranked Matt Jackson #77 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2011

PWI ranked Nick Jackson #83 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2011

SoCal UNCENSORED Awards

Tag Team of the Year (2007, 2008, 2009)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter

Best Wrestling Maneuver (2009) More Bang for Your Buck

References

External links

PWG Roster Page

Matt Jackson's Dragon Gate USA Profile

Nick Jackson's Dragon Gate USA Profile

The Official Blog of Matt Jackson

The Official Generation Me Fansite

Category:Article Feedback Pilot Category:American professional wrestlers Category:Independent promotions teams and stables Category:Articles about multiple people Category:People from California Category:Ring of Honor stables and teams Category:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling teams and stables

es:Generation Me fr:Generation Me nl:The Young Bucks

name	Gary Warren Hart
nationality	American
image name	Gary hart.jpg
jr/sr	United States Senator
state	Colorado
party	Democratic
term start	January 3, 1975
term end	January 3, 1987
preceded	Peter H. Dominick
succeeded	Tim Wirth
birth date	November 28, 1936
birth place	Ottawa, Kansas
spouse	Lee Ludwig Hart
alma mater	Bethany Nazarene UniversityYale UniversitySt. Anthony's College (Oxford University) }}

Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He served as a Democratic Senator representing Colorado (1975–1987), and ran in the U.S. presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988, when he was considered a frontrunner for the Democratic nomination until various news organizations reported that he was having an extramarital affair. Since retiring from the Senate, he has emerged as a consultant on national security, and continues to speak on a wide range of issues, including the environment and homeland security. In 2001, he earned a doctorate in politics from Oxford. In 2006, Hart accepted an endowed professorship at the University of Colorado at Denver. He also serves as Chairman for Council for a Livable World. He has written or co-authored numerous books and articles, including four novels, two under the pen name John Blackthorn.

Early life and legal career

Hart was born in Ottawa, Kansas, the son of Nina (née Pritchard) and Carl Riley Hartpence, a farm equipment salesman. He changed his last name to "Hart" in 1961. He attended Bethany Nazarene College in Bethany, Oklahoma, graduating in 1958. He graduated from Yale Divinity School in 1961 and Yale Law School in 1964.

Hart became an attorney for the United States Department of Justice from 1964 to 1965, and was admitted to the Colorado and District of Columbia bars in 1965. He was special assistant to the solicitor of the United States Department of the Interior from 1965 to 1967. He then entered private law practice in Denver, Colorado on and off over the next seven years.

George McGovern's 1972 presidential campaign

Hart occasionally calls himself the inventor of the Iowa caucuses. Following the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota co-chaired a commission that revised the Democratic presidential nomination structure, weakening the influence of such old-style party bosses as Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley, who were once able to hand pick national convention delegates and dictate the way they voted. The new rules made caucuses a process in which relative newcomers could participate without paying dues to established party organizations.

In the 1972 election, McGovern named Hart his campaign manager. Along with Rick Stearns, an expert on the new system, they decided on a strategy to focus on the newly important Iowa caucuses. They predicted that a strong showing in Iowa would give the campaign momentum that would propel them toward the nomination and weaken Muskie. Indeed, the strategy worked — setting a trend of focusing on the Iowa caucuses that has continued to this day — and the McGovern campaign took advantage of the Iowa results to win the nomination. However, Hart could not steer McGovern to the presidency. In the general election, McGovern carried only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia.

United States Senator

In 1974, Hart ran for the United States Senate, challenging two-term incumbent Republican Peter Dominick. Hart was aided by the state's trend towards Democrats during the early 1970s, as well as Dominick's continued support for the unpopular President Richard Nixon and concerns about the Senator's age and health. In the general election, Hart won by a wide margin (57.2% to Dominick's 39.5%) and was immediately labeled as a rising star. He got a seat on the Armed Services Committee and was an early supporter of reforming the bidding for military contracts, and also was an advocate the military using smaller, more mobile weapons and equipment, as opposed to the traditional large scale items. He also served on the Environment and Public Work Committee and the Senate Intelligence Committee.

In 1980 he sought a second term. In something of a surprise, his Republican opponent was Colorado Secretary of State Mary Estill Buchanan. Hart distanced himself from President Jimmy Carter, who was highly unpopular in Colorado, but Buchanan ran a spirited campaign and nearly won. Hart survived the Republican landslide that year by a 51% to 49% margin.

1984 presidential campaign

In February 1983, during his second term, Hart announced his candidacy for president in the 1984 presidential election. At the time of his announcement, Hart was a little-known senator and barely received above one percent in the polls against better-known candidates such as Walter Mondale, John Glenn, and Jesse Jackson. To counter this situation, Hart started campaigning early in New Hampshire, making a then-unprecedented canvassing tour in late September, months before the primary. This strategy attracted national media attention to his campaign, and by late 1983, he had risen moderately in the polls to the middle of the field, mostly at the expense of the sinking candidacies of Glenn and Alan Cranston. Mondale won the Iowa caucus in late January, but Hart polled a respectable 16 percent. Two weeks later, in the New Hampshire primary, he shocked much of the party establishment and the media by defeating Mondale by 10 percentage points. Hart instantly became the main challenger to Mondale for the nomination, and appeared to have the momentum on his side.

However, Hart's campaign could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart was chronically in debt, to a final count of $4.75 million. In states like Illinois, where delegates were elected directly by primary voters, Hart often had incomplete delegate slates. Hart's ideas were criticized as too vague and centrist by many Democrats. Shortly after he became the new frontrunner, it was revealed that Hart had changed his last name, had often listed 1937 instead of 1936 as his birth date, and had changed his signature several times. This, along with two separations from his wife, Lee, caused some to question Hart's "flake factor". Nonetheless, he and his wife have remained married for 50 years.

The two men swapped victories in the primaries, with Hart getting exposure as a candidate with "new ideas" and Mondale rallying the party establishment to his side. The two men fought to a draw in the Super Tuesday, with Hart winning states in the West, Florida, and New England. Mondale fought back and began ridiculing Hart's campaign platform. The most famous television moment of the campaign was during a debate when he mocked Hart's "new ideas" by quoting a line from a popular Wendy's television commercial at the time: "Where's the beef?" Hart's campaign could not effectively counter this remark, and when he ran negative TV commercials against Mondale in the Illinois primary, his appeal as a new kind of Democrat never entirely recovered. Hart lost the New York and Pennsylvania primaries, but won those of Ohio and Indiana.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but the race was not decided until June, on "Super Tuesday III". Decided that day were delegates from five states: South Dakota, New Mexico, West Virginia, California and New Jersey. The proportional nature of delegate selection meant that Mondale was likely to obtain enough delegates on that day to secure the stated support of an overall majority of delegates, and hence the nomination, no matter who actually "won" the states contested. However, Hart maintained that unpledged superdelegates that had previously claimed support for Mondale would shift to his side if he swept the Super Tuesday III primary. Once again, Hart committed a ''faux pas'', insulting New Jersey shortly before the primary day. Campaigning in California, he remarked that while the "bad news" was that he and his wife Lee had to campaign separately, "[t]he good news for her is that she campaigns in California while I campaign in New Jersey." Compounding the problem, when his wife interjected that she "got to hold a koala bear", Hart replied that "I won't tell you what I got to hold: samples from a toxic waste dump." While Hart won California, he lost New Jersey after leading in polls by as much as 15 points.

By the time the final primaries concluded, Mondale had a considerable lead in total delegates, though he was 40 delegates short of clinching victory. Superdelegates voted overwhelmingly for Mondale at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco on July 16, making him the presidential nominee. Hart, already aware that the nomination was all but Mondale's after the final primaries, lobbied for the Vice Presidential slot on the ticket, claiming that he would do better than Mondale against President Ronald Reagan (an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president). While Hart was given serious consideration, Mondale chose Geraldine Ferraro instead.

Nonetheless, this race for the nomination was the closest in two generations, and it has been the most recent occasion that a major party presidential nomination has gone all the way to the convention. Mondale was later defeated in a landslide by the incumbent Reagan, winning only his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. Many felt that Hart and other similar candidates, younger and more independent-minded, represented the future of the party.

1988 presidential campaign and the Donna Rice affair

Hart declined to run for re-election to the Senate, leaving office when his second term expired with the intent of running for president again. In January 1987, he was the clear frontrunner for the Democratic nomination in the 1988 election. Hart officially declared his candidacy on April 13, 1987. Rumors began circulating nearly immediately that Hart was having an extramarital affair. In an interview that appeared in the ''New York Times'' on May 3, 1987, Hart responded to the rumors by daring the press corps: "Follow me around. I don't care. I'm serious. If anybody wants to put a tail on me, go ahead. They'll be very bored." The ''Miami Herald'' had been investigating Hart's alleged womanizing for weeks before the "dare" appeared in the ''New York Times''. Two reporters from the ''Miami Herald'' had staked out his residence and observed a young woman leaving Hart's Washington, D.C., townhouse on the evening of May 2. The ''Herald'' published the story on May 3, the same day Hart's dare appeared in print, and the scandal spread rapidly through the national media. Hart and his allies attacked the ''Herald'' for rushing the story into print, claiming that it had unfairly judged the situation without finding out the facts. Hart said that the reporters had not watched both entrances to his home and could not have seen when the young woman entered and left the building. The ''Miami Herald'' reporter had flown to Washington, D.C. on the same flight as the woman, identified as 29-year-old model Donna Rice. Hart was overwhelmed with questions regarding his views on marital infidelity. His wife, Lee, supported his position that the relationship with the young woman was innocent. A poll of voters in New Hampshire for the New Hampshire primary showed that Hart's support had dropped in half, from 32% to 17%, placing him suddenly ten points behind Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis.

On May 5, the ''Herald'' received a further tip that Hart had spent a night in Bimini on a yacht called the ''Monkey Business'' with a woman who was not his wife. The ''Herald'' obtained a photograph of Hart sitting on a dock wearing a ''Monkey Business'' T-shirt, with Rice sitting on his lap. The photograph did not appear in print until it was published on the cover of the ''National Enquirer'' on June 2, 1987. On May 8, 1987, a week after the story broke, Hart dropped out of the race. At a press conference, he lashed out at the media, saying "I said that I bend, but I don't break, and believe me, I'm not broken." A Gallup Poll found that nearly two-thirds (64 percent) of the U.S. respondents it surveyed thought the media treatment of Hart was "unfair." A little over half (53 percent) responded that marital infidelity had little to do with a president's ability to govern.

Not everyone was impressed with Hart's diatribe against the press. Television writer Paul Slansky noted that Hart had tried to deflect blame for his downfall from himself to the media, and that he offered no apology to betrayed supporters who now suddenly had to find other candidates to back. To many observers, the press conference was redolent of Richard Nixon's "Last Press Conference" of November 7, 1962, in which Nixon blamed the media for his loss in the 1962 California gubernatorial election. Hart, in fact, received a letter from Nixon himself commending him for "handling a very difficult situation uncommonly well".

Former National Security Council member Roger Morris suggests in his book ''Partners in Power, the Clintons and Their America'' that the alleged Hart-Rice sex scandal was really an intelligence operation to deny Hart the presidency. CIA agent Chip Tatum claims to have been tasked with "neutralizing" Hart. Hart's biggest offense, according to Morris, was his advocacy of "further investigation and exposure of the alliance between the mob and the US intelligence community." The Miami Herald's account of how it researched and produced the Gary Hart-Donna Rice story was said to be closely examined by investigative reporters from the national media after allegations were made that the story may have been initiated by conspirators to eliminate Hart as a viable candidate. Since then, no story has ever been published by the national media challenging The Herald's account of how one of Ms Rice's own girl friends called the paper with the original tip that Rice was planning to meet with Hart at his home in Washington. According to The Herald, after the original tip, no one outside The Herald's reporting team influenced the surveillance and reporting that produced the story.

In December 1987, Hart returned to the race, declaring "Let's let the people decide!" He competed in the New Hampshire primary and received 4,888 votes, approximately four percent. After the Super Tuesday contests on March 8, he withdrew from the campaign a second time.

Later career

After his Senate service and presidential races, Hart resumed his law practice. He remained moderately active in politics, serving on the bipartisan US Commission on National Security/21st Century, also known as the Hart–Rudman Commission, commissioned on behalf of Bill Clinton in 1998 to study U.S. homeland security. The commission issued several findings calling for broad changes to security policy, but none was implemented until after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. He earned a D.Phil. in politics from the University of Oxford in 2001, where he was a member of St Antony's College.

In late 2002, urged by former Oxford classmates, Hart began testing the waters for another run for the presidency, launching a website at GaryHartNews.com and a related speaking tour to gauge reactions from the public. He started his own blog in the spring of 2003, the first prospective presidential candidate to do so. After a few months of speaking, Hart decided not to run for president and instead endorsed Democrat John Kerry. According to an October 23, 2004 ''National Journal'' article and later reports in the ''Washington Post'', Hart was mentioned as a probable Cabinet appointment if Kerry won the presidency. He was considered a top candidate for either Director of National Intelligence, Secretary of Homeland Security, or Secretary of Defense.

Since May 2005 he has been a contributing blogger at The Huffington Post. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (better known as the CFR). Hart also sits on the Advisory Board of Operation USA, a Los Angeles-based international relief and development agency. It was announced in January 2006 that Hart will hold an endowed professorship at the University of Colorado. He is the author of ''James Monroe'', part of the Times Books series on American presidents, ISBN 0-8050-6960-7, published in October 2005. Hart is an Honorary Fellow of the Literary & Historical Society of University College Dublin. He is an Advisory Board member for the Partnership for a Secure America, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy.

In September 2007, The Huffington Post published Hart's letter, "Unsolicited Advice to the Government of Iran", in which he stated that "Provocation is no longer required to take America to war" and warns Iran that "for the next sixteen months or so, you should not only not take provocative actions, you should not seem to be doing so." He went on to suggest that the Bush-Cheney administration was waiting for an opportunity to attack Iran. ("Don't give a certain vice president we know the justification he is seeking to attack your country.")

Hart linked American energy policy with national security in an essay published in ''5280'', the Denver city magazine, in November 2007. Hart wrote, "In fact, we do have an energy policy: It’s to continue to import more than half our oil and sacrifice American lives so we can drive our Humvees. This is our current policy, and it is massively immoral." Hart currently sits on the board of directors for the Energy Literacy Advocates. He founded the American Security Project in 2007 and he started a new blog, "Matters of Principle", in 2009. He and his wife, Lee, are residents of Kittredge, Colorado. He had also appeared as himself on an episode of ''Cheers'' (episode 425; "Strange Bedfellows part 2").

Publications

''The Thunder and the Sunshine: Four Seasons in a Burnished Life'' (Fulcrum Publishing, 2010);

''Under The Eagle's Wing: A National Security Strategy of the United States for 2009'' (Speaker's Corner, 2008);

''The Courage of Our Convictions: A Manifesto for Democrats by Gary Hart'' (Time Books/Henry Holt, 2006);

''The Shield and The Cloak: The Security of the Commons'' (Oxford University Press, 2006);

''God and Caesar in America: an essay on religion and politics'' (Fulcrum Books, 2005);

''The Presidency of James Monroe, in the American Presidency series edited by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.'' (Time Books/Henry Holt, 2005);

''The Fourth Power: a new grand strategy for the United States in the 21st century'' (Oxford University Press, 2004);

''Restoration of the Republic: the Jeffersonian Ideal in 21st Century America'' (2002), for which he received a D. Phil. degree from Oxford University;

''The Minuteman: Restoring an Army of the People'' (1998);

''The Patriot: An Exhortation to Liberate America from the Barbarians'' (1996);

''The Good Fight: The Education of an American Reformer'' (a New York Times Notable Book) (1995);

''Russia Shakes the World: The Second Russian Revolution'' (1991);

''America Can Win: The Case for Military Reform'' (1985);

''A New Democracy : new approaches to the challenges of the 1980s'' (1983);

''Right from the Start: A Chronicle of the McGovern Campaign'' (1973);

Four novels:

''I, Che Guevara'' (2000) (under the pseudonym John Blackthorn)

''Sins of the Fathers'' (1999) (under the pseudonym John Blackthorn)

''The Strategies of Zeus'' (1985)

T''he Double Man'' (with former Senator and Secretary of Defense William Cohen, 1984)

In January 2000, Hart revealed that he is the political thriller writer John Blackthorn, whose books include ''Sins of the Fathers'' and ''I, Che Guevara''.

Electoral history

Colorado United States Senate election, 1974 (Democratic primary):

Gary Hart – 81,161 (39.92%)

Herrick S. Roth – 66,819 (32.86%)

Martin P. Miller – 55,339 (27.22%)

Colorado United States Senate election, 1974

Gary Hart (D) – 471,688 (57.23%)

Peter H. Dominick (R) (inc.) – 325,526 (39.50%)

John M. King (I) – 16,131 (1.96%)

Joseph Fred Hyskell (Prohibition) – 8,404 (1.02%)

Henry John Olshaw (Independent American) – 2,394 (0.29%)

Colorado United States Senate election, 1980:

Gary Hart (D) (inc.) – 590,501 (50.34%)

Mary E. Buchanan (R) – 571,295 (48.70%)

Earl Higgerson (Prohibition) – 7,265 (0.62%)

Henry John Olshaw (I) – 4,081 (0.35%)

1984 Democratic presidential primaries:

Walter Mondale – 6,952,912 (38.32%)

Gary Hart – 6,504,842 (35.85%)

Jesse Jackson – 3,282,431 (18.09%)

John Glenn – 617,909 (3.41%)

George McGovern – 334,801 (1.85%)

Unpledged delegates – 146,212 (0.81%)

Lyndon LaRouche – 123,649 (0.68%)

Reubin O'Donovan Askew – 52,759 (0.29%)

Alan Cranston – 51,437 (0.28%)

Ernest Hollings – 33,684 (0.19%)

1984 Democratic National Convention:

Walter Mondale – 2,191 (56.41%)

Gary Hart – 1,201 (30.92%)

Jesse Jackson – 466 (12.00%)

Thomas Eagleton – 18 (0.46%)

George McGovern – 4 (0.10%)

John Glenn – 2 (0.05%)

Joe Biden – 1 (0.03%)

Martha Kirkland – 1 (0.03%)

1988 Democratic presidential primaries:

Michael Dukakis – 9,898,750 (42.47%)

Jesse Jackson – 6,788,991 (29.13%)

Al Gore – 3,185,806 (13.67%)

Dick Gephardt – 1,399,041 (6.00%)

Paul M. Simon – 1,082,960 (4.65%)

Gary Hart – 415,716 (1.78%)

Unpledged delegates – 250,307 (1.07%)

Bruce Babbitt – 77,780 (0.33%)

Lyndon LaRouche – 70,938 (0.30%)

David Duke – 45,289 (0.19%)

James Traficant – 30,879 (0.13%)

Douglas Applegate – 25,068 (0.11%)

1988 Democratic National Convention:

Michael Dukakis – 2,877 (70.09%)

Jesse Jackson – 1,219 (29.70%)

Richard Stallings – 3 (0.07%)

Joe Biden – 2 (0.05%)

Dick Gephardt – 2 (0.05%)

Lloyd Bentsen – 1 (0.02%)

Gary Hart – 1 (0.02%)

In popular culture

In the final chapter of Stephen King's Dark Tower series, The Dark Tower, the character Susannah Dean travels to an alternate 1980s New York City where Gary Hart is President.

See also

Atari Democrat

Buie Seawell

References

Further reading

Clinton, Bill (2005). ''My Life''. Vintage. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.

External links

Source material: Biographical Database of the U.S. Congress: HART, Gary Warren, 1936–

Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:American campaign managers Category:American political writers Category:Colorado Democrats Category:Democratic Party United States Senators Category:People from Colorado Category:People from Franklin County, Kansas Category:Southern Nazarene University alumni Category:United States presidential candidates, 1984 Category:United States presidential candidates, 1988 Category:United States Senators from Colorado Category:Yale Divinity School alumni Category:Yale Law School alumni

es:Gary Hart fr:Gary Hart it:Gary Hart pl:Gary Hart ru:Харт, Гэри fi:Gary Hart sv:Gary Hart

name	Miranda Hart
birthname	Miranda Katharine Hart Dyke
birth date	December 14, 1972
birth place	Torquay, Devon, England
occupation	Comedienne, writer, actress
influences	Morecambe and Wise
website	mirandahart.com
height
parents	David Hart DykeDiana Margaret Luce
relatives	Tom Hart Dyke (cousin)The Rt Hon Lord Luce (uncle)Sir William Luce (grandfather)
television	''Hyperdrive''''Monday Monday''''Not Going Out''''Miranda''
nationality	British
alma mater	}}

Miranda Katharine Hart Dyke, known professionally as Miranda Hart, (born 14 December 1972) is an English actress, writer and stand-up comedienne. She writes and stars in the BBC sitcom ''Miranda''. She also appeared in ''French and Saunders'', the BBC television series ''Hyperdrive'' and her semi-autobiographical sitcom ''Miranda Hart's Joke Shop'' on BBC Radio 2.

Early life

Born in Torquay, Devon to Royal Navy officer David Hart Dyke and Diana Margaret Luce, Hart grew up in Petersfield, Hampshire. She was educated at Downe House, Berkshire, an independent girls' boarding school, where she was a contemporary and friend of the sports presenter Clare Balding, who was head girl. She graduated with upper second-class honours in politics at the University of the West of England, followed by training at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts. Despite studying politics, she always wanted to be a comedienne. In 2002, she did a solo show in Edinburgh, and in 2004 she pitched a comedy show to the BBC. At her read-through for BBC executives, Jennifer Saunders was there, laughing throughout.

While appearing on ''Frank Skinner's Opinionated'' in 2010, she stated that she was from an upper-class background, but hated saying that and did not consider herself upper-class. She added that her family tree has been traced back to the 12th century, and that her aunt and uncle live in a castle that they cannot afford to run.

Live performance

Avoiding the normal stand-up circuit for more character-based comedy, including an appearance in the Edinburgh and touring show ''The Sitcom Trials'', Hart has written her own theatre material for the Edinburgh Fringe. Her one-woman shows include ''Miranda Hart – Throbs'', ''It's All About Me'' and ''Miranda Hart's House Party''. She also performed in Alecky Blythe's 2006 play ''Cruising'' at the Bush Theatre. In 2010 she and six other TV celebrities raised over £1 million for charity by cycling from John O'Groats to Land's End.

Television and film

Hart starred as Teal in two series of the BBC television comedy sci-fi series ''Hyperdrive'', which ran from January 2006 to August 2007. She has also appeared in ''French & Saunders'', ''My Family and Other Animals'', ''Nighty Night'', ''Absolutely Fabulous'', ''The Vicar of Dibley'', ''Lead Balloon'', ''William and Mary'', ''Smack the Pony'' (for which she wrote and performed in a couple of sketches and a number of video diaries), ''Not Going Out'' and ''Stupid!'' She appeared in the third series of ''Comic Relief does Fame Academy'' in 2007, and became the second contestant to be voted off the show. In 2009, she appeared in the last ever sketch from ''French and Saunders'', also in aid of Comic Relief.

Hart appeared in a short film by Tim Plester ''World of Wrestling'' in which she played Klondyke Kate, a wrestler billed as 'hell in boots'. The film was released in late 2007 alongside its companion shorts ''Blakes Junction 7'' and ''Ant Muzak''.

In 2006, she appeared in an episode of ''Not Going Out'' as an acupuncturist. Her performance impressed the producers so much that they wrote a regular role for her in the next series as clumsy cleaner Barbara; a part she continued to play until 2009. However, due to a busy filming schedule, the character did not return for the fourth series, aired in 2011.

In 2007 Miranda played the part of Shelley a Min Cab Driver in Channel 5 Comedy Angelos which ran for 6 episodes

In 2008, she recorded the pilot episode of ''Miranda'' for BBC Two. The sitcom is based on her semi-autobiographical writing which went on to become a radio series, ''Miranda Hart's Joke Shop'' on BBC Radio 2. On 9 November 2009 ''Miranda'', nominated "one of the top 10 forthcoming TV shows for Autumn 2009" by ''The Sunday Times'', began transmission on BBC Two. She appeared as guest host of ''Have I Got News for You'' in October 2009. She also presented a BBC spoof programme looking back over 2009 called ''2009 Unwrapped with Miranda Hart''. A similar show looking back over 2010 was also broadcast in December 2010.

She has also appeared twice on ''Strictly Come Dancing:It Takes Two''. She is a fan of the series ''Strictly Come Dancing''.

Miranda Hart has appeared in the TV series ''Monday Monday'' starring Fay Ripley: Miranda played the role of "Tall Karen". She appeared in a T.V. advert for Alpen.

In the final quarter of 2009, Heather Small's back catalogue sales increased by 73% as a result of frequent references to her hit single "Proud" in ''Miranda'.

In 2010 she appeared in the final of ''Old Dears Club'' as snooty receptionist Beverly Gates.

The second series of ''Miranda'' began on BBC2 in November 2010. The series ended with a viewing high of 4.1m and has been re-commissioned by the BBC for another two series to air in 2011 and 2012. Hart was described in the ''FT'' as "the most original and farcically hilarious female clown since Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders.

A ''Miranda'' mini-episode set in the world of ''Pineapple Dance Studios'' was filmed and broadcast on 18 March as part of Comic Relief. Miranda Hart also took part in a Red Nose Day edition of MasterChef, which she won. Also for Comic Relief 2011, Hart starred as a judge for the finale of ''Let's Dance for Comic Relief'', alongside Rufus Hound and Louie Spence. She also gave a signed Miranda script to be auctioned in aid of Comic Relief.

In 2012 Miranda will be playing Chummy in ''Call the Midwife'' on BBC1.

Awards

In 2010 she won the Best Comedy Performance award from the Royal Television Society for her performance in ''Miranda'', and was also nominated for best comedy writing. She and Patricia Hodge were both nominated for "Best Comedy Actress" awards at the Monte-Carlo TV Festival 2010.

In 2011 she won "Best Comedy Actress" and "People’s Choice Award For The King Or Queen Of Comedy" in the British Comedy Awards 2011, where ''Miranda'' also won "Best New British TV Comedy" and was nominated for "Best Sitcom"

In 2011 she has been nominated for a BAFTA for Best actress in a comedy role and her hit BBC2 sitcom Miranda has been nominated for the Bafta YouTube choice award which is the only award voted for by the public

Personal life and family

Hart's father is retired Royal Navy officer Captain David Hart Dyke CBE LVO RN who was commanding officer of ''HMS Coventry'' when it was sunk by the Argentinians in the 1982 Falklands conflict, as a result of which he was badly burned trying to escape the stricken warship. His later career saw him serving as Aide-de-Camp to HM The Queen, 1988-9. He retired from active naval service in 1990 with the rank of Captain (OF-5). He used his transcripts to write a book chronicling the events surrounding ''Coventry'''s sinking. The work, published in 2008, is titled ''Four Weeks in May: A Captain's Story of War at Sea''.

Her mother is Diana Margaret Hart Dyke née Luce, the daughter of Sir William Luce GBE KCMG OBE (1907-1977), who was the British Governor and Commander in Chief of Aden, 1956-60.

Hart's uncle is The Rt Hon Lord Luce KG GCVO PC DL, a former Conservative MP and minister, who has since been HM Governor and Commander in Chief of Gibraltar (1997–2000) and Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, 2000-2006.

On her mother's side, her great-grandfather was Vice Admiral Sir Trevylyan Napier KCB MVO, who was the Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station (1919-1920), while her great-great-grandfather was Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, 3rd Baronet, who was the Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom (1901-1920).

Her great-uncle and the brother of her maternal grandfather was Admiral Sir David Luce GCB DSO & Bar OBE, who served as First Sea Lord.

Her great-great-uncle was Major-General Sir Richard Harman Luce KCMG CB, who served as Member of Parliament for Derby from 1924-1929.

Hart's 1st cousin is modern-day plant hunter Tom Hart Dyke.

Hart has a sister, Alice Louisa Hart Dyke (born 1975).

References

External links

Miranda Hart's official website

Miranda Hart on Twitter

Miranda Hart's agent

Miranda Hart interview recorded at BAFTA London – June 2011

Category:1972 births Category:21st-century actors Category:21st-century women writers Category:Alumni of the University of the West of England Category:People educated at Downe House School Category:English comedians Category:English film actors Category:English television actors Category:English television producers Category:English television writers Category:Fame Academy participants Category:Living people Category:People from Torquay Category:Women comedians

nl:Miranda Hart

name	Tampa Red
background	solo_singer
birth name	Hudson Woodbridge
born	January 08, 1904
died	March 19, 1981
origin	Smithville, Georgia, United States
instrument	PianoGuitarKazooVocals
genre	Slide guitarChicago blues
years active	1920s – 1960s
associated acts	Tampa Red and His Chicago Five
notable instruments	}}

Tampa Red (January 8, 1904 - March 19, 1981), born Hudson Woodbridge but known from childhood as Hudson Whittaker, was an influential American musician.

Tampa Red is best known as an accomplished and influential blues guitarist who had a unique single-string slide style. His songwriting and his silky, polished "bottleneck" technique influenced other leading Chicago blues guitarists, such as Big Bill Broonzy and Robert Nighthawk, as well as Muddy Waters, Elmore James, Mose Allison and many others. In a career spanning over 30 years he also recorded pop, R&B; and hokum records. His best known recordings include the "classic compositions 'Anna Lou Blues', 'Black Angel Blues', 'Crying Won't Help You', 'It Hurts Me Too', and 'Love Her with a Feeling'".

Biography

He was born Hudson Woodbridge in Smithville, Georgia. His parents died when he was a child, and he moved to Tampa, Florida, where he was raised by his aunt and grandmother and adopted their surname, Whittaker. He emulated his older brother, Eddie, who played guitar, and he was especially inspired by an old street musician called Piccolo Pete, who first taught him to play blues licks on a guitar.

In the 1920s, having already perfected his slide technique, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, and began his career as a musician, adopting the name 'Tampa Red' from his childhood home and light colored skin. His big break was being hired to accompany Ma Rainey and he began recording in 1928 with "It's Tight Like That", in a bawdy and humorous style that became known as "hokum". Early recordings were mostly collaborations with Thomas A. Dorsey, known at the time as Georgia Tom. Tampa Red and Georgia Tom recorded almost 90 sides, sometimes as "The Hokum Boys" or, with Frankie Jaxon, as "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band".

In 1928, Tampa Red became the first black musician to play a National steel-bodied resonator guitar, the loudest and showiest guitar available before amplification, acquiring one in the first year they were available. This allowed him to develop his trademark bottleneck style, playing single string runs, not block chords, which was a precursor to later blues and rock guitar soloing. The National guitar he used was a gold-plated tricone, which was found in Illinois in the 1990s by music-shop owner and guitarist Randy Clemens and later sold to the "Experience Music Project" in Seattle. Tampa Red was known as "The Man With The Gold Guitar", and, into the 1930s, he was billed as "The Guitar Wizard".

His partnership with Dorsey ended in 1932, but he remained much in demand as a session musician, working with John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson, Memphis Minnie, Big Maceo, and many others. In 1934 he signed for Victor Records, remaining on their artist roster until 1953. He formed the Chicago Five, a group of session musicians who created what became known as the Bluebird sound, a precursor of the small group style of later jump blues and rock and roll bands. He was a close friend and associate of Big Bill Broonzy and Big Maceo Merriweather. He enjoyed commercial success and reasonable prosperity, and his home became a centre for the blues community, informally providing rehearsal space, bookings, and lodgings for the flow of musicians who arrived in Chicago from the Mississippi Delta as the commercial potential of blues music grew and agricultural employment in the south diminished.

By the 1940s he was playing electric guitar. In 1942 "Let Me Play With Your Poodle" was a # 4 hit on ''Billboard'''s new "Harlem Hit Parade", forerunner of the R&B; chart, and his 1949 recording "When Things Go Wrong with You (It Hurts Me Too)", another R&B; hit, was covered by Elmore James. He was 'rediscovered' in the late 1950s, like many other surviving early recorded blues artists such as Son House and Skip James, as part of the blues revival. His final recordings were in 1960.

He became an alcoholic after his wife's death in 1953. He died destitute in Chicago, aged 77.

Discography

Tampa Red was one of the most prolific blues recording artists of his era. It has been estimated that he recorded 335 songs on 78 rpm records, with 251 recorded between 1928 and 1942, making him the blues artist with the most recordings during that period. The bulk of his singles were released before ''Billboard'' magazine began tracking blues (and other "race music") in October 1942 and accurate sales records are not available. However, Red had four singles that placed in the R&B; top ten between 1942 and 1951.

Selected singles

For some of his earlier songs, Tampa Red recorded additional versions (usually designated "No. 2", "No. 3", etc.) or under a different name with collaborators ("Hokum Boys", "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band", Papa Too Sweet, et al.). Songs with additional versions are marked with a "⁺".

Date	Title	Label & Cat. no.	Comments
	"It's Tight Like That"
"How Long, How Long Blues"	Vocalion 1228+	as "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band"
	"The Duck's Yas-Yas-Yas"	Vocalion 1277	with Dorsey
"You've Got to Reap What You Sow"	Vocalion 1404	slide-guitar instrumental
"Corrine Corrina"	Vocalion 1450+	with Dorsey
1930	"The Dirty Dozen #2"	Vocalion 1538
1931	"Things 'bout Coming My Way"	Vocalion 1637+
1932	"You Can't Get That Stuff No More"	Vocalion 1706	with Dorsey
		Vocalion 2720+
"Black Angel Blues"	Vocalion 2753
"Mean Mistreater Blues"
1938	"Love with a Feeling"	Bluebird 7822	with Black Bob Hudson (piano) & unknown (bass)
	"It Hurts Me Too"	Bluebird 8635	with Blind John Davis (piano) & unknown (bass)
"Anna Lou Blues"	Bluebird 8654	with Davis & bass
"Don't You Lie to Me"	Bluebird 8654	with Davis & bass
1942	"Let Me Play with Your Poodle"	Bluebird 0700	reached #4 in Billboard R&B; chart, with Big Maceo Merriweather (piano) & Clifford Jones (drums)
1945	"Detroit Blues"	Bluebird 0731	R&B; #5, with combo (piano, bass, & drums)
1946	"Crying Won't Help You"	RCA Victor 20-1988	with combo
1949		RCA Victor 22-0035	R&B; #9, remake of "It Hurts Me Too", with combo
1950		RCA Victor 22-0084	remake of "Love with a Feeling", with combo
	"Sweet Little Angel"	RCA Victor 22-0107	remake of "Black Angel Blues", with combo
	RCA Victor 22-0123	with combo
"Pretty Baby Blues"	RCA Victor 22-0136	R&B; #7, with combo

Tampa Red also appeared as a sideman on recordings by Big Maceo Merriweather, Sonny Boy Williamson I, Memphis Minnie, Ma Rainey, and Victoria Spivey.

Selected albums

Although he was a prolific singles artist, Tampa Red only recorded two albums, which were released late in his career. Various compilation albums have been released since his death by a number of record companies. Often there is significant overlap, but some compilations focus on certain aspects of his style or original record labels.

Date	Title	Label	Comments
	''Don't Tampa with the Blues''		recorded 1960
''Don't Jive Me''	Bluesville	recorded 1961
1974	''Bottleneck Guitar 1928–1937''
1991–93	''Complete Recorded Works in Chronological Order Vol. 1–15''		recorded 1928–53
1993	''Keep Jumping 1944–1952''	Wolf
	''Tampa Red (1928–1942)	Story of the Blues
''The Guitar Wizard''		Tampa Red at Find a Grave [ AllMusic biography] Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia Big Bands Database Plus "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band" National Reso-phonic Guitar History E-notes biography [[Category:1904 births">Okeh Records
''It Hurts Me Too – The Essential Recordings''	Indigo	various labels 1928–42
	''The Complete Bluebird Recordings 1934–1936''
''The Bluebird Recordings 1936–1938''	RCA
2001	''The Essential''	Classic Blues	recorded 1928–51
2002	''Slide Guitar Classics''

References

''Tampa Red: The Essential'' CD booklet

External links

Tampa Red at Find a Grave

[ AllMusic biography]

Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia

Big Bands Database Plus "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band"

National Reso-phonic Guitar History

E-notes biography

[[Category:1904 births Category:1981 deaths Category:People from Lee County, Georgia Category:American blues guitarists Category:American blues singers Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees Category:Slide guitarists Category:Chicago blues musicians Category:RCA Victor artists Category:Vocalion Records artists Category:Acoustic blues musicians

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