- published: 03 Nov 2016
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The francisca (or francesca) is a throwing axe used as a weapon during the Early Middle Ages by the Franks, among whom it was a characteristic national weapon at the time of the Merovingians from about 500 to 750 and is known to have been used during the reign of Charlemagne (768–814). Although generally associated with the Franks, it was also used by other Germanic peoples of the period, including the Anglo-Saxons; several examples have been found in England.
The term francisca first appeared in the book Etymologiarum sive originum, libri XVIII by Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636) as a name used in Hispania to refer to these weapons "because of their use by the Franks".
The historian Gregory of Tours (c. 538–594) in his History of the Franks uses two Latin terms for the Frankish axe: securis and bipennis.
The régime of Vichy France used the image of a stylised double-headed francisque as part of its iconography (compare fasces).
The francisca is characterized by its distinctly arch-shaped head, widening toward the cutting edge and terminating in a prominent point at both the upper and lower corners. The top of the head is usually either S-shaped or convex with the lower portion curving inward and forming an elbow with the short wooden haft. Sometimes the head is more upswept, forming a wider angle with the haft. Most franciscas have a round or teardrop-shaped eye designed to fit the tapered haft, similar to Viking axes. Based on the measurements of modern replicas, the francisca had a haft length of around 40–45 cm (16–18 in) and a 10 cm (4 in) cutting edge with an average weight of around 600 g (21 oz, 1.3 lb). Based on surviving heads of franciscas recovered at Burgh Castle and Morning Thorpe in county Norfolk, England, the length of the head itself measured 14–15 cm (5–6 in) from the edge to the back of the socket.
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and with vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping, and there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."
Romania is a European country with a multicultural music environment which includes active ethnic music scenes. Romania also has thriving scenes in the fields of pop music, hip hop, heavy metal and rock and roll. During the first decade of the 21st century some Europop groups/artists, such as Tom Boxer, Morandi, Nicolae Guță, Connect-R, Akcent, Edward Maya, Alexandra Stan, Inna and Yarabi, achieved success abroad. Traditional Romanian folk music remains popular, and some folk musicians have come to national (and even international) fame.
Folk music is the oldest form of Romanian musical creation, characterised by great vitality; it is the defining source of the cultured musical creation, both religious and lay. Conservation of Romanian folk music has been aided by a large and enduring audience, and by numerous performers who helped propagate and further develop the folk sound. One of them, Gheorghe Zamfir, is famous throughout the world today, and helped popularize a traditional Romanian folk instrument, the panpipes.
Pacha Man (born Călin Nicorici, 21 July 1976 in Timişoara, Romania) is a reggae musician. He is one of the first Romanian artists to pursue a career as a reggae artist and the first to release a professionally produced album in this genre. He is well known for his aggressive style and trademark Patois-Romanian mixture approach to songwriting.
Pacha Man was born in 1976 in Timişoara, Romania, the city where he also spent most of his childhood. His father emigrated to Canada in 1981, leaving a young Pacha Man with a diminishing interest in education and an eager wish to earn his existence. He followed his father's footsteps at the age of 14, in 1990, when he left for Canada, a country that would become his home for the next seven years while he also spent various amounts of time in New York and Miami. He got his start in writing lyrics and making music while observing the African immigrants' habits in Canada and the United States. He returned to Romania in 1997, father of one with his first wife, a Colombian immigrant he met while living in Canada. He also studied law for 3 years in New York. While in the United States, Nicorici was incarcerated for 3 years for robbery and assault after which he was deported back to Romania in 1997.
Actors: Valeria Sarmiento (editor), Melvil Poupaud (actor), Marcello Urgeghe (actor), Ricardo Pereira (actor), Raoul Ruiz (director), Paulo Branco (producer), Adriano Luz (actor), José Afonso Pimentel (actor), Jorge Arriagada (composer), Rui Morrison (actor), Albano Jerónimo (actor), Miguel Monteiro (actor), Malik Zidi (actor), Maria João Bastos (actress), Sofia Aparício (actress),
Genres: Drama, Mystery,Actors: Diego Muñoz (actor), Joaquin Mora (director), Joaquin Mora (writer), Joaquin Mora (producer), Patricio Ochoa (actor), Patricio Ochoa (producer), Francisca Benedetti (actress), Gonzalo Pavez (editor), Sofa Garcia (actress), Macarena Dominguez (writer), Julian Pena (composer), Felipe Gonzales (editor),
Plot: Patricio wants time alone with Francisca while she tries to forget her recent heartbreak. Sofia, a sexy hitchhiker, just wants a little distraction on her aimless journey. In a beautiful beach house on the Chilean coast, three twentysomethings are about to get much more than they expected.
Genres: Drama,Actors: Desmond Elliot (actor), Emem Isong (producer), Emem Isong (writer), Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen (director), Ngozi Ezeonu (actress), Genevieve Nnaji (actress), Patience Ozokwor (actress), Rob Emeka Eze (writer), Rob Emeka Eze (producer), Rob Emeka Eze (producer), Uju Aroh (actress), Browny Igboegwu (actress), Elvis Obi (actor), Chika Ihekwoaba (actress), Bianca Okoye (actress),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Daniel Filho (producer), Leandro Scorsafava (miscellaneous crew), Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues (producer), Eduardo Moscovis (actor), Eduardo Moscovis (actor), Dirce Migliaccio (actress), Kika Lopes (costume designer), Edmilson Barros (actor), Edmilson Barros (actor), Cadu Fávero (actor), Cadu Fávero (actor), Júlio Uchoa (producer), Charles Fricks (actor), Charles Fricks (actor), Eduardo Hartung (editor),
Plot: In Sem Controle Eduardo Moscovis is Danilo, a stage director obsessed with the injustice committed against XIX century farmer Manoel da Motta Coqueiro, case that initiated the process of extinction of death penalty in Brazil. Incited by a beautiful and mysterious woman, Danilo takes a fateful decision. He stages a play about the case with himself as Motta Coqueiro and psychiatric patients playing all the other parts. When the borders between reality and fantasy start to blend, Danilo relives the historical facts in first person, all the time conscious of the tragic doom of his character. Full with uncommon characters and surprising turns, Sem Controle approaches the issue of death penalty in a refreshing new perspective.
Keywords: brazil, death-penalty, metalanguage, psychiatric-patientActors: Paulo Pires (actor), Laura Soveral (actress), Ana Zanatti (actress), António da Cunha Telles (producer), Isabel Ruth (actress), Carmen Santos (actress), Filipe Ferrer (actor), João Maria Pinto (actor), Pêpê Rapazote (actor), Adelaide de Sousa (actress), Irene Cruz (actress), Cremilda Gil (actress), João Vaz (actor), Emídio Rangel (producer), Francisco Brás (actor),
Genres: ,Actors: Rodolfo de Anda (actor), Elisa Salinas (producer), José Carlos Rodríguez (actor), Gina Morett (actress), José Alonso (actor), Saby Kamalich (actress), Plutarco Haza (actor), Mónica Dionne (actress), Regina Orozco (actress), Sergio Kleiner (actor), Cecilia Suárez (actress), Maury Carvajal (miscellaneous crew), Gabriel Porras (actor), Carmen Delgado (actress), Alejandro Gamboa (director),
Genres: Thriller,Actors: Suzana Borges (actress), Raul Solnado (actor), Rogério Samora (actor), João Perry (actor), Carlos Santos (actor), Diogo Infante (actor), João Lagarto (actor), Heitor Lourenço (actor), Joaquim Nicolau (actor), Paulo Matos (actor), Marques D'Arede (actor), João D'Ávila (actor), José Eduardo (actor), Lídia Franco (actress), Carmen Dolores (actress),
Genres: ,Actors: Fabio Testi (actor), Jorge García Marino (actor), Jorge Martínez (actor), María Rosa Gallo (actress), Jorge Rivera López (actor), Marta Betoldi (actress), Maria Rosaria Omaggio (actress), Silvio Berlusconi (producer), Antonio Caride (actor), Beatriz Spelzini (actress), Roberto Antier (actor), Emilio Comte (actor), Héctor Gióvine (actor), Boris Rubaja (actor), Héctor da Rosa (actor),
Genres: Drama, Romance,Actors: Louise Cardoso (actress), José Wilker (actor), Renata Fronzi (actress), Oswaldo Loureiro (actor), Dennis Carvalho (director), Eva Wilma (actress), Mauro Mendonça (actor), Otávio Augusto (actor), Stepan Nercessian (actor), Abrahão Farc (actor), Geórgia Gomide (actress), Elias Gleizer (actor), Luiz Gustavo (actor), Glória Pires (actress), Márcia Real (actress),
Genres: ,Actors: Gonzaga Blota (director), Ivani Ribeiro (writer), Enoque Batista (actor), Jayme Monjardim (director), Angelina Muniz (actress), José Carlos Sanches (actor), Hugo Gross (actor), Andréa Avancini (actress), Iaçanã Martins (actress), Valdir Rodrigues (actor), Cláudia Costa (actress), Alene Alves (actress), Giovana Pieck (actress), Hilda Reis (actress), Marika Lannes (actress),
Genres: ,FRANCISCA feat. F. Charm - Drum de piatra (Official Video) by Cat Music | Subscribe to Romania's #1 ♫Music Channel: https://goo.gl/Hx4S8E Muzica si Text: Marius Dia, Erik, F Charm, George Papagheorghe, Producatori: Idu Andrei, Marius Dia, Mihai Spectru Chitara: Voicu Dorin Produsa in studiourile Panda Music Regia: Dan Petcan Versuri: Tu pe soseaua dragostei Nu vrei sa-mi fii sofer Din suflete ne sar scantei...un semn rutier Ne spune ca intram pe un drum mai accidentat Hai sa ne tinem unul de celalalt R: Cand mi'era lumea mai draga, Lumea mai draga Ne'am ratacit pe un drum de piatra Si n'avem nici o harta Si nu avem nici o harta Urcati pe val, valul s-a pierdut in mare Ca sa ne separe Ajunsi la mal se vedea din depărtare Eram ca doua zale Dar drumul asta nu-i pavat cu flori Cade pe e...
Francisca is a new indie horror game like paranormal activity and it's intense! If you want a chance to win the giveaway, like this video, be subscribed and comment using #ASWgiveaway! ►Merch: http://aaronsaywhat.spreadshirt.com/ ►Donate: https://www.paypal.me/aaronsaywhat ►Twitter: https://twitter.com/theAaronSayWhat ►Instagram: https://instagram.com/aaronhunter3/ ►Hitbox: http://www.hitbox.tv/AaronSayWhat ►Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Aaronsaywhat/638366112958755 ►Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=aaronsaywhat ►Want to join a network like me? Apply here; http://www.freedom.tm/via/AaronSayWhat ►Outro Song - Happy Clouds by Creesh ►https://soundcloud.com/creeshofficial ~Like | Comment | Share | Subscribe~
Let's play hide and seek... ►Subscribe for new videos : http://goo.gl/OCFijT ►I post 2 new videos everyday The Game►http://store.steampowered.com/app/501760/ ►Follow me on Twitter : http://goo.gl/5MQOhu ►Like me on Facebook : http://goo.gl/foKyvC Outro song: Press Start - MDK https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoLouT7TqZY
Francisca - обзор эпичного ужастика про маленькую девочку Давайте поиграем? Понравилось видео? Нажми - http://bit.ly/VAkWxL Паблик Вконтакте - http://bit.ly/18eiw8O Магазин TheBrainDit - http://brainshop.printdirect.ru Цитаты Олега Брейна - http://vk.com/cit_braindit Брейн тут - http://vk.com/braindit Не забывайте ставить лайки, друзья!
Francisca feat. Pacha Man - Lacat la inima (Official Video) | Romania's #1 ♫Music Channel: http://bit.ly/Subscribe2CatMusic Muzica: Marius Dia, George Papagheorghe (Jorge) Text: Marius Dia, George Papagheorghe (Jorge), Pacha Man Orchestratie: Emanuel Petrut, Idu Andrei, Lorean Georgian Mix & Master: Madalin Rosioru Cat Music is the main player in the Romanian music industry, representing some of the most influential and successful artists from Romania, for the past 20 years. Cat Music's portfolio includes phenomenal bands and artists, who wrote and keep on writing the music history in Romania. Cat Music Online: http://fb.com/CatMusicRomania http://www.youtube.com/catmusicoffice http://www.twitter.com/catmusicromania http://www.catmusic.ro
Francisca is a NEW indie horror in which you have to survive 7 days. The Francisca atmosphere is crazy. Francisca gameplay time baby! ►FNAF WORLD Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPGpqbq9HB7XV4l2bDjy_kUCmJxs9BsN5 ► SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/Razzbowski ► Yandere Sim Playlist - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPGpqbq9HB7WIxQruep08A92O1MTGgHrN ►FNAF 4 Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPGpqbq9HB7U3I55Qk_P7iyw_uIpnNaTg ► TWITTER! FOLLOW ME! - https://twitter.com/Razzbowski ► TWITCH - www.twitch.tv/razzbowski ★ Subscribe To RAZZBOWSKI: http://bit.ly/SubToRazzbowski FNAF Sister Location Steam Page - http://store.steampowered.com/app/506610 Francisca Steam Page: http://store.steampowered.com/app/501760/ I (Razzbowski) today go over the NEW indie horror g...
Francisca feat. Uddi - Piatra de pe inima (Lyric Video) by Cat Music Piatra de pe inima este o parte din mine, dar si un nou inceput! Gelozia, posesivitatea, indiferenta, distrug lent, dar sigur, fiecare poveste de dragoste si ajungem sa luptam pentru o relatie fara viitor. Mi-am dorit colaborarea cu Uddi, deoarece, dupa concursul X Factor, am legat o stransa relatie de prietenie si, impreuna cu echipa mea, am decis ca el este cel mai potrivit pentru acest proiect. Subscribe to CatMusic: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=catmusicoffice Muzica: Dia Marius Text: Dia Marius, Dragos Udila Producator : Lorean Georgian Orchestratie: Lorean Georgian, Marius Dia, Catalin Fantaneanu, Draghici Marius Mix/Master: Bunicu' Magic Lyric Video: Pooshtioo Graphics Music by Chili MusicP...
Francisca - OMG (Official Single) by Cat Music | Romania's #1 ♫Music Channel: http://bit.ly/Subscribe2CatMusic Muzica si Text: Marius Dia, GEØRGE Orchestratie: Lorean Georgian, Marius Dia Produsa in studiourile Panda Music Artwork: Quart Creative Agency Cat Music is the main player in the Romanian music industry, representing some of the most influential and successful artists from Romania, for the past 20 years. Cat Music's portfolio includes phenomenal bands and artists, who wrote and keep on writing the music history in Romania. Cat Music Online: http://fb.com/CatMusicRomania http://www.youtube.com/catmusicoffice http://www.twitter.com/catmusicromania http://www.catmusic.ro
Francisca. Всем приятного просмотра! Второй канал - https://www.youtube.com/c/Kuplinov Дешевые игры Куплинов покупает тут http://bit.ly/SteamBuy (промо-код для скидки 3% - 26A3260CFEEA4CA4) Подписаться на канал - http://bit.ly/JoinKuplinovPlay Я ВКонтакте - http://vk.com/dmitry.kuplinov Паблик ВКонтакте - http://vk.com/kuplinovplay Твиттер - https://twitter.com/AllKuplinov Не забудь посмотреть: ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Другие прохождения: http://bit.ly/All_Games_by_Kuplinov ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Инди-хорроры: http://bit.ly/Indie-Horrors_by_Kuplinov ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Выносы мозга: http://bit.ly/Brain_Crash_by_Kuplinov ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Давай глянем: http://bit.ly/Lets_See_by_Kuplinov ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ►...
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egal was passiert
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