- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 142677
The Linux kernel is a Unix-like computer operating system kernel. It is used world-wide: the Linux operating system is based on it and deployed on both traditional computer systems such as personal computers and servers, usually in the form of Linux distributions, and on various embedded devices such as routers and NAS appliances. The Android operating system for tablet computers, smartphones and smartwatches is also based atop the Linux kernel.
The Linux kernel was conceived and created in 1991, by Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds for his personal computer and with no cross-platform intentions, but has since expanded to support a huge array of computer architectures, many more than other operating systems or kernels. Linux rapidly attracted developers and users who adapted code from other free software projects for use with the new operating system. The Linux kernel has received contributions from nearly 12,000 programmers from more than 1,200 companies, including some of the largest software and hardware vendors.
Linux (pronounced i/ˈlɪnəks/ LIN-əks or, less frequently, /ˈlaɪnəks/ LYN-əks) is a Unix-like and mostly POSIX-compliant computer operating system (OS) assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system, which has led to some controversy.
Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. Thanks to its dominance on smartphones, Android, which is built on top of the Linux kernel, has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux, in its original form, is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and virtually all fastest supercomputers, but is used on only around 1.6% of desktop computers with Linux-based Chrome OS taking about 5% of the overall and nearly 20% of the sub-$300 notebook sales. Linux also runs on embedded systems, which are devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system; this includes smartphones and tablet computers running Android and other Linux derivatives,TiVo and similar DVR devices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions,video game consoles, and smartwatches.
Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at Build 2014. The first version of the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October 2014, leading up to its consumer release on July 29, 2015, and its release to volume licensing on August 1, 2015. To encourage the adoption of Windows 10, Microsoft announced that during its first year of availability, upgrades to the operating system would be made available free of charge to users of genuine copies of eligible editions of Windows 7, and Windows 8 after update to Windows 8.1.
Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as a "universal" application architecture; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code—including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and HoloLens. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices—particularly on 2-in-1 PCs; both interfaces include an updated Start menu that blends elements of Windows 7's traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. The first release of Windows 10 also introduces a virtual desktop system, a window and desktop management feature called Task View, the Microsoft Edge web browser, support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new security features for enterprise environments, and DirectX 12 and WDDM 2.0 to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for games.
Part 1 of a 3 part series which gives a brief introduction to the Linux Kernel compilation, patching, configuring and installation process for Ubuntu or Debian based systems. Appreciate what I do? Buy me a coffee! http://goo.gl/wmHh4 Twitter: http://twitter.com/OhHeyItsLou Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/OhHeyItsLou Blogger: http://ohheyitslou.blogspot.com Steam: IDIefiant Show Notes: Kernel Tools: sudo apt-get install build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev bzip2 fakeroot sudo apt-get install ia32-libs ppa:brian-rogers/ppa Kernel Sources and Patches: Kernel Source 2.6.37 - http://www.kernel.org/ BFS Patch - http://ck.kolivas.org/patches/bfs/2.6.37/ BFQ Patch - http://algo.ing.unimo.it/people/paolo/disk_sched/sources.php
Read more: http://goo.gl/WfOJST Spend enough time around Android and eventually you will come across the term, “the Linux kernel.” What is a kernel? Let’s find out! Talk about Android in our forums: http://www.androidauthority.com/community Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=androidauthority ---------------------------------------------------- Stay connected to Android Authority: - http://www.androidauthority.com - http://google.com/+androidauthority - http://facebook.com/androidauthority/ - http://twitter.com/androidauth/ - http://instagram.com/androidauthority/ Follow the Team: Josh Vergara: https://plus.google.com/+JoshuaVergara Joe Hindy: https://plus.google.com/+JosephHindy Lanh Nguyen: https://plus.google.com/+LanhNguyenFilms Jay...
The Linux kernel is the largest collaborative software development projects ever. This talk will discuss exactly how Linux is developed, how fast it is happening, who is doing the work, and how we all stay sane keeping up with it. It will discuss the development model used, and how it differs from almost all "traditional" models of software development. Linux Foundation Speaker - Greg Kroah-Hartman https://github.com/gregkh
This lecture is a beginning explanation of the kernel that looks at where the system's kernel(s) & modules are located and by demonstrating where to get and how to explore the kernel source code. This lecture does not attempt to teach how to properly build and install a custom kernel nor does it go into extreme detail on how the kernel operates.
While Linux is running our phones, friend requests, tweets, financial trades, ATMs and more, most of us don't know how it's actually built. This short video takes you inside the process by which the largest collaborative development project in the history of computing is organized. Based on the annual report "Who Writes Linux," this is a powerful and inspiring story of how Linux has become a community-driven phenomenon. More information about Linux and The Linux Foundation can be found at http://www.linuxfoundation.org and http://www.linux.com
by Alex Ionescu Initially known as "Project Astoria" and delivered in beta builds of Windows 10 Threshold 2 for Mobile, Microsoft implemented a full blown Linux 3.4 kernel in the core of the Windows operating system, including full support for VFS, BSD Sockets, ptrace, and a bonafide ELF loader. After a short cancellation, it's back and improved in Windows 10 Anniversary Update ("Redstone"), under the guise of Bash Shell interoperability. This new kernel and related components can run 100% native, unmodified Linux binaries, meaning that NT can now execute Linux system calls, schedule thread groups, fork processes, and access the VDSO! As it's implemented using a full-blown, built-in, loaded-by-default, Ring 0 driver with kernel privileges, this not a mere wrapper library or user-mode sys...
All modern non-microcontroller CPUs contain a memory management unit and utilize the concept of virtual memory. This presentation will describe the different types of virtual memory spaces and mappings used in the Linux kernel, the cases in which they are useful, how they are implemented in the kernel, and how they differ from user space memory. Concepts such as the hardware memory-management unit (MMU) and translation lookaside buffer (TLB) will be discussed, as well as software concepts like kernel page tables. User space concepts such as growable stacks, memory paging, memory mapping, page faults, exceptions, and other memory-related conditions will be covered as well. About Alan Ott Alan started programming when he was four years old on his dad's Commodore 64 and began using Linux i...
Writing operating systems sounds like it's only for wizards, but it turns out that operating systems are written by humans like you and me. I'm going to tell you what a kernel is and why you should care. Then we'll talk about a few concrete ways to get started with kernel hacking, ranging from the super-easy to the terrifyingly difficult. by Julia Evans (@b0rk) - Stripe Julia Evans loves taking apart systems to find how they work, making Serious Computer Programs do silly things, and organizing outreach events to make our developer communities a better place. She works on Stripe's data team.
Watch Linux kernel developers shoot laser beams of code goodness into the source code tree! This is a gource video of the last 24 years of development. I highly recommend watching the 1080p version unless you have extraordinary eyesight. The video begins with v0.01 and ends with v4.0. Note: Commits before the adoption of BitKeeper are (incorrectly) attributed to Linus Torvalds due to the lack of attribution information. Unlike the previous video, dates should be more or less correct here.
Part 1 of a 3 part series which gives a brief introduction to the Linux Kernel compilation, patching, configuring and installation process for Ubuntu or Debian based systems. Appreciate what I do? Buy me a coffee! http://goo.gl/wmHh4 Twitter: http://twitter.com/OhHeyItsLou Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/OhHeyItsLou Blogger: http://ohheyitslou.blogspot.com Steam: IDIefiant Show Notes: Kernel Tools: sudo apt-get install build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev bzip2 fakeroot sudo apt-get install ia32-libs ppa:brian-rogers/ppa Kernel Sources and Patches: Kernel Source 2.6.37 - http://www.kernel.org/ BFS Patch - http://ck.kolivas.org/patches/bfs/2.6.37/ BFQ Patch - http://algo.ing.unimo.it/people/paolo/disk_sched/sources.php
Read more: http://goo.gl/WfOJST Spend enough time around Android and eventually you will come across the term, “the Linux kernel.” What is a kernel? Let’s find out! Talk about Android in our forums: http://www.androidauthority.com/community Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=androidauthority ---------------------------------------------------- Stay connected to Android Authority: - http://www.androidauthority.com - http://google.com/+androidauthority - http://facebook.com/androidauthority/ - http://twitter.com/androidauth/ - http://instagram.com/androidauthority/ Follow the Team: Josh Vergara: https://plus.google.com/+JoshuaVergara Joe Hindy: https://plus.google.com/+JosephHindy Lanh Nguyen: https://plus.google.com/+LanhNguyenFilms Jay...
The Linux kernel is the largest collaborative software development projects ever. This talk will discuss exactly how Linux is developed, how fast it is happening, who is doing the work, and how we all stay sane keeping up with it. It will discuss the development model used, and how it differs from almost all "traditional" models of software development. Linux Foundation Speaker - Greg Kroah-Hartman https://github.com/gregkh
This lecture is a beginning explanation of the kernel that looks at where the system's kernel(s) & modules are located and by demonstrating where to get and how to explore the kernel source code. This lecture does not attempt to teach how to properly build and install a custom kernel nor does it go into extreme detail on how the kernel operates.
While Linux is running our phones, friend requests, tweets, financial trades, ATMs and more, most of us don't know how it's actually built. This short video takes you inside the process by which the largest collaborative development project in the history of computing is organized. Based on the annual report "Who Writes Linux," this is a powerful and inspiring story of how Linux has become a community-driven phenomenon. More information about Linux and The Linux Foundation can be found at http://www.linuxfoundation.org and http://www.linux.com
by Alex Ionescu Initially known as "Project Astoria" and delivered in beta builds of Windows 10 Threshold 2 for Mobile, Microsoft implemented a full blown Linux 3.4 kernel in the core of the Windows operating system, including full support for VFS, BSD Sockets, ptrace, and a bonafide ELF loader. After a short cancellation, it's back and improved in Windows 10 Anniversary Update ("Redstone"), under the guise of Bash Shell interoperability. This new kernel and related components can run 100% native, unmodified Linux binaries, meaning that NT can now execute Linux system calls, schedule thread groups, fork processes, and access the VDSO! As it's implemented using a full-blown, built-in, loaded-by-default, Ring 0 driver with kernel privileges, this not a mere wrapper library or user-mode sys...
All modern non-microcontroller CPUs contain a memory management unit and utilize the concept of virtual memory. This presentation will describe the different types of virtual memory spaces and mappings used in the Linux kernel, the cases in which they are useful, how they are implemented in the kernel, and how they differ from user space memory. Concepts such as the hardware memory-management unit (MMU) and translation lookaside buffer (TLB) will be discussed, as well as software concepts like kernel page tables. User space concepts such as growable stacks, memory paging, memory mapping, page faults, exceptions, and other memory-related conditions will be covered as well. About Alan Ott Alan started programming when he was four years old on his dad's Commodore 64 and began using Linux i...
Writing operating systems sounds like it's only for wizards, but it turns out that operating systems are written by humans like you and me. I'm going to tell you what a kernel is and why you should care. Then we'll talk about a few concrete ways to get started with kernel hacking, ranging from the super-easy to the terrifyingly difficult. by Julia Evans (@b0rk) - Stripe Julia Evans loves taking apart systems to find how they work, making Serious Computer Programs do silly things, and organizing outreach events to make our developer communities a better place. She works on Stripe's data team.
Watch Linux kernel developers shoot laser beams of code goodness into the source code tree! This is a gource video of the last 24 years of development. I highly recommend watching the 1080p version unless you have extraordinary eyesight. The video begins with v0.01 and ends with v4.0. Note: Commits before the adoption of BitKeeper are (incorrectly) attributed to Linus Torvalds due to the lack of attribution information. Unlike the previous video, dates should be more or less correct here.
Сборка ядра в linux