- published: 04 Sep 2016
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An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.
Starting in the 1950s up to 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) Sporting Code for astronautics recognizes only flights that exceed an altitude of 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings.
National Geographic or NatGeo may refer to:
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A space station, also known as an orbital station or an orbital space station, is a spacecraft capable of supporting a crew, which is designed to remain in space (most commonly as an artificial satellite in low Earth orbit) for an extended period of time and for other spacecraft to dock. A space station is distinguished from other spacecraft used for human spaceflight by lack of major propulsion or landing systems. Instead, other vehicles transport people and cargo to and from the station. As of September 2014 two space stations are in orbit: the International Space Station, which is permanently manned, and China's Tiangong-1 (which successfully launched on September 29, 2011), which is unmanned most of the time. Previous stations include the Almaz and Salyut series, Skylab and most recently Mir.
Today's space stations are research platforms, used to study the effects of long-term space flight on the human body as well as to provide platforms for greater number and length of scientific studies than available on other space vehicles. Each crew member staying aboard the station for weeks or months, but rarely more than a year. Most of the time crew remain at station but its not necessary that crew should have to be stay at station. Since the ill-fated flight of Soyuz 11 to Salyut 1, all manned spaceflight duration records have been set aboard space stations. The duration record for a single spaceflight is 437.7 days, set by Valeriy Polyakov aboard Mir from 1994 to 1995. As of 2013, three astronauts have completed single missions of over a year, all aboard Mir.
This is a list of cosmonauts who have taken part in the missions of the Soviet space program and the Russian Federal Space Agency, including ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia are marked with an asterisk and their place of birth is shown in an additional list.
For the full plain lists of Russian and Soviet cosmonauts in Wikipedia, see Category:Russian cosmonauts and Category:Soviet cosmonauts.
Actors: Alexander Laird (editor), Alexander Laird (miscellaneous crew), Alexander Laird (director), Alexander Laird (miscellaneous crew), Alexander Laird (producer), Alexander Laird (writer), Alexander Laird (writer), Jason Szimmer (actor), Taylor Craig (actor), Alex Swift (miscellaneous crew), Aiden Bokrossy (producer), Robert Laird (composer),
Genres: Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Jack Feldstein (producer), Peter Haas (director), Peter Haas (editor), Justin Schultz (actor), Lawrence McGovern (producer), Sean R. Smith (miscellaneous crew), George Wallace (writer), Roxanne Palmer (actor),
Genres: Animation, Comedy, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Ravil Isyanov (actor), Ian Edward Weir (editor), Ian Edward Weir (composer), Su Hyun Kim (producer), Clayton Hable (writer), Clayton Hable (director), Patrick Keckler (actor), Anne Keckler (actress),
Plot: Orbiting earth in Space Station Mir, a Lone Cosmonaut is unable to see the fall of the iron Curtain. Silent calls of the haclyon blue orb emphasize his disconnection with the entirety of human existence, while only thin layers of terrestrially forged metal separate life from the deadly vacuum of space. Devoid of all communication, dwindling supplies and failing equipment push his body and mind to unenviable extremes as time stretches into the outer Cosmos. What was once an orderly and harmonious system reveals itself as a chaotic nebula, a clouded assembly of disparate elements. With the promise of contact never realized, hope of rescue freezes to absolute zero. Childhood images unite past with present, and earth with the universe, which facilitates an otherwise impossible homecoming, a reunion between communist and community. This attempt to control the course of the future ensures the direction of the past. With life's orbit fully realized, the harmonious order of the Cosmos is restored.
Keywords: one-word-titleActors: Shole Hejazi (director), Jean Ziegler (actor), Muhammad Yunus (actor), Jaime Estrada Torres (editor), Antonio Pozueco (producer), Trilok Gurtu (actor), Federico Mayor Zaragoza (actor), Ramón Tamames (actor), Victor Andresco (writer), Matilde Cuadro (miscellaneous crew), Amin Maalouf (actor), Silvia Pizarro (editor), John Woodhill (actor), Mauricio Sotelo (composer), Pedram Yazdani (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A walking girl innocently observes the evolution of humankind alongside her own. Learning, real understanding, war, poverty, mass media, and what the future has in store for us. These are some of the issues she reflects upon with the experienced help in the form of insights provided by: philosophers (Rafael Argullol), doctors (Sir John Woodhall), writers (Amin Maalouf), musicians (Trilok Gurtu), professors (Ramón Tamames, Federico Mayor Zaragoza), social workers (Bani Dugal, Linda Kavelin-Popov, Gustavo Correa, Alberto Pérez), promoters of new economic systems (Muhammad Yunus, Jean Ziegler). She finally arrives at the conclusion that "the future, contrary to certain theories, does not write itself. We write the future."
Keywords: essay, human-rightsActors: Todd A. Robinson (actor), David F. Walker (producer), Michael J. Prosser (actor), C.K. Lichenstein II (producer), C.K. Lichenstein II (miscellaneous crew), C.K. Lichenstein II (actor), K. Adithya Ashok (miscellaneous crew), K. Adithya Ashok (actor), Vincent Caldoni (actor), David Emerson Jackson (actor), Drew Barrios (actor), Susan Moen (actress), Gray Eubank (actor), Haley Talbot (actress), Jamie Pulliam (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: The French isn't your ordinary band. Their lead guitarist is an accountant obsessed with breath mints. The bassist talks to his leg and lives by the train tracks. The drummer works to smash the state. They have no fans, no fame, and no future, but try telling that to lead singer Christian. Monday Night Gig is a comedy for anyone who's followed their dreams, no matter where they lead. And for anyone who just pulled up their skirts... and played.
Keywords: bad-breath, bong-hits, christian, dream, female-drummer, folk-music, french, hooker, rock-bandActors: Vladimir Divljan (composer), Vladimir Divljan (actor), Vladimir Divljan (actor), Melanie Coombs (producer), Michael James Rowland (director), Michael James Rowland (writer), Jeff Allan (actor), Ben McIvor (actor), Adam Cahill (actor), Guy Chapman (actor), Luke Quinton (actor), Jennifer Cloher (actress), Serge Golikov (actor), Chris Nolletamby (actor), Nancy Muqing Wu (editor),
Genres: Drama, Short,Actors: Petr Mrkous (editor), Benjamin Tucek (writer), Benjamin Tucek (director), Lenka Vychodilová (actress), Jirí Burda (actor), Kamil Svejda (actor), Jirí Malek (writer),
Genres: Short,Actors: Igor Tolstunov (producer), Lev Durov (actor), Valentin Gaft (actor), Viktor Pavlov (actor), Oleg Tabakov (actor), Vladimir Mashkov (director), Vladimir Mashkov (actor), Nikolay Fomenko (actor), Lyudmila Davydova (actress), Elena Shevchenko (actress), Vera Kruglova (editor), Sergey Kozlov (producer), Fyodor Valikov (actor), Oleg Antonov (writer), Mikhail Filipchuk (actor),
Plot: A Christmas story, almost a fairy tale. An ordinary Russian girl brought up without a father could not even think that one fine day she would find him. And who could suppose that three "fathers" at once would pretend to the role?
Genres: Comedy, Romance,Actors: Gene Hackman (actor), Christopher Reeve (actor), Derek Lyons (actor), Gene Hackman (actor), William Hootkins (actor), Mac McDonald (actor), Eugene Lipinski (actor), Jackie Cooper (actor), Robert Beatty (actor), Jon Cryer (actor), Esmond Knight (actor), Jim Broadbent (actor), Marc McClure (actor), Kerry Shale (actor), Christopher Reeve (actor),
Plot: Superman does a lot in his newest adventure. Archvillain Lex Luthor, determined to make the world safe for nuclear arms merchants, creates a new being to challenge the Man of Steel: the radiation-charged Nuclear Man. The two super-powered foes clash in an explosive screen extranvaganza that sees Superman save the Statue of Liberty, repulse a volcanic eruption of Mount Etna, rebuild the demolished Great Wall of China and perform many more spetactular feats.
Keywords: 1980s, action-hero, action-violence, adapted-score, adidas-clothing, aerobics, aerobics-class, air-force-base, airforce-one, alter-egoActors: Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), David H. DePatie (producer), Friz Freleng (producer), David Detiege (writer), William Lava (composer), Robert McKimson (director), Lee Gunther (editor),
Plot: Daffy Duck goes to a forest on a gold hunt, and his treasure map indicates the presence of gold in a hole occupied by two polite twin gophers, who must fight back when Daffy violently tries to remove them from their home.
Keywords: cartoon-duck, cartoon-gopher, gold, gold-prospector, goofy-gophers, looney-tunes, reference-to-daffy-duck, surrealism, treasure-mapThe lost russian cosmonaut conspiracy. In this video we take a look at the lost russian cosmonaut conspiracy. Lost cosmonauts, or phantom cosmonauts, is a conspiracy theory alleging that Soviet cosmonauts entered outer space, but without their existence having been acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities. Several articles and books have been published on the subject, and recordings ostensibly of dying Soviet cosmonauts have been released. Thank you for watching! Music Used - CO.AG Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
What does it mean to long for home in the most extreme and profound way? As NASA, SpaceX, and other organizations set their sights on flying humans to Mars, they’re also looking to cosmonauts like Mikhail Kornienko, who recently spent almost a year in the International Space Station, to learn about how extended time in space has changed his body and challenged him mentally. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebo...
Hardware maintenance may not sound like the most riveting spectacle ... unless it’s happening 400 kilometers above the planet. Russia’s space agency has released a video of two Cosmonauts, Gennady Padalka and Mikhail Kornienko, busy at work outside the International Space Station. The men spent five and a half hours in the hazardous zero-gravity vacuum. RT LIVE http://rt.com/on-air Subscribe to RT! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=RussiaToday Like us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/RTnews Follow us on Twitter http://twitter.com/RT_com Follow us on Instagram http://instagram.com/rt Follow us on Google+ http://plus.google.com/+RT Listen to us on Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/rttv RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washingto...
Robin & The Backstabbers - Cosmonaut Muzica si Text: Robin Proca Editori: Roton Music Publishing, Future Arts Agency Publishing © & (P) 2015 ROTON MUSIC Subscribe to your favourite music: http://www.youtube.com/RotonMusicTV Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/RotonMusic Twitter: http://twitter.com/RotonMusic www: http://www.Roton.ro Booking: booking@roton.ro iTunes: https: https://itunes.apple.com/ro/album/cosmonaut-single/id1067303236 Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/music/album/Robin_And_The_Backstabbers_Cosmonaut?id=Bbery5ea4f2nx6wduznlcah32ym Deezer: http://www.deezer.com/search/robin%20cosmonaut Versuri: Prea multe dimineti ne-au sters de tot visele, N-a mai ramas nimic. Nici macar nu stiu cum am ajuns aici. Sa nu uiti sa mananci, Sa te-mbraci (sa nu racesti), Sa nu uiti s...
It is widely thought that Yuri Gagarin was the first man to enter space. But could have just been the first astronaut to come back from space alive? Don't forget to Subscribe for more Conspiracies! - http://bit.ly/1dmVsvF A massive thank you to our super fans who have supported us on our Patreon page. Feel free to take a look at the rewards we have on offer for our supporters here: https://www.patreon.com/alltimeconspiracies?ty=h Like us on Facebook - http://on.fb.me/1eWsxhV Follow us on Twitter - http://bit.ly/MNqFgY Alltime's greatest conspiracies... http://bit.ly/1eRToNK
Lost cosmonauts is a conspiracy theory alleging that Soviet cosmonauts entered outer space, but without their existence having been acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities. Several articles and books have been published on the subject, and recordings ostensibly of dying Soviet cosmonauts have been released. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NowYouKnowUFO/?skip_nax_wizard=true LEGAL DISCLAIMER: FOR ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES ONLY. I will immediately reply to any legitimate copyright concerns should one exist. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted. "Fair Use" guidelines: www.copyright.go...
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"Yelena Serova is making history. She is about to be the first Russian woman to go to the International Space Station and only the fourth Russian woman in history to enter space. But during a Friday press conference with two of her male colleagues before lift-off, Serova -- and only Serova -- was questioned about her hair and makeup. "Can you tell me more about your everyday life on the station? For example, how are you planning to do your hair?" one reporter asked. Serova shot back with an indignant response. "Can I ask a question, too?" she replied. "Aren't you interested in the hairstyles of my colleagues?"* Read more here: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/26/yelena-serova-hair-makeup_n_5890792.html Ana Kasparian (http://www.twitter.com/anakasparian) Ben Mankiewicz (http://ww...
Young girl can you tell me what you're looking for?
Down this never ending highway
Wipe your, your tears away
Listen, hear what I say
Sitting here with nothing on my mind
Could you possibly afford the time?
Are we looking for the only cosmonaut?
The only cosmonaut
Young girl can you tell me where do you go?
Delirious, the only way that you know
Sitting here with nothing on my mind
Could you possibly afford the time?
Are we looking for the only cosmonaut?
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
We traveled far off into space
No longer part of any race
All worldly pleasures left behind
No longer part of our own kind
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut