- published: 04 Nov 2013
- views: 340561
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord begins at the occipital bone and extends down to the space between the first and second lumbar vertebrae; it does not extend the entire length of the vertebral column. It is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women. Also, the spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 13 mm (1⁄2 in) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in) thick in the thoracic area. The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord. The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body but also contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes and central pattern generators. The spinal cord has three major functions: as a conduit for motor information, which travels down the spinal cord, as a conduit for sensory information in the reverse direction, and finally as a center for coordinating certain reflexes.
Cord or CORD may refer to:
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes changes in its function, either temporary or permanent. These changes translate into loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the lesion. Injuries can occur at any level of the spinal cord and can be classified as complete injury, a total loss of sensation and muscle function, or incomplete, meaning some nervous signals are able to travel past the injured area of the cord. Depending on the location and severity of damage along the spinal cord, the symptoms can vary widely, from pain or numbness to paralysis to incontinence. The prognosis also ranges widely, from full recovery in rare cases to permanent tetraplegia (also called quadriplegia) in injuries at the level of the neck, and paraplegia in lower injuries. Complications that can occur in the short and long term after injury include muscle atrophy, pressure sores, infections, and respiratory problems.
Emergency medicine is the medical specialty involving care for undifferentiated and unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. In their role as first-line providers, emergency physicians are responsible for initiating investigations and interventions to diagnose and/or treat patients in the acute phase (including initial resuscitation and stabilization), coordinating care with physicians from other specialities, and making decisions regarding a patient's need for hospital admission, observation, or discharge. Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units, but may also work in primary care settings such as urgent care clinics.
Originally the domain of surgeons, general practitioners and other generalist physicians, it is only in recent decades that emergency medicine has become recognised as a speciality in its own right. In many developed countries, emergency medicine is now recognized as an essential public service and has achieved recognition for its contributions to public health and academic medicine. Most academic medical centers have independent departments of emergency medicine, and the specialty is now a popular choice among medical students and residents. In developing countries, emergency medicine is still evolving and international emergency medicine programs offer hope of improving basic emergency care where resources are limited.
Educational technology is the effective use of technological tools in learning. As a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines and networking hardware, as well as considering underlying theoretical perspectives for their effective application.
Educational technology is not restricted to high technology. Also called e-learning, it includes an array of approaches, components, and delivery methods. For example, m-learning emphasizes mobility, but is otherwise indistinguishable in principle from educational technology.
Educational technology includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underlie many e-learning processes.
http://www.anatomyzone.com 3D anatomy tutorial on the external anatomy of the spinal cord using the BioDigital Human (http://www.biodigitalhuman.com). Structures discussed in this video include: - vertebral column - intervertebral foramina - conus medullaris - filum terminale - cauda equina - spinal nerves - dorsal root - dorsal root ganglion - ventral root - afferent and efferent neurones - dorsal and ventral rami Join the Facebook page for updates: http://www.facebook.com/anatomyzone Follow me on twitter: http://www.twitter.com/anatomyzone Subscribe to the channel for more videos and updates: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=theanatomyzone
This video discuss the anatomy of the spine. It is part of the DVD series "Understanding Spinal Cord Injury" created by Shepherd Center. Visit spinalinjury101.org to view the entire video series.
In Part 1 of Professor Fink's 2-Part Series on the Spinal Cord, he reviews the anatomy of the Spinal Cord and the functional organization at each segmental level. Professor Fink describes the horizontal flow of sensory information into the Spinal Cord and the flow of motor commands out of the Spinal Cord. Reference is made to Gray Matter, White Matter, Spinal Nerves, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Ventral Root, Commissures, decussation, Somatic Reflexes, Dorsal (Posterior) Gray Horn, Ventral (Anterior) Gray Horn, Lateral Gray Horn. PART 2 of this video covering Spinal Tracts [incl. Spinothalamic Tract, Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract and Extrapyramidal Tracts] is at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiYvm7T-Fs0 Check-out professor fink's web-site or additional resources in Biology, Anatomy, Phys...
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This video is the foundation for a series of 4 tutorials discussing the Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus Pathway, the Spinothalamic tract and the Corticospinal Tract. This video is an overview of the anatomy and organisation of the fasciculi involved and the major features of a spinal cord cross section. For more entirely FREE tutorials and accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
The Focus Digital Anatomy Atlas on Back and Spinal Cord - The most comprehensive Atlas with an exhaustive array of plates - A 3D animated, reference tool to recognize and comprehend anatomical positions, planes, dissection layers, and understand clinical manifestations of various medical conditions - Includes 3D animation videos of important applied aspects with clinical perspectives - Includes Interactive images with detailed description for each label, enabled with user-paced on/off feature and zoom-in /out options The topics discussed include: 1. Back - Surface features and dermatomes 2. Vertebral column - Overview of bones and joints 3. Regional vertebra - Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal 4. Meninges - Spinal Apps available on iTunes and Google play 5. Spinal cord - E...
Dr. Claudia Krebs and Dr. Wayne Vogl take us on a trip down the Spinal Cord. Written by Dr. Claudia Krebs, Tamara Bodnar, Parker Holman and Dr. Joanne Weinberg Produced and Directed by Zachary Rothman Performed by Claudia Krebs and Wayne Vogl Director of Photography - Toby Gorman Editor - Richard Neufeld Sound Design - James Wallace Visual Effects - Gloo Studios ID Project Management and Support - Justin Student Flexible Learning Manager - Jeff Miller Produced by MedIT Educational Technology at UBC Faculty of Medicine Supported through a Grant by the UBC Flexible Learning Initiative CREW Make Up - Leah Cuff Camera - Aidan Dungait, Michael Yeung, Jordan Droho, Nathan Watkins Lighting and Grip - Teo Jara, Niko Toribio, Alejandro Hernandez, Travis Briggs CREATIVE COMMONS, ATTRIBUTION, ...
Johns Hopkins spinal surgeon, Ali Bydon, M.D., narrates and performs the surgical removal of an intramedullary spinal cord tumor.
I made a video about the spinal pathways and spinal tracts and include some basic spinal cord anatomy. http://www.AnimatedAnatomy.com/ - Click Here Here I have explained the cuneate fasciculus and the gracile fasciculus that together create the dorsal column. I also explained the anterolateral system that contains the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract. There are also anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts. Those were the somatosensory pathways. I also explained the motor pathways and tracts meaning the efferent ones: anterior and lateral corticospinal tract with vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal tract and reticulospinal tract. There was also olivospinal tract and the spino-olivary tract. I explained the meaning of efferent and afferent nerve fibers and where they originate...
Video References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNs9ruzoTmI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnD16gwpCz8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoKj-90V_0g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqTny3xtFcc Prepared by: 1. Nitia a/p Selva Kumar 2. Chin Choon Jie 3. Ng Su Yi 4. Nabiha Sulaiman 5 Woo Khai Thing
http://www.medilaw.tv - Cervical Spinal Cord Trial Stimulation wire electrode medical education animations. Special pain nerves carry pain messages from the body through the spinal cord, to the brain. When the messages reach the brain, we become aware of the pain. Chronic pain occurs when the pain message to the brain continues after the original pain generator has healed, due to damaged or dysfunctional nerves. If the adjacent non-pain nerves in the spinal cord are activated, it can decrease the transmission of the pain nerve's pain messages to the brain and hence decrease our awareness of the pain. Cervical Spinal Cord Trial Stimulation wire electrode medical education animations. INTRODUCTION Special pain nerves carry pain messages from the body through the spinal cord, to the brain. Wh...
Reeve Irvine Research Center in collaboration with Harvard University's Associate Professor of Neurology, Zhigang He, have fundamentally changed the history of curing paralysis from spinal cord injury. Through a groundbreaking discovery involving the PTEN gene, researchers have regenerated nerves in the damaged spinal cord of mice responsible for movement and sensation in the body. Production made possible by Micah Retz and his organization, Cure the Cord.
This short-film describes the detrimental effects of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury on the cellular and molecular level, and was created for the Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital as part of my Master's degree in Biomedical Communications at the University of Toronto.
***2010 Update*** See Claire's video update following her second round of transplants on Vimeo at http://vimeo.com/13380598. All SCI videos are collected at http://vimeo.com/channels/79458. Claire came to China in 2008 to receive spinal injections of umbilical cord blood stem cells for the treatment of a spinal cord injury she sustained in a boating accident. When Claire arrived in China she had plateaued in her physically therapy back home in Australia and was looking for a new therapy to help her continue onward. With no movement in her legs, no sweat function and very little sensation she began receiving injections of umbilical cord blood stem cells. After a full round of injections Claire had begun to walk without her crutches and had begun to move one of her toes. Months after th...
brief overview of anatomy of spinal cord injury, covers anterior cord syndrome
Spinal kyphosis causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the spinal cord: Recent research has shown the damaging effects that the loss of the cervical curve has on health. Neurosurgeons have labeled the curve in your neck as the arch of life because it is so vital to overall health and longevity. The arch in the neck must be between 39-45 degrees in order to be free from spinal cord compression.
Rachael Short, an accomplished photographer and gallery owner, was severely injured in a car accident on November 1, 2010 while riding as a passenger. Rachael, 28, has turned her intensity and zeal for life to overcoming her paralyzing spinal cord injury. Her quadriplegic status requires round-the-clock-care, including physical therapy, acupuncture, massage, and the loving support of her generous community. Please view/share the video and please be the light.
Screencast of mini lecture on anatomy of spinal cord injury covering the infamous brown-seqard syndrome and a recent case report PMID 22124685
Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with an incidence of 5.1 to 16.6 cases per 100,000 live births. This genetic disease is characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, leading to progressive muscular atrophy and weakness.
http://www.anatomyzone.com 3D anatomy tutorial on the external anatomy of the spinal cord using the BioDigital Human (http://www.biodigitalhuman.com). Structures discussed in this video include: - vertebral column - intervertebral foramina - conus medullaris - filum terminale - cauda equina - spinal nerves - dorsal root - dorsal root ganglion - ventral root - afferent and efferent neurones - dorsal and ventral rami Join the Facebook page for updates: http://www.facebook.com/anatomyzone Follow me on twitter: http://www.twitter.com/anatomyzone Subscribe to the channel for more videos and updates: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=theanatomyzone
This video discuss the anatomy of the spine. It is part of the DVD series "Understanding Spinal Cord Injury" created by Shepherd Center. Visit spinalinjury101.org to view the entire video series.
In Part 1 of Professor Fink's 2-Part Series on the Spinal Cord, he reviews the anatomy of the Spinal Cord and the functional organization at each segmental level. Professor Fink describes the horizontal flow of sensory information into the Spinal Cord and the flow of motor commands out of the Spinal Cord. Reference is made to Gray Matter, White Matter, Spinal Nerves, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Ventral Root, Commissures, decussation, Somatic Reflexes, Dorsal (Posterior) Gray Horn, Ventral (Anterior) Gray Horn, Lateral Gray Horn. PART 2 of this video covering Spinal Tracts [incl. Spinothalamic Tract, Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract and Extrapyramidal Tracts] is at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiYvm7T-Fs0 Check-out professor fink's web-site or additional resources in Biology, Anatomy, Phys...
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This video is the foundation for a series of 4 tutorials discussing the Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus Pathway, the Spinothalamic tract and the Corticospinal Tract. This video is an overview of the anatomy and organisation of the fasciculi involved and the major features of a spinal cord cross section. For more entirely FREE tutorials and accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
The Focus Digital Anatomy Atlas on Back and Spinal Cord - The most comprehensive Atlas with an exhaustive array of plates - A 3D animated, reference tool to recognize and comprehend anatomical positions, planes, dissection layers, and understand clinical manifestations of various medical conditions - Includes 3D animation videos of important applied aspects with clinical perspectives - Includes Interactive images with detailed description for each label, enabled with user-paced on/off feature and zoom-in /out options The topics discussed include: 1. Back - Surface features and dermatomes 2. Vertebral column - Overview of bones and joints 3. Regional vertebra - Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal 4. Meninges - Spinal Apps available on iTunes and Google play 5. Spinal cord - E...
Dr. Claudia Krebs and Dr. Wayne Vogl take us on a trip down the Spinal Cord. Written by Dr. Claudia Krebs, Tamara Bodnar, Parker Holman and Dr. Joanne Weinberg Produced and Directed by Zachary Rothman Performed by Claudia Krebs and Wayne Vogl Director of Photography - Toby Gorman Editor - Richard Neufeld Sound Design - James Wallace Visual Effects - Gloo Studios ID Project Management and Support - Justin Student Flexible Learning Manager - Jeff Miller Produced by MedIT Educational Technology at UBC Faculty of Medicine Supported through a Grant by the UBC Flexible Learning Initiative CREW Make Up - Leah Cuff Camera - Aidan Dungait, Michael Yeung, Jordan Droho, Nathan Watkins Lighting and Grip - Teo Jara, Niko Toribio, Alejandro Hernandez, Travis Briggs CREATIVE COMMONS, ATTRIBUTION, ...
Johns Hopkins spinal surgeon, Ali Bydon, M.D., narrates and performs the surgical removal of an intramedullary spinal cord tumor.
I made a video about the spinal pathways and spinal tracts and include some basic spinal cord anatomy. http://www.AnimatedAnatomy.com/ - Click Here Here I have explained the cuneate fasciculus and the gracile fasciculus that together create the dorsal column. I also explained the anterolateral system that contains the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract. There are also anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts. Those were the somatosensory pathways. I also explained the motor pathways and tracts meaning the efferent ones: anterior and lateral corticospinal tract with vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal tract and reticulospinal tract. There was also olivospinal tract and the spino-olivary tract. I explained the meaning of efferent and afferent nerve fibers and where they originate...
Video References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNs9ruzoTmI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnD16gwpCz8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoKj-90V_0g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqTny3xtFcc Prepared by: 1. Nitia a/p Selva Kumar 2. Chin Choon Jie 3. Ng Su Yi 4. Nabiha Sulaiman 5 Woo Khai Thing
http://www.medilaw.tv - Cervical Spinal Cord Trial Stimulation wire electrode medical education animations. Special pain nerves carry pain messages from the body through the spinal cord, to the brain. When the messages reach the brain, we become aware of the pain. Chronic pain occurs when the pain message to the brain continues after the original pain generator has healed, due to damaged or dysfunctional nerves. If the adjacent non-pain nerves in the spinal cord are activated, it can decrease the transmission of the pain nerve's pain messages to the brain and hence decrease our awareness of the pain. Cervical Spinal Cord Trial Stimulation wire electrode medical education animations. INTRODUCTION Special pain nerves carry pain messages from the body through the spinal cord, to the brain. Wh...
Reeve Irvine Research Center in collaboration with Harvard University's Associate Professor of Neurology, Zhigang He, have fundamentally changed the history of curing paralysis from spinal cord injury. Through a groundbreaking discovery involving the PTEN gene, researchers have regenerated nerves in the damaged spinal cord of mice responsible for movement and sensation in the body. Production made possible by Micah Retz and his organization, Cure the Cord.
This short-film describes the detrimental effects of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury on the cellular and molecular level, and was created for the Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital as part of my Master's degree in Biomedical Communications at the University of Toronto.
***2010 Update*** See Claire's video update following her second round of transplants on Vimeo at http://vimeo.com/13380598. All SCI videos are collected at http://vimeo.com/channels/79458. Claire came to China in 2008 to receive spinal injections of umbilical cord blood stem cells for the treatment of a spinal cord injury she sustained in a boating accident. When Claire arrived in China she had plateaued in her physically therapy back home in Australia and was looking for a new therapy to help her continue onward. With no movement in her legs, no sweat function and very little sensation she began receiving injections of umbilical cord blood stem cells. After a full round of injections Claire had begun to walk without her crutches and had begun to move one of her toes. Months after th...
brief overview of anatomy of spinal cord injury, covers anterior cord syndrome
Spinal kyphosis causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the spinal cord: Recent research has shown the damaging effects that the loss of the cervical curve has on health. Neurosurgeons have labeled the curve in your neck as the arch of life because it is so vital to overall health and longevity. The arch in the neck must be between 39-45 degrees in order to be free from spinal cord compression.
Rachael Short, an accomplished photographer and gallery owner, was severely injured in a car accident on November 1, 2010 while riding as a passenger. Rachael, 28, has turned her intensity and zeal for life to overcoming her paralyzing spinal cord injury. Her quadriplegic status requires round-the-clock-care, including physical therapy, acupuncture, massage, and the loving support of her generous community. Please view/share the video and please be the light.
Screencast of mini lecture on anatomy of spinal cord injury covering the infamous brown-seqard syndrome and a recent case report PMID 22124685
Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with an incidence of 5.1 to 16.6 cases per 100,000 live births. This genetic disease is characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, leading to progressive muscular atrophy and weakness.
- Spinal Cord - Coverings of the Spinal Cord