DNA damage-inducible transcript 3

DDIT3
Identifiers
Aliases	DDIT3, CEBPZ, CHOP, CHOP-10, CHOP10, GADD153, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, DNA damage inducible transcript 3
External IDs	MGI: 109247 HomoloGene: 3012 GeneCards: DDIT3
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • protein homodimerization activity • cAMP response element binding protein binding • transcription corepressor activity • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • transcription factor binding • transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • leucine zipper domain binding • protein binding • protein heterodimerization activity • transcription regulatory region DNA binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • late endosome • CHOP-C/EBP complex • nucleoplasm • transcription factor AP-1 complex • protein-DNA complex • CHOP-ATF4 complex • CHOP-ATF3 complex • nucleus Biological process • apoptotic process • release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol • negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling • negative regulation of fat cell differentiation • negative regulation of myoblast differentiation • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress • negative regulation of DNA binding • mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of neuron death • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • Wnt signaling pathway • negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • cell redox homeostasis • response to endoplasmic reticulum stress • PERK-mediated unfolded protein response • ER overload response • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response • regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process • response to unfolded protein • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress • negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • cell cycle arrest • positive regulation of interleukin-8 production • response to starvation • negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity • cell cycle • regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process • blood vessel maturation • negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity • endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response • establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1649	13198
Ensembl	ENSG00000175197	ENSMUSG00000025408
UniProt	P35638	P35639
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001195053 NM_001195054 NM_001195055 NM_001195056 NM_001195057 NM_004083	NM_001290183 NM_007837
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001181982 NP_001181983 NP_001181984 NP_001181985 NP_001181986 NP_004074	NP_001277112.1 NP_031863.3 NP_001277112 NP_031863
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 57.52 – 57.52 Mb	Chr 10: 127.29 – 127.3 Mb
PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human		View/Edit Mouse

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a transcription factor that is encoded by the DDIT3 gene.

Interactions

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 has been shown to interact with [proteins]:

• ATF3,
• C-Fos,
• C-jun and
• CEBPB,
• CSNK2A1,
• JunD, and
• RPS3A.

Clinical significance

Mutations or fusions of CHOP (e.g. with FUS to form FUS-CHOP) can cause Myxoid liposarcoma.

Further reading

• Ramji DP, Foka P (2002). "CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins: structure, function and regulation". Biochem. J. 365 (Pt 3): 561–75. doi:10.1042/BJ20020508. PMC 1222736. PMID 12006103. 
• Oyadomari S, Mori M (2004). "Roles of CHOP/GADD153 in endoplasmic reticulum stress". Cell Death Differ. 11 (4): 381–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401373. PMID 14685163. 
• Aman P, Ron D, Mandahl N, et al. (1993). "Rearrangement of the transcription factor gene CHOP in myxoid liposarcomas with t(12;16)(q13;p11)". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 5 (4): 278–85. doi:10.1002/gcc.2870050403. PMID 1283316. 
• Park JS, Luethy JD, Wang MG, et al. (1992). "Isolation, characterization and chromosomal localization of the human GADD153 gene". Gene. 116 (2): 259–67. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90523-R. PMID 1339368. 
• Ron D, Habener JF (1992). "CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription". Genes Dev. 6 (3): 439–53. doi:10.1101/gad.6.3.439. PMID 1547942. 
• Eneroth M, Mandahl N, Heim S, et al. (1990). "Localization of the chromosomal breakpoints of the t(12;16) in liposarcoma to subbands 12q13.3 and 16p11.2". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 48 (1): 101–7. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(90)90222-V. PMID 2372777. 
• Rabbitts TH, Forster A, Larson R, Nathan P (1993). "Fusion of the dominant negative transcription regulator CHOP with a novel gene FUS by translocation t(12;16) in malignant liposarcoma". Nat. Genet. 4 (2): 175–80. doi:10.1038/ng0693-175. PMID 7503811. 
• Crozat A, Aman P, Mandahl N, Ron D (1993). "Fusion of CHOP to a novel RNA-binding protein in human myxoid liposarcoma". Nature. 363 (6430): 640–4. doi:10.1038/363640a0. PMID 8510758. 
• Chen BP, Wolfgang CD, Hai T (1996). "Analysis of ATF3, a transcription factor induced by physiological stresses and modulated by gadd153/Chop10". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (3): 1157–68. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.3.1157. PMC 231098. PMID 8622660. 
• Wang XZ, Ron D (1996). "Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP Kinase". Science. 272 (5266): 1347–9. doi:10.1126/science.272.5266.1347. PMID 8650547. 
• Fawcett TW, Eastman HB, Martindale JL, Holbrook NJ (1996). "Physical and functional association between GADD153 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta during cellular stress". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14285–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14285. PMID 8662954. 
• Ubeda M, Vallejo M, Habener JF (1999). "CHOP enhancement of gene transcription by interactions with Jun/Fos AP-1 complex proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (11): 7589–99. PMC 84780. PMID 10523647. 
• Cui K, Coutts M, Stahl J, Sytkowski AJ (2000). "Novel interaction between the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and the ribosomal protein FTE/S3a modulates erythropoiesis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (11): 7591–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.7591. PMID 10713066. 
• Gotoh T, Oyadomari S, Mori K, Mori M (2002). "Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway involving ATF6 and CHOP". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12343–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107988200. PMID 11805088. 
• Satoh T, Toyoda M, Hoshino H, et al. (2002). "Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma stimulates the growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible 153 gene in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells". Oncogene. 21 (14): 2171–80. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205279. PMID 11948400. 
• Qiao D, Im E, Qi W, Martinez JD (2002). "Activator protein-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein mediated GADD153 expression is involved in deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1583 (1): 108–16. doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00190-7. PMID 12069855. 
• Talukder AH, Wang RA, Kumar R (2002). "Expression and transactivating functions of the bZIP transcription factor GADD153 in mammary epithelial cells". Oncogene. 21 (27): 4289–300. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205529. PMID 12082616. 

External links

• DDIT3 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.