Jāņi

Jāņi ([jɑːɲi]) is a Latvian anniversary festival, which celebrates the summer solstice, the day when it has the shortest night and the longest day. Although the shortest night is usually on 21st or 22 June, the public holiday - Līgo Day and Jāņi Day is on 23rd and 24 June. The day before Jāņi was formerly known as Zāļu diena, which is now known as Līgo Day.

On Jāņi Eve people went to gather flowers, from which women made wreaths and put on their heads. Men's wreaths are usually made of oak leaves. Līgo songs are associated with fertility and disaster prevention.

Title

The name "Līgosvētki" was first used and introduced in 1900 in his Jāņi songs collection by Emilis Melngailis, who back in 1928 wrote in the newspaper "Jaunākās Ziņas":

Traditions

Picking Herbs of Jāņi, house and fence decoration

Almost all herbaceous plants belonged to Herbs of Jāņi, but in particular people collected bedstraw, cow wheat, vetchling, clover, etc. They embellished rooms, courtyards, yards, they also were wreathed into wreaths. Among trees, the most used decorations were birch boughs and oak branches. Houses were never decorated with aspen and alder branches: they were considered to be evil trees. Some Herbs of Jāņi were reaped on noon, others on Jāņi Eve, or on Jāņi morning when it had dew. In 1627, P. Einhorn wrote:

Ji

Ji or ji may refer to:

Jóhannes Ásbjörnsson

Jóhannes Ásbjörnsson (born 28 November 1979, in Reykjavik, Iceland), nicknamed Jói, is an Icelandic TV and radio show host.

TV career

In the year 1999, Jóhannes started a radio morning show with his collaborator of nine years, which became the most popular morning show in Iceland. In 2001, he started the TV show 70 minutes, which was modelled on their former radio show and ran for five consecutive years. Jóhannes and Simmi hired Sveppi and Auddi to the 70 minutes show, who have been on the air in Iceland since then.

In 2003 Jóhannes and Simmi started hosting Idol Stjörnuleit on the Stöð 2 station, which ran for three consecutive years and became the most popular TV program in Icelandic TV history.

Today Jóhannes and Simmi host the morning program on Saturday mornings at Bylgjan 98.9, Iceland's top radio station.

Notes

Sonnō jōi

Sonnō jōi (尊皇攘夷, Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians) was a Japanese political philosophy and a social movement derived from Neo-Confucianism; it became a political slogan in the 1850s and 1860s in the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa bakufu, during the Bakumatsu ("End of Bakufu") period.

Origin

Etymology

During the Warring States period of China, Chancellor Guan Zhong of Qi initiated a policy known as Zunwang Rangyi (尊王攘夷; lit. "Revere the King, Expel the Barbarians"), in reference to the Zhou kings. Adopting and adhering to it, Duke Huan of Qi assembled the Chinese feudal lords to strike down the threat of barbarians from China. For it, Confucius himself praised Guan Zhong for the preservation of Chinese civilization through the example of the contrast in the hairstyles and clothing styles between them and barbaric peoples. Through the Analects of Confucius, the Chinese expression came to be transmitted to Japan as sonnō jōi.

Philosophy

In Japan, the origin of the philosophy can be traced to works by 17th century Confucian scholars Yamazaki Ansai and Yamaga Sokō, who wrote on the sanctity of the Japanese Imperial house and its superiority to the ruling houses of other nations. These ideas were expanded by Kokugaku scholar Motoori Norinaga, and seen in Takenouchi Shikibu's theory of absolute loyalty to the Emperor (尊皇論 sonnōron), that implied that less loyalty should be given to the ruling Tokugawa Shogunate.

J-I

The J-I was a Solid-fuel rocket expendable launch vehicle developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. In an attempt to reduce development costs, it used the solid rocket booster from the H-II as the first stage, and the upper stages of the M-3SII. It flew only once, in 1996, in a partial configuration, to launch the demonstrator Hyflex. The vehicle never flew in the final orbital capability configuration, which should have launched the OICETS satellite (which was finally launched on Dnepr).

On the Hyflex mission a load of 1,054 kg was launched 1,300 km downrage.

See also

References

External links

J1

J1, J01, J.I, J-I or J-1 may refer to: