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"A word calls up echoes,
feelings intertwined with
thoughts,
reasons mingled with irrationality,
motives that lead nowhere,
and uncoordinated urges."
- Jacques
Ellul
"Words have power.
The wrong words can have devastating
results."
- Eric H. Potruch
"People regard the dictionary as this
sacred book in which they have 100%
faith.
They don't even
think of a human agency behind it."
- Michael
Agnes, editor-in-chief of Webster's New World College
Dictionary
"Words defined in terms of
other words in a system of abstract representation maroon us in a factitious,
anthropized, domesticated, and finite world, and render us susceptible to the
illusion that we can
manipulate and control reality in the same
way we can manipulate and
control its symbolic
representation." - Charles Eisenstein
"It is only because the word is mobile, because
it flies from one thing to another, that the intellect was sure to take it, sooner or
later, on the wing, while it was not settled on anything, and apply it to an
object which is not a thing and which, concealed till then, awaited the coming
of the word to pass from darkness to light." - Henri
Bergson
Word is defined
as:
News
Rumor
A promise
A brief statement
A
term; a vocable
The divine
Word of God.
Verbal contention; dispute.
A
constituent part of a sentence.
Talk; discourse; speech;
language.
Signal; order; command; direction.
An
exchange of
views on some topic.
The text of a
vocal composition; lyrics.
An assurance or
promise; sworn
intention.
The spoken
sign of a conception or an
idea.
A verbal signal; a password or
watchword.
The sacred writings of the
Christian religion.
Hostile or angry
remarks made back and forth.
Something said; an utterance, remark, or
comment.
New information about
specific and timely events.
A unit of
language that native
speakers can identify.
To use words, as in discussion; to argue; to
dispute.
A single component part of human speech or
language.
Account; tidings;
message; communication;
information.
A set of bits
constituting the smallest unit of addressable memory.
A brief remark or
observation; an
expression; a phrase, clause, or
short sentence.
The written or
printed character, or
combination of characters; symbolic expression of an object or
concept.
Language considered as implying the
faith or authority of the
individual who utters it;
statement; affirmation; declaration;
promise.
An articulate or vocal
sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal
sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom
expressing an idea or ideas.
Used
euphemistically in combination with the initial letter of a term that is considered offensive
or taboo or that one does not want to
utter.
A sound or a combination of
sounds, or its representation in writing or printing, that
symbolizes and communicates a meaning and may consist of
a single morpheme or of a combination of morphemes.
A
fundamental unit of storage in a
computer. The size of a word in a
particular computer architecture is one of
its chief distinguishing characteristics. The size of a
word is usually the same as the width
of the computer's data bus so it is possible
to read or write a
word in a single
operation. An instruction is usually one or more
words long and a
word can be used to hold a
whole number of characters. These
days, this nearly always means a whole number of bytes (eight bits),
most often 32 or 64 bits. In the past when six bit character sets were used, a
word might be a multiple of six bits,
e.g. 24 bits (four characters) in the ICL 1900 series.
"Creativity is a matter
of illusion. We take raw materials (ink,
paper, memory, perspective) and fashion something that, no
matter how faithful to our experience, is a
contrivance, an invention, an elaborate
shadow play. That's the
miracle - that we can
believe it at all, that these tools, imperfect as
they are, can stir us into trusting something
that is, on the most basic level, not actually there." - David L. Ulin
"Words
realize nothing, verify nothing to you, unless you have
suffered in your own person the thing which
the words try to describe. A
powerful agent is the right
word: it lights the reader's
way and makes it plain; a close
approximation to it will answer, and much traveling is done in a well-enough
fashion by its help, but we do not welcome it and applaud it and rejoice in it
as we do when the right one blazes out on us. Whenever we come upon one of
those intensely right words in a
book or a
newspaper the resulting effect is
physical as well as spiritual, and electrically
prompt: it tingles exquisitely around through the walls of the mouth and
tastes as tart and crisp and good as the autumn-butter that creams the sumac-berry."
-Mark Twain
AND YET "labels" are necessary for
identification of characteristics ..........
semiotics: the nature of
linguistic symbols
The referent, or "real object," being represented
by a linguistic symbol exists only in a conceptual structure held by the mind
of the individual envisioning the referent.
Referents that have
physical mirrors in reality are completely different animals than referents
that are found only in the imaginative conceptual structures of human minds and
thus those referents have often been taken to be meaningless.
But what
if parallel imaginative conceptual structures also exist in other minds? The
truth is they do.
These referents exist in every mind. Look closely and
the parallels become apparent as they are a reflection of the exterior world
seen through the lens of uniquely disparate human eyes . Complex codes of
internally replayed behavior are acted out in a manner similar to that in which
scripts are run in a browser window.
These parallel imaginative
conceptual structures were named by Carl Jung as "ground" ideas or archetypical
concepts shared universally by human beings.
As people move through the
stages of life, and although they all have unique experiences, common
conceptual structure surface with regularity.
These common conceptual
structures, archetypes, include epiphanies brought forth through living
experiences that propagate altered states of consciousness uniquely distinct
and divergent from all previous states encountered.
It is here that we
meet mystery !
"Words, particularly nouns, force an infinity of
unique objects and processes
into a finite number of categories. Words deny the uniqueness of each
moment and each experience, reducing it to a "this" or a "that".
They grant us the power to
manipulate and control (with logic) the
things they refer to, but at the price of immediacy. Something is lost, the essence
of a thing. By generalizing particulars into categories, words render
invisible the differences
among them. By labeling both A and B a tree, and conditioning ourselves to
that label, we become blind to the
differences between A and B. The label affects our
perception of reality and the way
we interact with it." -
Charles
Eisenstein
translate
1. to turn
from one language into another.
2. to
change the form, condition, nature, etc., of;
transform; convert.
3. to explain in terms that can be
more easily understood; interpret.
"Words by nature of their abstraction are inexact,
a degree removed from the particular objects, processes, and feelings to which
they refer, leaving us therefore to infer what the other person really meant,
and opening the way for misunderstanding. " -
Charles
EisensteinTranslation from one language to another is the
action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and subsequent production of
an equivalent text that attempts to communicate the same message as the
original language.
Translation
must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar
of the two languages, writing conventions, idioms and slang. Many times idioms
and slang, especially that used by social sub-cultures such as hippies, goths,
punks, preppies, hoods, gang-bangers, etcetera is
misinterpreted. Technical terms may be misinterpreted as well if the
translator is not versed in the technical
jargon of the profession.
A common misconception is that there exists a
simple word-for-word correspondence between any two
languages, and that
translation is a straightforward
mechanical process. A word-for-word translation does not take into account
context, grammar, conventions, idioms and slang.
Translators, in the course of their work,
have shaped the very languages into which
they have translated.
Translators
have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge and
ideas between cultures
and civilizations.
Translators do not always accurately
interpret the text.
Fidelity pertains to the extent to which a
translation accurately renders the meaning
of the source text, without adding to or subtracting from it, without
intensifying or weakening any part of the meaning, and otherwise without
distorting it.
Transparency pertains to the extent
to which a translation appears to a
native speaker of the target
language to have originally been written in
that language, and conforms to the language's grammatical, syntactic and idiomatic conventions.
Current Western
academic translation practices claim to
incorporate the concepts of "fidelity" and
"transparency" foremost but translators do
step beyond the bounds of
translation proper into the realm of
adaptation, with or without conscious
effort.
"While we are generally only conscious of messages
that are delivered linearly via some specific linguistic pattern, our nervous
system also absorbs messages of associational or juxtapositional natures." -
Edward Wilson & Wes Unruh
"In reality, man is a being who lives in society
therefore a language is required which makes it possible to be always passing
from what is known to what is yet to be known. There must be a language whose
signs - which cannot be infinite in number - are extensible to an infinity of
things. This tendency of the sign to transfer itself from one object to another
is characteristic of human language." - Henri Bergson
Language is
always in a state of flux.The only way humans can communicate concepts
that have no temporality is through symbols.
Common usage of
words shows the ability of adapting a
word to a new concept.
If the
word is commonly used in a way
different from how it had previously
been used then the new
concept becomes a definition of the
word.
A
reader or listener may not have the
same conceptual image as
the writer or speaker intended.
Corruption
of conceptual images occurs
in two vital links.
The first link is from the mind of the writer or speaker to the
expression of the
conceptual image. The
writer or speaker can not perfectly reconstruct the
conceptual image as he or
she must symbolize the conceptual image by
verbalization or by written symbology in
words.
The second link is from
the senses of the listener or reader, his or her
eyes and ears,
to his or her mind which must
hear or see the
word symbols
and then attempt to reconstruct the conceptual
image in his or her mind
as originally conceived.
Two individuals
communicating through
words, written or spoken, that come
from the same culture and social group will necessarily understand one another
better than those that come from a different culture
or social group.
Even within the same
culture and social groups
those with different experience sets such as age,
place of birth, social classification,
work experience
and hobbies will necessarily experience
corruption of the original conceptual image.
This corruption is inevitable.
Words definitions may be corrupted or interchanged
by some speakers or
writers with the intent to deceive as in
propaganda.
"The slovenliness of our
language makes it easier for us to have
foolish thoughts.
Words like objective, categorical,
effective, virtual, basic, primary, promote, constitute, exhibit, exploit,
utilize, eliminate, liquidate, are used to dress up a simple statement and give
an air of scientific
impartiality to biased judgements.
Adjectives like epoch-making, epic, historic,
unforgettable, triumphant, age-old, inevitable, inexorable, veritable, are used
to dignify the sordid process of international politics.
Writing that aims at
glorifying war usually takes on an archaic
color, its characteristic words being:
realm, throne, chariot, mailed fist, trident, sword, shield, buckler, banner,
jackboot, clarion.
Foreign
words and
expressions such as cul de
sac, ancien regime, deus ex machina,
mutatis mutandis, status quo, gleichschaltung,
weltanschauung, are used to give an air of culture and elegance.
Bad writers, and
especially scientific,
political, and sociological writers, are nearly
always haunted by the notion that Latin or Greek
words are grander than Saxon ones, and
unnecessary words like expedite,
ameliorate, predict, extraneous, deracinated, clandestine, subaqueous, and
hundreds of others constantly gain ground from their Anglo-Saxon numbers.
Meaningless words abound.
It is normal to come across long passages which are almost completely
lacking in meaning. The word
fascism has now no meaning except in so
far as it signifies "something not desirable." The
words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic, realistic, justice have each
of them several different meanings which cannot be reconciled with one another.
It is almost universally felt that when we call a country democratic we are
praising it: consequently the defenders of every kind of regime claim that it
is a democracy.
Words of this kind are often used in a
consciously dishonest way. That is,
the person who uses them has his own
private definition, but
allows his hearer to think he means something quite different. Statements like
Marshal Pétain was a true patriot, The Soviet press is the freest on
Earth, The Catholic Church is opposed to persecution,
are almost always made with intent to deceive.
Other
words used in variable meanings, in
most cases more or less dishonestly, are: class, totalitarian,
science, progressive, reactionary,
bourgeois, equality.
Orthodoxy, of whatever color, seems to demand a
lifeless, imitative style.
The great enemy of clear language is insincerity.
When there is a gap between one's real and one's declared aims, one
turns as it were instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms, like a
cuttlefish spurting out ink.
In our age there is no such thing as "keeping out of
politics." All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly,
hatred, and schizophrenia. One ought
to recognize that the present political chaos is connected with the decay of
language, and that one can probably bring
about some improvement by starting at the verbal end.
Political language -
and with variations this is true of all political
parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists - is designed to make lies sound
truthful and murder
respectable, and to give an
appearance of solidity to pure wind. One
cannot change this all in a moment, but one can
at least change one's own habits, and from time to time one can even, if one
jeers loudly enough, send some worn-out and useless phrase - some jackboot,
Achilles' heel, hotbed, melting pot, acid test, veritable inferno, or other
lump of verbal refuse - into the dustbin, where it belongs."
- George
Orwell
"In the beginning was the Word,
and the Word
was with God,
and the Word was God."
- John 1:1
... be it known ...
The Sounding Light
the sounding
light
prayer
chant
heart
the sounding light
quest
vision
passion
the sounding light
faith
love
divinity
the sounding
light
blessing
creation
WORD.
Rose Marie Raccioppi Poet Laureate
Orangetown, New York
The word "logos" in Greek has an
extraordinary range of meanings.
Logos means much more than
"word."
In the 300s BC, the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, logos described the faculty
of human reason, the
knowledge men
possessed of the material world and an
understanding of the
way in which the
substrate of the universe manifests
itself in and as individual objects.
Logos develops a
connotative sense of a deepened
understanding of
reality giving man
the ability to recognize reality for what
reality is and to
understand the
rational principle that governs all
Creation.
The Henrew philosopher
Philo of Alexandria saw logos as
"wisdom personified," as
God's creative
principle, the principle of coherence undergirding the
universe.
Logos, for
Jesus, refers to
divine logic/reason of
God. This definition is Hellenized
Judaism's adaptation of the classical Greek concept of
logos as the
will of God.
"Listening not to me
but to the
logos
it is wise to
agree
that all are one."
Heraclitus
"In thee ears heareth,
the
Word of the Lord,
in
thee eyes envisioneth
the Spirit of the Father,
in
thee heart toucheth
the Soul of God
and observe
these
differ not one from the other;
and the union of these is
Life."
- Hermes Trimegistus
Original Language
In the
beginning, there were no words as we know them today,
no representational
sounds, only the cries of the human animal.
The Original Language is
locked deep inside all of us,
ready to emerge whenever we shed the
inhibitions of our social culture.
The vocalizations of passionate
sexual abandon
are nothing other than the Original Language remembered.
These utterances do not have meaning in the way ordinary words do,
but they cannot be considered meaningless either;
they are vectors of a
communication far more honest and
intimate than any semantic exchange.
Any intensely emotional experience
may also elicit utterances of the Original Language - spontaneous vocalizations
of ecstasy, lamentation, glee,
fear, rage, and so forth, as well as the cooing noises we make at infants.
Surviving exclamations create primal reverberations in the body and
psyche - "Tada!" "Yahoo!" "Wow!" "Amen!" "Ahh" "Oooh" Yippee!" - words in which
the sound is the meaning.
Sanskrit words and phrases often have an
emotional resonance. Words like "Om," "Ah," "Ram" and others are considered not
to denote or represent the divine, but to actually be aspects of the divine.
In Native American languages a mysterious identity between sound and
meaning exists.
Names and nouns are an intrinsic and inseparable aspect of
the being named:
To name a Being, or any aspect or function of Creation,
actualizes that Reality.
Chinese culture has strong taboos against
speaking aloud dark possibilities,
lest it bring them into
Reality. Even in America, we still knock on
wood."
- adapted from
Charles
Eisenstein
"Our daily language, and,
in most cases, our so-called scientific language together with its
logic, originated mostly in a pre-scientific epoch and
are largely elementalistic and absolutistic; which must hamper successful
reasoning and solutions."
- Alfred Korzybski
"Language has
creative
force.Words are not merely symbols that point to
things; they call forth the reality and
power of that being mentioned." - Joseph Epes
Brown
Language evolves
over time. When words are spoken the individual hearing the words
builds a conceptual image
of the spoken symbols. When words are read the
individual reading the words builds a conceptual
image of those written symbols. As language
evolves over time the meaning of a word, the symbol
of a conceptual image, may
and typically does vary from the conceptual
image that was originally conveyed by that word. Many
times a word gains richness and depth as it evolves. Other times a words
meaning is entirely changed, the word symbol morphs,
from what it originally meant to what it means today.
For example the word symbol
liberal was originally
defined as of, pertaining to, or befitting a freeman, esp. free by birth.
Liberal acts became
those actions appropriate for an adult person of free birth - a lady or a
gentleman - an action inappropriate for a serf, slave, peasant, landless
mechanics (tailors, cobblers, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc.) or a child.
Over time a connotation developed with use of the word
liberal.
A lady or a
gentleman branded as a
liberal acted licentious, lacked
moral restraint and exercised his or her freedom
to live excessively. (Liberated from moral
constraint.)
When
liberal was first used to
describe a form of government a liberal government was defined as a
representational form of government, democratic or republican, as
opposed to monarchies.
In an monarchical system the laws coming
down from on high are designed to propitiate or appease the landed
aristocracy whereas in an ideal
representative form of government the laws are designed
by the people with the peoples overall welfare in mind - unlike America today.
(Of course if the people do not have accurate information they
will be unable to make balanced decisions.)
{Note: Monarchies have always enriched the "noble"
land owning moneyed class as they have
always been dependent upon them for physical (military) and financial (taxes)
support.}
Today those who define themselves as
liberal:
favor progress and reform of social
cultural institutions; favor or are in accord with the
concept of maximizing individual freedom; favor
freedom of action, esp. with respect to matters of personal belief or
expression; claim to be free from prejudice and bigotry while being
independently-minded, tolerant, unselfish and enlarged in spirit; claim not to
be bound by established traditional orthodox authoritarian attitudes,
conventional ideas, values, dogmas, etc. while being free of bigotry and
claiming to be tolerant of the ideas and behavior
of others.
A liberal
individual may show a willingness to make "liberal" donations; more than
sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse amounts freely or abundantly
given.
A liberal
interpretation of a rule or law is not strict or rigorous while
a liberal interpretation of the Bible is an
interpretation that is not literal.
A liberal education was defined
as an education based on the traditional arts and sciences that enlarge and
discipline the mind making it the master of its own powers - unlike the
educational system of today which is designed to create conforming automatons -
irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow whereas
today a liberal education
connotes liberation from moral
constraint..
Although the definition of a
liberal as being morally
unrestrained or licentious is obsolete the opponents of
liberalism have done everything in their
power to revive this obsolete definition by
branding
liberals as morally unrestrained
or licentious opponents of established moral systems. (Homosexuals are not necessarily
liberal! The
homosexual Log Cabin Republicans are
Corporatists!)
Usage:
Liberal, Generous. Liberal is freeborn, and generous is highborn. The former is
opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of
spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of
soul which in the past was peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, - a
spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the
feelings and happiness of others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the
sacrifices it makes; liberality, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.
"c. 1375; from old French, liberal "befitting free men, noble,
generous;" from Latin, liberalis "noble, generous;" literally, "pertaining to a
free man;" from liber "free;" from Proto-Indo-European base *leudheros; (Greek,
eleutheros "free"), probably originally "belonging to the people" (though the
precise semantic development is obscure), from *leudho- "people" (evolutions:
Old Church Slavonic, ljudu; Lithuanian, liaudis; Old English, leod; German,
Leute "nation, people"). Earliest reference in English is to the liberal arts
(Latin, artes liberales), the seven attainments directed to intellectual
enlargement, not immediate practical purpose, and thus deemed worthy of a free
man (the word in this sense was opposed to servile or mechanical). Sense of
"free in bestowing" is from 1387. With a meaning "free from restraint in speech
or action" (1490) liberal was used in the 16th century through the 17 century
as a term of reproach. It revived in a positive sense in the Enlightenment,
with a meaning "free from prejudice, tolerant," which emerged 1776-88. Purely
in reference to political opinion, "tending in favor of freedom and democracy"
it dates from 1801, from the French libéral, originally applied in
English by its opponents (often in French form and with suggestions of foreign
lawlessness) to the party favorable to individual political freedoms. But also
(especially in American politics) tending to mean "favorable to government
action to effect social change," which seems at times to draw more from the
religious sense of "free from prejudicial favor of traditional opinions and
established institutions" (and thus open to new ideas and plans of reform),
which dates from 1823." - Douglas Harper
"Language comes at the world
from a different angle, more oblique but in its own way just as telling, if you
read it right. The appearance of new phrases like "the liberal mindset" and
"hidden agenda"; the shifting meanings of elite, liberal, government, or
patriot; or even the fact that conservatives tend to say "you liberals" a lot
more than liberals say "you conservatives"- all these things testify to the way
political attitudes are embedded in the words that people use to express them."
- Geoffrey Nunberg
"Conservative, n. A
statesman who is enamored of existing evils, as distinguished from the Liberal,
who wishes to replace them with others." - Ambrose Bierce, Devil's
DictionaryArchaically a
conservative was a preservative
agent or principle. A conservative human was concerned with preserving his or
her social culture and traditional
way of living by protecting it from ruin, injury, innovation, or radical change
by avoiding excess. A conservative would want to
preserve the
land for future generations.
Conservatives would, naturally, frown
upon any behavior that fell outside of accepted and practiced
social cultural norms.
Over time the word symbol
conservative took on added connotations. A conservative now: is
reluctant to accept change and new ideas; favors
traditional views and values; is disposed
to maintain existing institutions in their current forms (sources of personal
income?); imagines himself or herself to be
cautiously moderate by conforming to the perceived standards and conventions
laid down by the media instead of being
unimaginatively conventional by adhering to those arbitrary conventions and
bogus standards.
As a modern political tradition, conservatism traces to
Edmund Burke's opposition to the French
Revolution (1790), but the word conservative is not found in his
writing. The word conservative was coined by
Edmund Burke's French disciples, (e.g.
Chateaubriand, who titled his journal defending clerical and political
restoration "Le Conservateur"). Conservative as the name of a British
political faction first appeared in an 1830 issue of the "Quarterly Review," in
an unsigned article sometimes attributed to John Wilson Croker. It replaced
Tory (q.v.) by 1843, reflecting both a change from the pejorative name (in use
for 150 years) and repudiation of some reactionary policies. Extended to
similar spirits in other parties from 1845.
"c. 1380, from Old French,
conserver; from Latin, conservare "to keep, preserve."- Douglas Harper
"Strictly
speaking, conservatism is not a political system,
but rather a way of looking at the civil order. The conservative of Peru ...
will differ greatly from those of Australia, for though they may share a
preference for things established, the institutions and customs which they
desire to preserve are not identical." -
Russell Kirk
The neo-conservatives of the
George W Bush administration
were radicals not conservatives.
Conservatives are interested in
preservation of existing resources. The
neo-conservatives (neo-liberals to
much the rest of the world) were only interested in
exploiting resources for short term gain. The
neo-conservatives must have known
that embarking upon the path of global
hegemony was a and
radical course of action which could result in injury or ruin to the
American political system. The
neo-conservatives were also not
concerned with bringing about radical change by fostering
excess' in the financial sectors through radical
deregulation.
linguistic relativity
hypothesis
weak linguistic relativity hypothesis
The weak linguistic relativity hypothesis claims that a
social culture's
language has a significant impact on how the
members of the social culture
perceive reality. For example, concepts or
ideas that are prevalent in the
social culture may be stated in
concise ways (using one or a few words), whereas concepts or ideas that are
foreign to the social culture are
more difficult to express (requiring many words.) Similarly, separate words may
exist to express distinctions considered important in that
social culture, or distinctions
concerning matters the social
culture considers important, whereas the same word may serve to refer to
what is in a different social
culture considered several different concepts.
strong linguistic relativity hypothesis
The strong linguistic relativity hypothesis claims that a
social culture's
language can express concepts unique to that
social culture that are impossible
to express in the language of another
social culture. This form of the
hypothesis has few adherents. It is generally argued that while some
concepts may be easier to express in some
languages than others, any
concept can be expressed by any
language with a sufficiently large vocabulary
(i.e. any language used as a first
language by human beings, as opposed to e.g.
trade jargons containing a very limited vocabulary), possibly in conjunction
with suitable extralinguistic information. (e.g. the
language of a
social culture that does not know
of cats may not have a word
for cats, but one could
still say in it something like "this type of animal here, even though we don't
have a word for it (yet).") Indeed, when any
social culture comes into
significant contact with a different social culture, it invariably either
borrows words from that social
culture's language to express
concepts alien to it, or creates new words with native origins to refer to the
foreign concepts.
Hermeneutics may be described as the development and study of
theories of the
interpretation and
understanding of texts.
In contemporary usage in religious studies,
hermeneutics refers to the study of the
interpretation of
religious texts.
Hermeneutics is more broadly used in contemporary
philosophy to denote the study of theories and
methods of the interpretation of all
texts and systems of meaning. The concept of "text"
is here extended beyond written documents to any number of
conceptual constructs subject
to interpretation,
such as experiences.
A hermeneutic is
defined as a specific system or method for
interpretation, or
a specific theory of
interpretation.
In essence hermeneutics involves cultivating
the ability to understand things from somebody else's point of view, to put
oneself in another's shoes, to empathize and to appreciate the
cultural and social forces
that may have influenced their outlook.
Hermeneutics is the process of
applying this understanding to
interpreting the
meaning of written texts and symbolic artifacts (such
as art or sculpture or architecture), which may be either historic or
contemporary.
Hermeneutic
Circle
The Hermeneutic Circle describes the
process of understanding a text hermeneutically.
The Hermeneutic Circle
refers to the idea that one's understanding of the
text as a whole is established by reference to the individual parts and one's
understanding of each individual part by reference to the whole. Neither the
whole text nor any individual part can be understood without reference to one
another, and hence, it is a circle. However, this circular character of
interpretation does
not make it impossible to
interpret a text;
rather, it stresses that the meaning of a text must be found within its
cultural, historical, and literary context.
A common use of the word hermeneutics refers to a process of scriptural
interpretation.
Throughout religious history
scholars and students of religious texts have sought to mine the
wealth of their meanings by developing a variety of
different systems of hermeneutics.
Philosophical hermeneutics in particular can be
seen as a development of scriptural hermeneutics, providing a
theoretical backing for various
interpretive
projects. Thus, philosophical and scriptural
hermeneutics can be seen as mutually reinforcing practices.
Collapsing Hermeneutic Circle
Exegesis is
synonymous with hermeneutics.Hermeneutics in
the Western world, as a general science of text
interpretation, can
be traced back to two sources.
One source was the ancient Greek
rhetoricians' study of literature, which came to fruition in Alexandria.
The other source has been the
Midrashic and Patristic traditions of Biblical exegesis, which were
contemporary with Hellenistic culture.
Scholars in antiquity expected a text to be
coherent, consistent in grammar,
style and outlook, and they amended obscure or "decadent" readings to comply
with their codified rules. By extending the
perception of inherent
logic of texts, Greeks were able to attribute works
with uncertain origin.
Exegesis (from the Greek - 'to lead out')
involves an extensive and critical
interpretation of
an authoritative text, especially of a holy scripture, such as of the Old and
New Testaments of the Bible, the Talmud, the Midrash, the
Qur'an, etc. In Christianity "revealed"
exegesis considers that the Holy Ghost
inspired the authors of the scriptural texts, and so the words of those texts
convey a divine revelation.
Exegesis also is used to describe the
elucidation of philosophical and legal texts.
Hermeneutic
passions are the desires to
know another and be known by them - to create
fellowship. By empathetically entering
into a text - in a living
interpretation of a text - the reader
both appreciates the text as written and relates the text to his/her own
personal experiences.
Unstable Hermeneutic
Circle
"Hermeneutical understanding can be
described as follows: first of all we have to understand and be guided by
understanding, while the understanding sphere is not limited to science. Other
disciplines, which do not belong to science but are essential in comprehending,
should also be involved. Distance is a domain of such
“understanding”. In result objectivity can appear only when methods
of investigations and measurements have been devised." - Marcin Furman,
Akademia Pomorska, Slupsku
The Revolving
Hermeneutic Sphere© and R. H. Sphere's Nine Children projects Hermeneutics
into the Multiverse allowing one to understand multiple aspects of the
individual Soul and of the Soul of the Creator and Sustainer throughout Space
and Time.
You know how to count ?
Where, you ask, is the Ninth
Child ?
The Ninth Child is lost and wandering !
But the Lost
Child has been sighted and will shortly join the R. H. Sphere's Eight Children
Octagon !
lost wandering
child
"Sin and love and fear are just sounds that people
who never sinned nor loved nor feared have for what they never had and cannot
have until they forget the words."- William
FaulknerPsycholinguistics or psychology
of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that
enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Intuitively
identified philosophically as an essential underlying component
psycholinguistics now makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science,
linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
Psycholinguistics
covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate an
understandable message out of vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as
the processes that make it possible to understand utterances, words, text, etc.
Developmental psycholinguistics studies children's ability to learn language.
Psycholinguistics, an
interdisciplinary field, is studied by researchers from a variety of different
backgrounds, such as psychology, cognitive science, linguistics, and speech and
language pathology.
Psycholinguistics study many
different topics, but these topics can generally be divided into answering the
following questions: (1) how do children acquire language (language
acquisition)?; (2) how do people process and comprehend language (language
comprehension)?; (3) how do people produce language (language production)?; and
(4) how do adults acquire a new language (second language acquisition)?
Subdivisions of psycholinguistics are based on
the components of human language.
Phonology is the study of speech sounds and
patterns.
Phonology has two children, Phonetics and
Phonemics.
Phonetics, the study of speech sounds,
has three children - Articulation, Auditory and Acoustic.
Articulation
: the examination and analysis of way in
which the different structures of the vocal tract, the articulators (tongue,
lips, jaw, palate, teeth etc.) interact to create the specific speech sounds in
human speech organs that create rhetoric.
Auditory : the examination
and analysis of the acquisition and
comprehension or the perception of phonetic sounds of words of a language
through hearing.
Acoustic : the examination and
analysis of the physical characteristics of
speech sounds such as color, loudness, amplitude, frequency, aroma, emotion,
the mean squared amplitude of the waveform, its duration, its fundamental
frequency, its frequency spectrum, and the relationship of these properties to
other branches of phonetics (e.g. articulatory or auditory phonetics), and to
abstract linguistic concepts like phoneme , phrases, utterances, exclamations,
hails and applause.
Phonemics classifies and analyzes interrelationship
of parts of speech while deliberately inspecting the evolutionary environmental
changes of the phonemes of a language - the way sounds are arranged in
languages helps you hear what sounds are important in that language. The unit
of analysis for phonemics is called
phonemes. "A phoneme is a sound that functions to distinguish one word from
another in a language." Examples: Tie Die, Bass Mass, Went Bent, But Nut Hut,
Feel Eel Peel, Cool Pool Fool, Woulda Shoulda Coulda
Morphology is the
identification, analysis and description of
the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such
as words, affixes, parts of speech, intonation/stress, or implied context
(words in a lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology). Morphological
typology represents a method for classifying languages according to the ways by
which morphemes are used in a language -from the analytic that use only
isolated morphemes, through the agglutinative ("stuck-together") and fusional
languages that use bound morphemes (affixes), up to the polysynthetic, which
compress lots of separate morphemes into single words. Or in other words the
study of how a language evolves or morphs as it rides the Rainbow Spiral of
Golden Time.
Syntax
is the consideration of language
patterns, speech structures and phrasal hierarchies which dictate how words
are combined to form sentences. Syntax attempts to formally describe how
structural relations between elements (lexical items/words and operators) in a
sentence contribute to its interpretation. Using principles of formal
logical analysis
Syntacticians attempt to represent accurately the proper hierarchical
relationship of elements which is crucial to the correct interpretation,
equivalent to native speaker intuition, of a given
language.
Where syntax is concerned with the formal structure of
sentences, semantics deals with the actual meaning of words and sentences.
Semantics is the study of intension, that is, the intrinsic meanings of
words and phrases. Much of the work in the field of philosophy of language is
concerned with the relation between meanings and the world, and this concern
cross-cuts formal semantics in several ways. For example, both philosophers of
language and semanticists make use of propositional, predicate and modal logics
to express their ideas about word meaning.
Pragmatics is concerned with
the role of context in the interpretation of meaning.
A researcher
interested in language comprehension may study word recognition during reading
to examine the processes involved in the extraction of orthographic,
morphological, phonological, and semantic information from patterns in printed
text.
A researcher interested in language production might study how
words are prepared to be spoken starting from the conceptual or semantic level.
transformational linguistics
"The only thing you need to do to break a negative
hypnotic spell that has been cast on you is begin to think rationally, to begin
to think critically. And if you decide that you choose this message as one
that's good for you, by all means sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride. But, if
you decide that this is not something you want to have in your life, just
simply analyze it, criticise it, ridicule it, and say "Hey, that's not how
the world works." And you'll have protected your mind from taking on board
something which you really don't need." ----The Power of Conversational
Hypnosis, Clifford Mee and Igor Ledochowski, re the section labeled "The Dark
Side of Hypnosis."
Real "hypnosis" explained.
Most people are
hypnotized and fall into trance every day of their lives in a common, every day
occurrence, whether for a brief second, or minutes or longer. A very basic
example is when you are driving a car while in deep thought, and you suddenly
realize you are much further along with no memory of driving the whole
distance. Another example, is when you are on an elevator watching the numbers
change and go into trance, and when everyone else gets off, you take that as a
nonverbal suggestion to get off, before you "wake up" and realize it is not
your floor. This elevator example is an example of mass hypnosis, where the
close rapport with the hypnotist is not necessary, because many people are both
hypnotized partly by whatever is causing the trance, and partly by the fact
that you are being "paced" or also hypnotized by everyone else in the elevator
doing the exact same thing as you.
The reason you cry from reading a
sad book or laugh at a clever allegory simply by reading ink on paper is
because of the mind's interaction with that information, which is also a
hypnotic process.
First, hypnosis, is "a particular altered state of
hyper-suggestibility brought about in an individual by a combination of
relaxation, fixation of attention, and suggestion."
Second, hypnosis is
also "bypassing the 'critical factor' and setting up acceptable selective
thinking." The "critical factor" is the conscious part of the brain that you
think with that has the ability to make rational logical judgments about what
information is received. The critical factor acts as a filter, determining what
can pass into the subconscious mind
which is a non-rational computer-like system which accepts everything in it as
absolute truth. That is why sidelining it is so dangerous.
Milton
Erickson maintained that trance is a common, everyday occurrence. For example,
when waiting for buses and trains, reading or listening, or even being involved
in strenuous physical exercise, it's quite normal to become immersed in the
activity and go into a trance state, removed from any other irrelevant stimuli.
These states are so common and familiar that most people do not consciously
recognize them as hypnotic phenomena.
Milton Erickson, had a broader
definition of the subconscious
mind, described as, "both the functioning of the dominant hemisphere of the
brain that occurs below the level of awareness, as well as the functioning of
the non-dominant hemisphere."
Ericksonian trance induction has three
dimensions to compare with
language patterns.
1.
Pacing and distraction of the dominant (language) hemisphere;
2.
Utilization of the dominant hemisphere language processing which occurs below
the level of awareness;
3. Accessing of the non-dominant hemisphere;
This three part process is extremely important. Essentially, hypnosis
is an altered and common state of mind involving intense focus, sidelining or
dissociation of the rational critical
thinking, and the state of hyper-suggestibility brought about while
the subconscious mind is the
dominant player. It happens while reading, listening to music, and even while
hearing a great speaker. We are talking about "transformational linguistics" -
language that literally changes who you are at your deepest levels, your
deepest passions, drives, and emotions while you are completely
unaware.
neurolinguisticsNeurolinguistics is
closely related to the field of psycholinguistics, which seeks to elucidate the
cognitive mechanisms of language by employing the traditional techniques of
experimental psychology; today, psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic theories
often inform one another, and there is much collaboration between the two
fields.
theoretical linguistics Theoretical
linguistics is the branch of linguistics that is most concerned with developing
models of linguistic knowledge. The fields that are generally considered the
core of theoretical linguistics are syntax, phonology, morphology, and
semantics. Although phonetics often informs phonology, it is often excluded
from the purview of theoretical linguistics, along with psycholinguistics and
sociolinguistics. Theoretical linguistics also involves the search for an
explanation of
linguistic universals, that is, properties all languages have in common.
In general, theoretical linguists propose models to explain the
structure of language and how language information is organized,
psycholinguists propose models and algorithms to explain how language
functions.
"The categorizations that are inherent in the
grammar and lexicon
of our language form
a preexisting set of categories of analysis
that we bring as a basic framework to everything we do."
- John M.
Ellis, Language, Thought and Logic
"Consisting of symbols
that are connected only arbitrarily to the objects, attributes, and processes they name,
language is indeed a separate human realm, a human-created map or
representation of reality. Language has evolved
toward an infinite regression of symbols, words
defined in terms of each other, that distances us from
reality. Abstracted too many levels from its source,
language maroons us in a factitious fantasy world, an unconscious story that
turns us into its victims." -
Charles
Eisenstein
"We have the
opportunity to build a Rainbow bridge into the Golden Age. But to do this, we
must do it together with all the colors of the Rainbow, with all the peoples,
all the beings of the world. We who are alive on Earth today are the Rainbow
Warriors who face the challenge of building this bridge." -- Brooke Medicine
Eagle, Daughter of the Rainbow, Crow and Lakota Rainbow Spiral
Dynamics© argues that human nature is
flexible and that humans are able, when forced by living conditions, to adapt
to their environment by constructing new, more complex, conceptual models of
the world that allow them to handle the complexity of new events and situations
. Each new conceptual model transcends and includes all previous models. These
conceptual models are organized around so-called vMemes: systems of core values
or collective intelligences, applicable to both individuals, sub groups and
entire social cultures.
In Rainbow Spiral
Dynamics©, the term vMeme refers to a core value system, acting as an
organizing principle, which expresses itself through memes (self-propagating
ideas, habits, or cultural practices). The prepended and superscripted letter v
indicates these are not fundamental memes but value systems which include them.
Each individual/sub clique/social culture embodies a mixture of the value
patterns, with varying degrees of intensity in each set of values. Rainbow
Spiral Dynamics© realizes that there are infinite stages of progress and
regression over linear time dependent upon the life circumstances of the
individual/sub clique/social culture, which are constantly in flux.
Attaining higher stages of development is not
synonymous with attaining a defined values system but rather a flexible moral
values system of least harm in sync with the evolving aspects of reality. All
stages of intellectual development co-exist in reality, therefore a social
cultural vMeme may, at any stage of development, lead to undesirable outcomes
with respect to the health of the human and
social environment. All new
vMeme systems are built on adaptations of previous levels and seek to solve
problems created by living in those earlier ways.
First tier vMeme
levels are focused on different themes for existence, and include almost all of
the worldviews, cultures, and mental attitudes up to today. Rainbow Spiral
Dynamics© works toward vMeme perspective convergence onto the Golden Path
which is the vMeme term for all multidimensional perspective aspects of the
Golden Rule also know as the Rule of Reciprocity.
Rainbow Spiral
Dynamics© does explicitly define a category of people spiraling up from
from all races, all walks of life, all religious faiths, all
tribal elements, all academic persuasions, all
ideological backgrounds labeled "Spiral Wizards" who have attained
equilibrium around the "higher level"
vMeme of the Golden Path.
See
thought image
See
Rudyard Kipling
See
Aldous Leonard Huxley
See
Natural Law or the Law of God
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This web site is not a commercial web site and
is presented for educational purposes only.
This website defines a new
perspective with which to engage reality to which its author adheres. The
author feels that the falsification of reality outside personal experience has
created a populace unable to discern propaganda from reality and that this has
been done purposefully by an international corporate cartel through their
agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of reality on the human race.
Religious intolerance occurs when any group refuses to tolerate religious
practices, religious beliefs or persons due to their religious ideology. This
web site marks the founding of a system of philosophy named The Truth of the
Way of Life - a rational gnostic mystery religion based on reason which
requires no leap of faith, accepts no tithes, has no supreme leader, no church
buildings and in which each and every individual is encouraged to develop a
personal relation with the Creator and Sustainer through the pursuit of the
knowledge of reality in the hope of curing the spiritual corruption that has
enveloped the human spirit. The tenets of The Truth of the Way of Life are
spelled out in detail on this web site by the author. Violent acts against
individuals due to their religious beliefs in America is considered a
“hate crime."
This web site in no way condones violence. To the
contrary the intent here is to reduce the violence that is already occurring
due to the international corporate cartels desire to control the human race.
The international corporate cartel already controls the world central banking
system, mass media worldwide, the global industrial military entertainment
complex and is responsible for the collapse of morals, the elevation of
self-centered behavior and the destruction of global ecosystems. Civilization
is based on cooperation. Cooperation does not occur at the point of a
gun.
American social mores and values have declined precipitously over
the last century as the corrupt international cartel has garnered more and more
power. This power rests in the ability to deceive the populace in general
through mass media by pressing emotional buttons which have been preprogrammed
into the population through prior mass media psychological operations. The
results have been the destruction of the family and the destruction of social
structures that do not adhere to the corrupt international elites vision of
a perfect world. Through distraction and
coercion the direction of thought of the bulk of the population has been
directed toward solutions proposed by the corrupt international elite that
further consolidates their power and which further their purposes.
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