Palme d'Or
| Golden Palm Palme d'Or |
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|---|---|
 |
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| Location | Cannes |
| Country | France |
| Presented by | Festival International du Film de Cannes |
| First awarded | 1955 |
The Palme d'Or (French pronunciation: [palm(ə) dɔʁ]; English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival.[1] It was introduced in 1955 by the organising committee. From 1939 to 1954, the highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.[2]
In 1964, it was replaced once again by the Grand Prix du Festival[3] before being reintroduced in 1974 as the Palme d'Or again.
Contents
History
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In 1954, the Jury of the Festival de Cannes suggested giving an award titled the "Grand Prix of the International Film Festival" with a new design each year from a contemporary artist. At the end of 1954, the Festival's Board of Directors invited several jewellers to submit designs for a palm, in tribute to the coat of arms of the City of Cannes.[4] The original design by the jeweller Lucienne Lazon had the bevelled lower extremity of the stalk forming a heart, and the pedestal a sculpture in terracotta by the artist Sébastien.
In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to Delbert Mann for Marty, and it remained the highest award until 1964, when copyright issues with the Palme led the Festival to return to the Grand Prix. In 1975 the Palme d'Or was reintroduced and has since remained the symbol of the Cannes Film Festival, awarded every year to the director of the Best Feature Film of the Official Competition, and presented in a case of pure red Morocco leather lined with white suede.
As of 2015, Jane Campion is the only female director to have won the Palme d'Or, for The Piano. However, in 2013 the actresses, Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux, were also awarded the Palme d'Or, as they received the award as the lead actors of Blue Is the Warmest Colour, alongside director Abdellatif Kechiche—the decision by the Steven Spielberg-headed jury was considered unorthodox. These choices were due to a Cannes policy that forbids the Palme d'Or-winning film from receiving any additional awards, thereby preventing the Jury from rewarding the film's two main actresses.[5] According to Spielberg: "Had the casting been 3% wrong, it wouldn't have worked like it did for us".[6]
Since its reintroduction, the prize has been redesigned several times. At the beginning of the 1980s, the rounded shape of the pedestal, bearing the palm, gradually transformed to become pyramidal in 1984. In 1992 Thierry de Bourqueney redesigned the Palme and its pedestal in hand-cut crystal. The current design, first presented in 1997, is by Caroline Scheufele from Chopard. A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the 24-carat gold palm, which was hand-cast into a wax mould and presented in a case of blue Morocco leather.[7]
The winner of the 2014 Palme d'Or, Winter Sleep—a Turkish film by Nuri Bilge Ceylan—occurred during the same year as the 100th anniversary of Turkish cinema. Upon receiving the award, Ceylan dedicated the prize to both the "young people" involved in the ongoing political unrest of Turkey and the workers who were killed in the Soma mine disaster, which occurred on the day prior to the commencement of the awards event.[8]
Award winners
Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (1939–54)
- Note: The Palme d'Or for Union Pacific was awarded in retrospect at the 2002 festival. The festival's debut was to take place in 1939, but it was cancelled due to World War II. The organisers of the 2002 festival presented part of the original 1939 selection to a professional jury of six members. The films were: Goodbye Mr. Chips, La Piste du Nord, Lenin in 1918, The Four Feathers, The Wizard of Oz, Union Pacific, and Boefje.
Palme d'Or (1955–63)
| Year | Film | Original Title | Director(s) | Nationality of Director (at time of film's release) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 | Marty § | Delbert Mann |  United States |
|
| 1956 | The Silent World | Le monde du silence | Jacques Cousteau and Louis Malle |  France |
| 1957 | Friendly Persuasion | William Wyler | United States |
|
| 1958 | The Cranes Are Flying | Letyat zhuravli / Летят журавли | Mikhail Kalatozov |  Soviet Union |
| 1959 | Black Orpheus § | Orfeu Negro | Marcel Camus | France |
| 1960 | The Sweet Life § | La dolce vita | Federico Fellini |  Italy |
| 1961 | The Long Absence § | Une aussi longue absence | Henri Colpi | France |
| Viridiana § | Luis Buñuel |  Mexico |
||
| 1962 | Keeper of Promises § | O Pagador de Promessas | Anselmo Duarte |  Brazil* |
| 1963 | The Leopard § | Il gattopardo | Luchino Visconti | Italy |
Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (1964–74)
| Year | Film | Original Title | Director(s) | Nationality of Director (at time of film's release) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | The Umbrellas of Cherbourg | Les parapluies de Cherbourg | Jacques Demy | France |
| 1965 | The Knack ...and How to Get It | Richard Lester |  United Kingdom |
|
| 1966 | A Man and a Woman | Un homme et une femme | Claude Lelouch | France |
| The Birds, the Bees and the Italians | Signore e signori | Pietro Germi | Italy |
|
| 1967 | Blowup | Michelangelo Antonioni | Italy |
|
| 1968 | No award this year because of the May 1968 events in France. | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1969 | If.... | Lindsay Anderson | United Kingdom |
|
| 1970 | MASH | Robert Altman |  United States |
|
| 1971 | The Go-Between | Joseph Losey | United Kingdom |
|
| 1972 | The Working Class Goes to Heaven § | La classe operaia va in paradiso | Elio Petri | Italy |
| The Mattei Affair § | Il caso Mattei | Francesco Rosi | Italy |
|
| 1973 | The Hireling | Alan Bridges | United Kingdom |
|
| Scarecrow | Jerry Schatzberg | United States |
||
| 1974 | The Conversation | Francis Ford Coppola | United States |
Palme d'Or (1975–present)
* denotes first win
§ denotes unanimous win
Multiple award winners
Alf Sjöberg (1946, 1951)
Francis Ford Coppola (1974, 1979)
Bille August (1988, 1992)
Emir Kusturica (1985, 1995)
Shohei Imamura (1983, 1997)
Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne (1999, 2005)
Michael Haneke (2009, 2012)
Ken Loach (2006, 2016)
Honorary Palme d'Or
In 2002 the festival began to sporadically award a non-competitive Honorary Palme d'Or to directors who had achieved a notable body of work but who had never won a competitive Palme d'Or. In 2011 the festival announced that the award would be given out annually, however plans for this fell through and it was not awarded again until four years later in 2015.[9] American director Woody Allen was the inaugural recipient while pioneering French filmmaker Agnès Varda was the first woman to receive the award in 2015.[10][11] In 2016 Jean-Pierre Léaud became the first person to be awarded solely for acting.[12]
| Year | Recipient | Profession | Nationality of Recipient |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Woody Allen | Director | United States |
| 2008 | Manoel de Oliveira | Director |  Portugal |
| 2009 | Clint Eastwood | Actor/Director | United States |
| 2011 | Bernardo Bertolucci | Director | Italy |
| 2015 | Agnès Varda | Director | France |
| 2016 | Jean-Pierre Léaud | Actor | France |
See also
- Golden Bear, the highest prize awarded at the Berlin Film Festival
- Golden Lion, the highest prize awarded at the Venice Film Festival
References
- ^ "A brief history of the Palme d'or - Festival de Cannes 2013 (International Film Festival)". Festival-cannes.com.
- ^ "Awards at Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm". The Internet Movie Database. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ^ "Awards at Cannes Film Festival: Grand Prize of the Festival". The Internet Movie Database. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ^ "A Brief History of the Palme d'Or". Festival de Cannes. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ^ "Submit a film : Rules & Regulations 2014 - Festival de Cannes 2013 (International Film Festival)". Festival-cannes.fr.
- ^ "Conference of the Jury of 66th Festival de Cannes". Festival de Cannes. 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-27.
- ^ "A brief history of the Palme d'Or - Festival de Cannes 2013 (International Film Festival)". Festival-cannes.com.
- ^ Xan Brooks (25 May 2014). "Cannes festival ready for shut-eye after Winter Sleep wins Palme d'Or". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ "A Honorary Palme at the opening ceremony of the Festival de Cannes". Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Director Agnes Varda to receive honorary Palme d'Or". Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "AGNÈS VARDA TO RECEIVE HONORARY PALME D'OR". Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Szalai, Georg. "Cannes: Jean-Pierre Leaud to Get Honorary Palme d'Or". Retrieved 31 May 2016.
External links
- Palme d'Or Winners, 1976 to present, by gross box-office
- Festival-cannes.com
- Cannes Film Festival IMDB
