Corot Camille 卡米耶·柯洛 (1796-1875) Realism French

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tonykwk39@gmail.com Camille Corot 卡米耶·柯洛 (1796–1875) was an influential 19th century French painter who is best known for his landscape paintings. His artistic style inspired many Impressionists. “All I really want to do in life ... is to paint landscapes. This firm resolve will stop me forming any serious attachments. That is to say, I shall not get married.” —Camille Corot Born in Paris, France, in 1796, Camille Corot's prosperous family gave him the money he needed to pursue his passion for painting. Though it took some time before Corot was a success, by the 1850s his work was extremely popular. He is known for his landscape paintings and an artistic style that inspired many Impressionists. Corot painted more than 3,000 pictures during his career. He died in Paris in 1875. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot was born into a well-to-do family on July 16 (some sources say July 17), 1796, in Paris, France. His Swiss-born mother ran a fashionable milliner's shop and his father worked as a draper, or textile merchant. Corot tried to apprentice as a draper, but failed in the endeavor. By the time he was 26, his parents had given him an allowance that would permit him to pursue his passion for painting. Corot first had lessons with Achille-Etna Michallon, then became a student of Jean-Victor Bertin. Both Michallon and Bertin had studied with landscape painter Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes, and Corot began to paint landscapes as well. From 1825 to 1828, Corot lived in Italy and honed his artistic skills. These influential years saw him painting the city of Rome and its countryside, as well as Naples and Ischia. It was a happy time for Corot, during which he declared to a friend, "All I really want to do in life ... is to paint landscapes. This firm resolve will stop me forming any serious attachments. That is to say, I shall not get married." In 1827, Camille Corot's "The Bridge at Narni" was displayed at the Paris Salon (a prestigious art exhibition). Corot continued to send paintings to the Salon and was awarded a Salon medal at the age of 37. He became a regular exhibitor in the 1830s, with paintings such as "Hagar in the Wilderness" (Salon of 1835). Corot returned to Italy in 1834, where he sketched and painted places such as Florence, Pisa, Genoa and Venice. He would continue to travel throughout his life, visiting Avignon and the south of France as well as Switzerland and other European locations. On trips abroad and while in France, Corot worked outdoors during the warmer months, trying to capture views and landscapes. These sketches were not meant to be displayed or sold—the larger pictures Corot intended to exhibit were produced inside his studio. Though he received some critical praise, only a few of Corot's paintings sold in the 1830s. In 1840, the state purchased one of his works, "The Little Shepherd." Corot's artistic achievements were further acknowledged in 1846 when he was made a member of the Legion of Honor (an order of merit that was established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802). In the 1850s, Corot began to paint in a softer style, using a restricted palette of colors. Collectors and dealers were scrambling to buy his work as the 1850s progressed. Six of his pieces were seen at the Exposition Universelle of 1855, where Corot won a gold medal and sold a painting to Emperor Napoleon III. Corot also created paintings that focused more on emotion and atmosphere. He described them as "souvenirs," as they were based on memories of places he had visited. Corot was in close contact with and influenced by painters of the realistic Barbizon school, such as Jean-François Millet, Théodore Rousseau and Charles-François Daubigny. Corot's landscapes and plein air sketches also served to inspire Impressionist painters. Corot even taught some Impressionists, such as Camille Pissaro. Devoted to painting, Corot continued to work throughout his life, producing more than 3,000 pictures during his career. In the 1860s, he also experimented with photography and printmaking, and used a technique called cliché-verre to combine the two. Corot died in Paris on February 22, 1875, at the age of 78. 讓-巴蒂斯·卡米耶·柯洛（Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot，1796年7月16日－1875年2月22日），法國著名的巴比松派畫家，也被譽為19世紀最出色的抒情風景畫家。畫風自然，樸素，充滿迷矇的空間感。 柯洛的一生都住在巴黎，到26歲才從商人轉為畫家，曾在畫家米謝隆與柏坦的畫室中學畫，相當喜愛寫生與旅遊，追循着他的畫，可說踏遍了全法國，以及英國、荷蘭、瑞士及意大利鄉間等地。從柯洛的畫中尤其可看出他很喜歡意大利田野風景。然而柯洛也很擅於畫肖像畫，歐洲就有不少博物館也收藏了他的肖像畫。 柯洛從1825年開始旅行，並一路素描和油畫寫生他所看到的風景，初期他的風格並不明顯，最多只是畫面的明度較高，自然光線較為具體，但到了1850年代，經過了25年的訓練，柯洛在54歲時發展出他獨特的羽毛狀畫風，此時他所畫的樹，雲，都相當具有蓬鬆感，畫面構圖也開始單純化，有人認為柯洛的畫中充滿了大量的詩意，多半是指他此時的風景畫。 他最著名的風景畫「維拉達福瑞小鎮」Ville d'Avray也是畫於這個時期（1867年） 他也是19世紀留下畫作量最豐富的畫家之一。