List of loanwords in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

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The Iranian languages are also situated in around the Assyrian Homeland, where they'd influence the language.[1]

Loanwords in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic came about mostly due to the contact between Assyrian people and Arabs, Iranians, Kurds and Turks in modern history.[2] Assyrian is one of the few languages where most of its foreign words come from a different language family (in this case, Indo-European).[3]

Unlike other Neo-Aramaic languages, Assyrian has an extensive number of Iranian loanwords[4] Depending on the dialect, Arabic loanwords are also reasonably present.[5] Some Turkish loanwords are Turkified words that are of Arabic origin.[6] To note, some of the loanwords are revised (or "Assyrianized"), and therefore would sound somewhat different to the original word.[7] Furthermore, some loanwords may also have a slightly different meaning from the original language.[8]

Arabic[edit]

  • Askari (soldier)
  • 'Alasas (as if) - Some speakers
  • Donyeh (world)
  • Bas (but) - Some speakers
  • Boori (water pipe)
  • Chakooch (hammer)
  • Hookma (government)
  • Ës-Haal (diarrhea) - Some speakers
  • Fendëq (hotel)
  • Ghareeb (strange) - Some speakers
  • Ghëssāla (washing machine)
  • Mistashfa (hospital)
  • Mūḥāmi (lawyer) - Some speakers
  • Ooty (clothes iron)
  • Qëssa (forehead)
  • Sadra (chest)
  • Sākh (healthy)
  • Sejën (jail) - Some speakers
  • Thelaja (fridge) - Some speakers
  • Ṭiyāra (aeroplane)
  • Yëlla (hurry up) - Some speakers

Persian[edit]

  • Bush (more)
  • Changal (fork)
  • Charëk (quarter)
  • Dardeh (sorrow)
  • Dormānah (medicine)
  • Erzan (cheap)
  • Ham (also)
  • Halbat (of course)
  • Hasanay (easy)
  • Hitch (nothing)
  • Janta (purse/backpack)
  • Jëzdan (wallet)
  • Khiyāra (cucumber)
  • Majboor (duty or obligation)
  • Mees (table)
  • Pënjara (window)
  • Ranga (colour)
  • Rāzi (satisfied)
  • Sabab (reason)
  • Tambal (lazy)
  • Zahmat (difficult)
  • Zarda (yellow)

Kurdish[edit]

  • Aqlah (leg)
  • Chapleh (left)
  • Choom (close/lock)
  • Hāwar (aid)
  • Hiwi (hope)
  • Qësset (story)
  • Qonya (drain/well)
  • Razël (to shame or scold)

Turkish[edit]

  • Balkët (maybe)
  • Dabanja (gun)
  • Doos (straight or flat)
  • Gamee (ship)
  • Hāzir (ready) - Arabic, Hadir (حاضر), "present'"
  • Kësmet (fate) - Arabic, Qisma (قسمة), "division"
  • Pashgër (towel)
  • Rahat (comfortable) - Arabic, Raha (راحة), "relaxation"
  • Tamëz (clean) - Arabic, Tamy (تمييز), "refinement"
  • Taws (dust)
  • Zengën (rich) - Persian, Sang (سنگين), "precious"

Other[edit]

These foreign words are borrowed from European languages:

  • Atmābël (automobile/car) - French, English
  • Benzën (petroleum) - German: Benzin
  • Batree (battery) - French: batterie, English: battery
  • Beera (beer) - Old English: beor, from Latin: bibere
  • Bomba (bomb) - English: bomb, French: bombe, from Greek: bombos
  • Bye (bye)
  • Chayik (to check or inspect) - Middle English; the noun and exclamation from Old French eschec, from medieval Latin scaccus, via Arabic from Persian šāh ("king")
  • Glāss (glass cup) - English
  • Hallao (hello)
  • Jamëka (twin) - Latin: geminus, French: jumeau, Portuguese: gêmeo
  • Lōrry (truck) - British English
  • Māshina (train or car) - English: machine, from Greek: mekhos
  • Maymūn (monkey) - Middle Greek: Mimoun (μῖμων), "imitators, ape, mimicry"
  • Pākët (packet) - English, Anglo-Norman French
  • Sōleh (shoe) - English: sole, Latin: solea, Kurdish: sol
  • Stumkā (stomach) - English, Greek: stómachos; Latin: stomachus
  • Stōp (stove/heater) - English
  • Tëlvizion (television) and Tileefon (telephone) - English, Latin, Greek

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Yohannan, A. (1900). A Modern Syriac-English dictionary, Part 1, New York.
  2. ^ Yildiz, Efrem, The Aramaic Language and Its Classification, Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 14:1 (2000)
  3. ^ Odisho, Edward Y. (2002). „The role of aspiration in the translation of loanwords in Aramaic and Arabic“, W. Arnold and H. Bobzin (ed.): Sprich doch mit deinen Knechten aramäisch, wir verstehen es! 60 Beiträge zur Semitistik. Festschrift für Otto Jastrow zum 60 Geburtstag, Wiesbaden, 489-502.
  4. ^ Younansardaroud, Helen, Synharmonism in the Särdä:rïd Dialect, Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 12:1 (1998): 77-82.
  5. ^ The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar, Geoffrey Khan, Boston, 2008
  6. ^ Yamauchi, Edwin M., Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic or Syriac? A Critique of the Claims of G.M. Lamsa for the Syriac Peshitta, Bibliotheca Sacra 131 (1974): 320-331.
  7. ^ Yohannan, Abraham, Some Remarks Regarding the Pronunciation of Modern Syriac, Journal of the American Oriental Society 25 (1904)
  8. ^ Younansardaroud, Helen (1999). „The influence of Modern Persian on the Särdä:rïd dialect“, Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, XIII:65-68.
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