List of popes

Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St Peter's (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.^[1] The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.^[2]

The term pope (Latin: papa "father") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.^[3]

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. The first 31 popes, with the exception of Zephyrinus, died as martyrs (see List of murdered popes).

Chronological list[edit]

1st millennium[edit]

1st century[edit]

Popes of the 1st century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
1	1 April 33 – 29 June 67 (7009108064800000000♠34 years, 89 days)	St Peter PETRUS	Šimʻōn Kêpâ (Simon Peter)	Bethsaida, Galilea, Roman Empire	32 / 66	Apostle of Jesus from whom he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18–19. Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. He is recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.^[4] The St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
2	29 June 67 – 23 September 76 (7008291448800000000♠9 years, 86 days)	St Linus Papa LINUS	Linus	Volterra, Italia, Roman Empire	57 / 66	Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
3	23 September 76 – 26 April 88 (7008365796000000000♠11 years, 216 days)	St Anacletus (Cletus) Papa ANACLETUS (Cletus)	Anacletus	Athens, Greece, Roman Empire	51 / 63	Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.^[5]
4	26 April 88 – 23 November 99 (7008365364000000000♠11 years, 211 days)	St Clement I Papa CLEMENS	Clemens	Rome, Roman Empire	53 / 64	Feast day 23 November. Issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
5	23 November 99 – 27 October 107 (7008250106400000000♠7 years, 338 days)	St Evaristus Papa EVARISTUS	Evaristus	Bethlehem, Judea, Roman Empire	49 / 55	Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.

2nd century[edit]

Popes of the 2nd century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
6	27 October 107 – 3 May 115 (7008237146400000000♠7 years, 188 days)	St Alexander I Papa ALEXANDER	Alexander	Rome, Roman Empire	30 / 40	Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March.
7	3 May 115 – 3 April 125 (7008312962400000000♠9 years, 335 days)	St Sixtus I Papa XYSTUS	Xystus	Rome, Roman Empire	73 / 83	Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	3 April 125 – 5 January 136 (7008339508800000000♠10 years, 277 days)	St Telesphorus Papa TELESPHORUS	Telesphorus	Terranova da Sibari, Italia, Roman Empire	58 / 69	Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr.
9	5 January 136 – 11 January 140 (7008126748800000000♠4 years, 6 days)	St Hyginus Papa HYGINUS	Ygínos	Athens, Greece, Roman Empire	58 / 62	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10	11 January 140 – 11 July 155 (7008489002400000000♠15 years, 181 days)	St Pius I Papa PIUS	Pius	Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire	59 / 74	Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11	11 July 155 – 20 April 166 (7008340027200000000♠10 years, 283 days)	St Anicetus Papa ANICETUS	Anicitus	Emesa, Syria, Roman Empire	63 / 74	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.
12	20 April 166 – 22 April 174 (7008252633600000000♠8 years, 2 days)	St Soter Papa SOTERIUS	Soterius	Fondi, Aquileia, Roman Empire	46 / 55	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13	22 April 174 – 26 May 189 (7008476301600000000♠15 years, 34 days)	St Eleuterus Papa ELEUTHERIUS	Eleutherius	Nicopoli, Epirus, Roman Empire	45 / 59	Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14	26 May 189 – 28 July 199 (7008321019200000000♠10 years, 63 days)	St Victor I Papa VICTOR	Victor	Africa, Roman Empire	34 / 44	Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.
15	28 July 199 – 20 December 217 (7008580564800000000♠18 years, 145 days)	St Zephyrinus Papa ZEPHYRINUS	Zephyrinus	Rome, Roman Empire	39 / 57	Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus, the Money Changer and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred, he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.

3rd century[edit]

Popes of the 3rd century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
16	20 December 217 – 14 October 222 (7008246650400000000♠7 years, 298 days)	St Callixtus I Papa CALLISTUS	Callistus	Rome, Roman Empire	62 / 67	Martyred; feast day 14 October.
17	14 October 222 – 23 May 230 (7008239997600000000♠7 years, 221 days)	St Urban I Papa URBANUS	Urbanus	Rome, Roman Empire	47 / 55	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
18	21 August 230 – 28 September 235 (7008161071200000000♠5 years, 38 days)	St Pontian Papa PONTIANUS	Pontianus	Rome, Roman Empire	55 / 60	First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.^[6]^[7]
19	21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (7006371520000000000♠43 days)	St Anterus Papa ANTERUS	Anterus	Petilia, Italia, Roman Empire	55 / 56	Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 January 236 – 20 January 250 (7008442670400000000♠14 years, 10 days)	St Fabian Papa FABIANUS	Fabianus	Rome, Roman Empire	36 / 50	Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	6 March 251 – 25 June 253 (7007727056000000000♠2 years, 111 days)	St Cornelius Papa CORNELIUS	Cornelius	Rome, Roman Empire	71 / 73	Died a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (7007218592000000000♠253 days)	St Lucius I Papa LUCIUS	Lucius	Rome, Roman Empire	48 / 49	Feast day 5 March.
23	12 March 254 – 2 August 257 (7008107028000000000♠3 years, 143 days)	St Stephen I Papa STEPHANUS	Stephanus	Rome, Roman Empire	54 / 57	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	30 August 257 – 6 August 258 (7007294624000000000♠341 days)	St Sixtus II Papa XYSTUS Secundus	Sixtus	Athens, Greece, Roman Empire	42 / 43	Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
25	22 July 259 – 26 December 268 (7008297583200000000♠9 years, 157 days)	St Dionysius Papa DIONYSIUS	Dionysius	Terranova da Sibari, Italia, Roman Empire	59 / 68	Feast day 26 December.
26	5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (7008188805600000000♠5 years, 359 days)	St Felix I Papa FELIX	Felix	Rome, Roman Empire	63 / 68
27	4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (7008281577600000000♠8 years, 337 days)	St Eutychian Papa EUTYCHIANUS	Eutychianus	Luni, Italia, Roman Empire	35 / 43
28	17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (7008389664000000000♠12 years, 127 days)	St Caius Papa CAIUS	Gaius	Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire	38 / 51	Martyred (according to legend) Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 26 April 304 (7008246909600000000♠7 years, 301 days)	St Marcellinus Papa MARCELLINUS	Marcellinus	Rome, Roman Empire	46 / 54	Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

4th century[edit]

Popes of the 4th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
30	27 May 308 –16 January 309 (7007202176000000000♠234 days)	St Marcellus I Papa MARCELLUS	Marcellus	Italia, Roman Empire	53 / 54	Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).
31	18 April 309 – 17 August 309 (7007104544000000000♠121 days)	St Eusebius Papa EUSEBIUS	Eusebius	Sardinia, Roman Empire	54 / 54	Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.
32	2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (7007797040000000000♠2 years, 192 days)	St Miltiades (Melchiades) Papa MILTIADES	Miltiades (or Melchiades)	Africa, Roman Empire	41 / 44	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.
33	31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (7008691567200000000♠21 years, 334 days)	St Sylvester I Papa SILVESTER	Silvester	Sant'Angelo a Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire	29 / 50	Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea (325). Under him was built: the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica. Donation of Constantine.
34	18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (7007227232000000000♠263 days) (290 - 7 October 336)	St Mark Papa MARCUS	Marcus	Rome, Roman Empire	46 / 46	One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October.
35	6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (7008479066400000000♠15 years, 66 days)	St Julius I Papa IULIUS	Iulius	Rome, Roman Empire	57 / 72	Arian controversy. Credited with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations: The Epiphany stayed on the traditional date, and the Nativity was added on 25 December.
36	17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (7008453038400000000♠14 years, 130 days)	Liberius Papa LIBERIUS	Liberius	Rome, Roman Empire	42 / 56	Earliest pope not canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.^[8]
37	1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (7008574171200000000♠18 years, 71 days)	St Damasus I Papa DAMASUS	Damasus	Egitania, Lusitania, Roman Empire	60 / 78	Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome (382).
38	17 December 384 – 26 November 399 (7008471528000000000♠14 years, 344 days)	St Siricius Papa SIRICIUS	Sicirius	Rome, Roman Empire	50 / 65	His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.^[9]
39	27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (7007650160000000000♠2 years, 22 days)	St Anastasius I Papa ANASTASIUS	Anastasius	Rome, Roman Empire	59 / 61	Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

5th century[edit]

Popes of the 5th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
40	21 December 401 – 12 March 417 (7008480362400000000♠15 years, 81 days)	St Innocent I Papa INNOCENTIUS	Innocentius	Albano, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire	41 / 57	Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric.
41	18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (7007560088000000000♠1 year, 283 days)	St Zosimus Papa ZOSIMUS	Zosimas	Mesoraca, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire	47 / 48
42	28 December 418 – 4 September 422 (7008116272800000000♠3 years, 250 days)	St Boniface I Papa BONIFACIUS	Bonifacius	Rome, Roman Empire	43 / 47
43	10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (7008311752800000000♠9 years, 321 days)	St Celestine I Papa COELESTINUS	Coelestinus	Campania, Roman Empire	42 / 52	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
44	31 July 432 – 18 August 440 (7008254016000000000♠8 years, 18 days)	St Sixtus III Papa SIXTUS Tertius	Sixtus	Rome, Roman Empire	42 / 50
45	29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (7008666338400000000♠21 years, 42 days)	St Leo I (Leo the Great) Papa LEO MAGNUS	Leo	Etruria, Roman Empire	50 / 71	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (7008198158400000000♠6 years, 102 days)	St Hilarius Papa HILARIUS	Hilarius	Sardinia, Western Roman Empire	46 / 53
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (7008473968800000000♠15 years, 7 days)	St Simplicius Papa SIMPLICIUS	Simplicius	Tivoli, Western Roman Empire	38 / 53	Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer.
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (7008283046400000000♠8 years, 354 days)	St Felix III (Felix II) Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)	Felice	Rome, Western Roman Empire	43 / 52	Sometimes called Felix II.
49	1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (7008149126400000000♠4 years, 265 days)	St Gelasius I Papa GELASIUS	Gelasius	Kabylie, Africa, Western Roman Empire	82 / 86	The last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".^[10]
50	24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (7007626616000000000♠1 year, 360 days)	Anastasius II Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus	Anastasius	Rome, Western Roman Empire	51 / 53	Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.
51	22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (7008494013600000000♠15 years, 239 days)	St Symmachus Papa SYMMACHUS	Simmaco	Sardinia, Western Roman Empire	38 / 54

6th century[edit]

Popes of the 6th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 6 August 523 (7008285487200000000♠9 years, 17 days)	St Hormisdas Papa HORMISDAS	Hormisdas	Frosinone, Latium et Campania, Western Roman Empire	39 / 48	Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.
53	13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (7007871344000000000♠2 years, 278 days)	St John I Papa IOANNES	Giovanni	Siena, Etruria, Western Roman Empire	53 / 56
54	12 July 526 – 22 September 530 (7008132451200000000♠4 years, 72 days)	St Felix IV (Felix III) Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)	Felice	Samnium, Kingdom of Odoacer	36 / 40	Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55	22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (7007652752000000000♠2 years, 25 days)	Boniface II Papa BONIFATIUS Secundus	Bonifacio	Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer	40 / 42	Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.
56	2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (7007740016000000000♠2 years, 126 days)	John II Papa IOANNES Secundus	Mercurio	Rome, Western Roman Empire	63 / 65	First pope not to use his personal name. This was because of the Roman god, Mercury.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (7007307584000000000♠356 days)	St Agapetus I Papa AGAPITUS	Agapito	Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer	45 / 46	Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	8 June 536 – 11 March 537 (7007238464000000000♠276 days)	St Silverius Papa SILVERIUS	Silverius	Ceccano, Ostrogothic Kingdom	36 / 37	Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas.
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (7008574084800000000♠18 years, 70 days)	Vigilius Papa VIGILIUS	Vigilius	Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer	37 / 55
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (7008154051200000000♠4 years, 322 days)	Pelagius I Papa PELAGIUS	Pelagius	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	51 / 56	Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (7008409881600000000♠12 years, 361 days)	John III Papa IOANNES Tertius	Catelinus	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	41 / 54
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (7008131241600000000♠4 years, 58 days)	Benedict I Papa BENEDICTUS	Benedictus	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	50 / 54
63	26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (7008321883200000000♠10 years, 73 days)	Pelagius II Papa PELAGIUS Secundus	Pelagius	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	59 / 70	Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64	3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (7008426751200000000♠13 years, 191 days)	St Gregory I (Gregory the Great) Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS	Gregorio O.S.B.	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	50 / 64	The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

7th century[edit]

Popes of the 7th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
65	13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (7007455544000000000♠1 year, 162 days)	Sabinian Papa SABINIANUS	Sabinianus	Blera, Eastern Roman Empire	74 / 76
66	19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (7007229824000000000♠266 days)	Boniface III Papa BONIFATIUS Tertius	Bonifacio	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	67 / 67
67	15 September 608 – 8 May 615 (7008209649600000000♠6 years, 235 days)	St Boniface IV Papa BONIFATIUS Quartus	Bonifacio O.S.B.	Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire	48 / 55	First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68	13 November 615 – 8 November 618 (7007942192000000000♠2 years, 360 days)	St Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) Papa ADEODATUS sive DEUSDEDIT	Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	45 / 48	Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called Papal bulls.
69	23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (7008184226400000000♠5 years, 306 days)	Boniface V Papa BONIFATIUS Quintus	Bonifacio	Naples, Eastern Roman Empire	44 / 50
70	27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (7008408931200000000♠12 years, 350 days)	Honorius I Papa HONORIUS	Onorio	Campania, Eastern Roman Empire	40 / 53	Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)
71	28 May 640 – 2 August 640 (7006570240000000000♠66 days)	Severinus Papa SEVERINUS	Severino	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	55 / 55
72	24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (7007567864000000000♠1 year, 292 days)	John IV Papa IOANNES Quartus	Giovanni	Zadar, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire	40 / 42
73	24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (7008204120000000000♠6 years, 171 days)	Theodore I Papa THEODORUS	Theodoro	Jerusalem, Eastern Roman Empire	32 / 39	The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74	5 July 649 – 12 November 655 (7008200577600000000♠6 years, 130 days)	St Martin I Papa MARTINUS	Martino	Near Todi, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire	59 / 65	Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 August 654 – 2 June 657 (7007886896000000000♠2 years, 296 days)	St Eugene I Papa EUGENIUS	Eugenio	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	39 / 42
76	30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (7008457444800000000♠14 years, 181 days)	St Vitalian Papa VITALIANUS	Vitaliano	Segni, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	57 / 72
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (7008132019200000000♠4 years, 67 days)	Adeodatus II Papa ADEODATUS Secundus	Adeodatus O.S.B.	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	51 / 55	Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78	2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (7007453816000000000♠1 year, 160 days)	Donus Papa DONUS	Dono	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	66 / 68
79	27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (7007801360000000000♠2 years, 197 days)	St Agatho Papa AGATHO	Agatho	Palermo, Eastern Roman Empire	101 / 104	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
80	17 August 682 – 3 July 683 (7007276480000000000♠320 days)	St Leo II Papa LEO Secundus	Leone	Aidone, Eastern Roman Empire	71 / 72	Feast day 3 July.
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (7007273024000000000♠316 days)	St Benedict II Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus	Benedetto	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	49 / 50	Feast day 7 May.
82	23 July 685 – 2 August 686 (7007324216000000000♠1 year, 10 days)	John V Papa IOANNES Quintus	Giovanni	Syria, Eastern Roman Empire	50 / 51
83	21 October 686 – 21 September 687 (7007289440000000000♠335 days)	Conon Papa CONON	Conon	Thrace, Eastern Roman Empire	56 / 57
84	15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (7008433317600000000♠13 years, 267 days)	St Sergius I Papa SERGIUS	Sergorio	Palermo, Eastern Roman Empire	37 / 51	Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.^[10]

8th century[edit]

Popes of the 8th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
85	30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (7008100980000000000♠3 years, 73 days)	John VI Papa IOANNES Sextus	Giovanni	Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire	46 / 50
86	1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (7007830736000000000♠2 years, 231 days)	John VII Papa IOANNES Septimus	Giovanni	Rossano, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire	55 / 57	The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87	15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (7006172800000000000♠20 days)	Sisinnius Papa SISINNIUS	Sisinius	Syria, Rashidun Caliphate	58 / 58
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7008222199200000000♠7 years, 15 days)	Constantine Papa COSTANTINUS sive CONSTANTINUS	Constantinus	Syria, Umayyad Caliphate	44 / 51	Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.
89	19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (7008496519200000000♠15 years, 268 days)	St Gregory II Papa GREGORIUS Secundus	Gregorio	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	46 / 62	Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90	18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (7008337608000000000♠10 years, 255 days)	St Gregory III Papa GREGORIUS Tertius	Gregorio	Syria, Umayyad Caliphate	41 / 51	The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Was previously the last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013.
91	3 December 741 – 22 March 752 (7008325080000000000♠10 years, 110 days)	St Zachary Papa ZACHARIAS	Zacharias	Santa Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire	62 / 73	Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
(never con- secrated)	22 March 752 – 25 March 752 (7005259200000000000♠3 days) (Never took office as pope)	Pope-elect Stephen (Stephen II) Papa Electus STEPHANUS (STEPHANUS Secundus)	Stephano	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	52 / 52	Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election; never receiving episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (7008160466400000000♠5 years, 31 days)	Stephen II (Stephen III) Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)	Stephano	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	38 / 43	Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (7008318168000000000♠10 years, 30 days)	St Paul I Papa PAULUS	Paolo	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	57 / 67	Brother of Stephen II.
94	7 August 768 – 24 January 772 (7008109360800000000♠3 years, 170 days)	Stephen III (Stephen IV) Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)	Stefano	Syracuse, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	45 / 49	Sometimes called Stephen IV. The Lateran Council (769).
95	1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (7008754164000000000♠23 years, 328 days)	Adrian I Papa HADRIANUS	Adriano	Rome, Duchy of Rome (formally Eastern Roman Empire)	60 / 83
96	26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (7008645753600000000♠20 years, 169 days)	St Leo III Papa LEO Tertius	Leone	Rome, Papal States	45 / 66	Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy.

9th century[edit]

Popes of the 9th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
97	22 June 816 – 24 January 817 (7007186624000000000♠216 days)	Stephen IV (Stephen V) Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)	Stefano	Rome, Papal States	46 / 47	Sometimes called Stephen V.
98	25 January 817 – 11 February 824 (7008222372000000000♠7 years, 17 days)	St Paschal I Papa PASCHALIS	Pasquale	Rome, Papal States	42 / 49	Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99	8 May 824 – 27 August 827 (7008104263200000000♠3 years, 111 days)	Eugene II Papa EUGENIUS Secundus	Eugenio	Rome, Papal States	44 / 47
100	31 August 827 – 10 October 827 (7006345600000000000♠40 days)	Valentine Papa VALENTINUS	Valentino	Rome, Papal States	47 / 47
101	20 December 827 – 25 January 844 (7008508032000000000♠16 years, 36 days)	Gregory IV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus	Gregorio	Rome, Papal States	37 / 54	Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.
102	25 January 844 – 27 January 847 (7007948456000000000♠3 years, 2 days)	Sergius II Papa SERGIUS Secundus	Sergorio	Rome, Papal States	54 / 57
103	10 April 847 – 17 July 855 (7008260928000000000♠8 years, 98 days)	St Leo IV Papa LEO Quartus	Leo O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States	57 / 65	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104	29 September 855 – 7 April 858 (7007795312000000000♠2 years, 190 days)	Benedict III Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States	45 / 48
105	24 April 858 – 13 November 867 (7008301557600000000♠9 years, 203 days)	St Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great) Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS	Niccolò	Rome, Papal States	39 / 48	Encouraged missionary activity.
106	14 December 867 – 14 December 872 (7008157788000000000♠5 years, 0 days)	Adrian II Papa HADRIANUS Secundus	Adriano	Rome, Papal States	75 / 80
107	14 December 872 – 16 December 882 (7008315748800000000♠10 years, 2 days)	John VIII Papa IOANNES Octavus	Giovanni	Rome, Papal States	52 / 62
108	16 December 882 – 15 May 884 (7007446040000000000♠1 year, 151 days)	Marinus I Papa MARINUS	Marino	Gallese, Papal States	52 / 54	Sometimes also known as and called "Martin II."
109	17 May 884 – 15 September 885 (7007420120000000000♠1 year, 121 days)	St Adrian III Papa HADRIANUS Tertius	Adriano	Rome, Papal States	49 / 50
110	14 September 885 – 4 September 891 (7008188460000000000♠5 years, 355 days)	Stephen V (Stephen VI) Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)	Stefano	Rome, Papal States	45 / 51	Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111	6 October 891 – 4 April 896 (7008141868800000000♠4 years, 181 days)	Formosus Papa FORMOSUS	Formoso	Ostia, Papal States	75 / 80	Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod.
112	11 April 896 – 26 April 896 (7006129600000000000♠15 days)	Boniface VI Papa BONIFATIUS Sextus	Bonifacio	Rome, Papal States	90 / 90
113	22 May 896 – 14 August 897 (7007388152000000000♠1 year, 84 days)	Stephen VI (Stephen VII) Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)	Stefano	Rome, Papal States	46 / 47	Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114	14 August 897 – November 897 (7006794880000000000♠92 days)	Romanus Papa ROMANUS	Romano	Gallese, Papal States	47 / 47
115	December 897 - 20 December 897 (7006172800000000000♠20 days)	Theodore II Papa THEODORUS Secundus	Theodoro	Rome, Papal States	57 / 57
116	18 January 898 – 5 January 900 (7007619704000000000♠1 year, 352 days)	John IX Papa IOANNES Nonus	Giovanni O.S.B.	Tivoli, Papal States	58 / 60	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

10th century[edit]

Popes of the 10th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
117	1 February 900 – 30 July 903 (7008110138400000000♠3 years, 179 days)	Benedict IV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States	60 / 63
118	30 July 903 – December 903 (7007106272000000000♠123 days)	Leo V Papa LEO Quintus	Leone	Ardea, Papal States	58 / 58
119	29 January 904 – 14 April 911 (7008227383200000000♠7 years, 75 days)	Sergius III Papa SERGIUS Tertius	Sergorio	Rome, Papal States	44 / 51	"Saeculum obscurum" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.
120	14 April 911 – June 913 (7007671760000000000♠2 years, 47 days)	Anastasius III Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius	Anastasio	Rome, Papal States	46 / 48
121	7 July 913 – 5 February 914 (7007184032000000000♠213 days)	Lando Papa LANDUS	Lando	Sabina, Papal States	48 / 49
122	March 914 – 28 May 928 (7008449496000000000♠14 years, 89 days)	John X Papa IOANNES Decimus	Giovanni	Tossignano, Romagna (formally part of the Papal States)	54 / 68
123	28 May 928 – December 928 (7007160704000000000♠186 days)	Leo VI Papa LEO Sextus	Leone	Rome, Papal States	48 / 48
124	3 February 929 – 13 February 931 (7007639792000000000♠2 years, 10 days)	Stephen VII (Stephen VIII) Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)	Stefano	Rome, Papal States	49 / 51	Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125	15 March 931 – December 935 (7008148694400000000♠4 years, 260 days)	John XI Papa IOANNES Undecimus	Giovanni	Rome, Papal States	21 / 25
126	3 January 936 – 13 July 939 (7008111175200000000♠3 years, 191 days)	Leo VII Papa LEO Septimus	Leone O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States	41 / 44	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – 30 October 942 (7008104004000000000♠3 years, 108 days)	Stephen VIII (Stephen IX) Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)	Stefano	Rome, Papal States	39 / 42	Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128	30 October 942 – 1 May 946 (7008110484000000000♠3 years, 183 days)	Marinus II Papa MARINUS Secundus	Marino	Rome, Papal States	42 / 46
129	10 May 946 – 8 November 955 (7008299743200000000♠9 years, 182 days)	Agapetus II Papa AGAPITUS Secundus	Agapito	Rome, Papal States	41 / 50
130	16 December 955 – 6 December 963 (7008283219200000000♠8 years, 356 days)	John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	18 / 26	Third Pope not to use his personal name, after John II and John III. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum".
130	26 February 964 – 14 May 964 (7006673920000000000♠78 days)	John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	27 / 27	Murdered in 964.
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964 (7006276480000000000♠32 days)	Benedict V Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus	Benedictto	Rome, Papal States	49 / 49	Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132	23 June 964 – 1 March 965 (7007216864000000000♠251 days)	Leo VIII Papa LEO Octavus	Leone	Rome, Papal States	49 / 50	Became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed, after being antipope from 963 to 964, in opposition to Pope John XII and Pope Benedict V. An appointee of the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.
133	1 October 965 – 6 September 972 (7008218808000000000♠6 years, 341 days)	John XIII Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus	Giovanni dei Crescenzi	Rome, Papal States	45 / 52	Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134	19 January 973 – 8 June 974 (7007436536000000000♠1 year, 140 days)	Benedict VI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus	Benedictto	Rome, Papal States	48 / 49	Deposed and murdered.
135	October 974 – 10 July 983 (7008276912000000000♠8 years, 283 days)	Benedict VII Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus	Benedictto	Rome, Papal States	44 / 53
136	December 983 – 20 August 984 (7007228096000000000♠264 days)	John XIV Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Canepanova	Pavia, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire	43 / 44	Fourth Pope not to use his personal name, after John II, John III and John XII.
137	20 August 985 – 1 April 996 (7008335016000000000♠10 years, 225 days)	John XV Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus	Giovanni di Gallina Alba	Rome, Papal States	35 / 46	The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138	3 May 996 – 18 February 999 (7007882576000000000♠2 years, 291 days)	Gregory V Papa GREGORIUS Quintus	Bruno von Kärnten (Bruno of Carinthia)	Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	24 / 27	First German Pope and fifth not to use his personal name. Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003 (7008129686400000000♠4 years, 40 days)	Sylvester II Papa SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d'Aurillac	Belliac, France	53 / 57	The first French pope.

2nd millennium[edit]

11th century[edit]

Popes of the 11th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
140	16 May 1003 – 6 November 1003 (7007150336000000000♠174 days)	John XVII Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Siccone Secchi	Rome, Papal States	48 / 48
141	25 December 1003 – 18 July 1009 (7008175500000000000♠5 years, 205 days)	John XVIII Papa IOANNES Duodevi- cesimus	Giovanni Fasano	Rapagnano, Papal States	43 / 49
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (7007878256000000000♠2 years, 286 days)	Sergius IV Papa SERGIUS Quartus	Pietro Boccadiporco, O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States	44 / 47
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (7008375386400000000♠11 years, 327 days)	Benedict VIII Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus	Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	32 / 44
144	14 May 1024 – 6 October 1032 (7008264988800000000♠8 years, 145 days)	John XIX Papa IOANNES Undevices- imus	Romano dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	49 / 57
145	21 October 1032 – 31 December 1044 (7008384825600000000♠12 years, 71 days)	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	20 / 32	1st Term.
146	13 January 1045 – 10 March 1045 (7006483840000000000♠56 days)	Sylvester III Papa SILVESTER Tertius	Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani	Rome, Papal States	45 / 45	Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147	10 March 1045 – 1 May 1045 (7006449280000000000♠52 days)	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	33 / 33	2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
148	5 May 1045 – 20 December 1046 (7007513432000000000♠1 year, 229 days)	Gregory VI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus	Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni	Rome, Papal States	45 / 46	Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
149	24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (7007249696000000000♠289 days)	Clement II Papa CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg	Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	41 / 42	Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
150	8 November 1047 – 17 July 1048 (7007217728000000000♠252 days)	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	35 / 36	3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated.
151	16 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (7006207360000000000♠24 days)	Damasus II Papa DAMASUS Secundus	Poppo de' Curagnoni	Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 48
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (7008163490400000000♠5 years, 66 days)	St Leo IX Papa LEO Nonus	Bruno von Count of Dagsbourg	Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	47 / 51	In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.^[11]
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (7007722736000000000♠2 years, 106 days)	Victor II Papa VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg	Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 39
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (7007206496000000000♠239 days)	Stephen IX (Stephen X) Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)	Frédéric de Lorraine, O.S.B.	Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 38	Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (7007832464000000000♠2 years, 233 days)	Nicholas II Papa NICOLAUS Secundus	Gerard de Bourgogne	Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	63 / 66	In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (7008364672800000000♠11 years, 203 days)	Alexander II Papa ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	Baggio, Milan, Holy Roman Empire	46 / 58	Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (7008381542400000000♠12 years, 33 days)	St Gregory VII Papa GREGORIUS Septimus	Ildebrando Aldo- brandeschi di Soana O.S.B.	Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 60	Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome.^[4] Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
158	24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (7007414936000000000♠1 year, 115 days)	Bl. Victor III Papa VICTOR Tertius	Dauferio o Desiderio O.S.B.	Benevento, Duchy of Benevento	60 / 61	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (7008359143200000000♠11 years, 139 days)	Bl. Urban II Papa URBANUS Secundus	Odon de Lagery, O.S.B.	Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France	46 / 57	Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (7008581947200000000♠18 years, 161 days)	Paschal II Papa PASCHALIS Secundus	Raniero Ranieri O.S.B.	Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 68	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.

12th century[edit]

Popes of the 12th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
161	24 January 1118 – 29 January 1119 (7007319896000000000♠1 year, 5 days)	Gelasius II Papa GELASIUS Secundus	Giovanni dei Caetani, O.S.B.	Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta	57 / 58	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
162	2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (7008185004000000000♠5 years, 315 days)	Callixtus II Papa CALLISTUS Secundus	Gui de Bourgogne, Comte de Bourgogne	Quingey, Franche-Comté	59 / 64	Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
163	21 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (7008162453600000000♠5 years, 54 days)	Honorius II Papa HONORIUS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, Can.Reg.	Fiagnano, Romagna, Holy Roman Empire	64 / 70	Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.
164	14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (7008429429600000000♠13 years, 222 days)	Innocent II Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.	Rome, Papal States	48 / 61	Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (7007141696000000000♠164 days)	Celestine II Papa COELESTINUS Secundus	Guido da Castello	Città di Castello, Papal States	58 / 59
166	12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (7007293760000000000♠340 days)	Lucius II Papa LUCIUS Secundus	Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, Can.Reg.	Bologna, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 50	Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (7008264816000000000♠8 years, 143 days)	Bl. Eugene III Papa EUGENIUS Tertius	Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno, O.Cist.^[12]	Montemagno, Republic of Pisa	44 / 52	Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168	12 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (7007439992000000000♠1 year, 144 days)	Anastasius IV Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus	Corrado della Suburra	Rome, Papal States	80 / 81
169	4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (7008149644800000000♠4 years, 271 days)	Adrian IV Papa HADRIANUS Quartus	Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.	Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England	54 / 59	First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery .
170	7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (7008693554400000000♠21 years, 357 days)	Alexander III Papa ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando Bandinelli	Siena, Republic of Siena	59 / 81	Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.
171	1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (7008133574400000000♠4 years, 85 days)	Lucius III Papa LUCIUS Tertius	Ubaldo Allucignoli	Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	84 / 88
172	25 November 1185 – 20 October 1187 (7007599832000000000♠1 year, 329 days)	Urban III Papa URBANUS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire	65 / 67
173	21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (7006492480000000000♠57 days)	Gregory VIII Papa GREGORIUS Octavus	Alberto de Morra, Can.Reg.	Benevento, Papal States	79 / 79	Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191^[13] (7008102535200000000♠3 years, 91 days)	Clement III Papa CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	Rome, Papal States	57 / 61
175	30 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (7008213883200000000♠6 years, 284 days)	Celestine III Papa COELESTINUS Tertius	Giacinto Bobone Orsini	Rome, Papal States	85 / 92	Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis ("Going in Thy path")
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (7008584452800000000♠18 years, 190 days)	Innocent III Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lotario dei Conti di Segni	Gavignano, Papal States	37 / 55	Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities.^[14]Endorsed the Franciscan Order.

13th century[edit]

Popes of the 13th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (7008336571200000000♠10 years, 243 days)	Honorius III Papa HONORIUS Tertius	Cencio Savelli	Rome, Papal States	–	Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (7008455284800000000♠14 years, 156 days)	Gregory IX Papa GREGORIUS Nonus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, O.F.S	Anagni, Papal States	–	Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary (1235). Initiated the Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179	25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (7006138240000000000♠16 days)	Celestine IV Papa COELESTINUS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	–	Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (7008361389600000000♠11 years, 165 days)	Innocent IV Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	–	Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (7008203515200000000♠6 years, 164 days)	Alexander IV Papa ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne	Jenne, Papal States	–	Established an Inquisition in France.
182	29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (7007976104000000000♠3 years, 34 days)	Urban IV Papa URBANUS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	Troyes, County of Champagne, France	–	Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183	5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (7008120420000000000♠3 years, 298 days)	Clement IV Papa CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Faucoi	Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France	–
—	29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271	Interregnum				Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (7008137548800000000♠4 years, 131 days)	Bl. Gregory X Papa GREGORIUS Decimus	Tebaldo Visconti, O.F.S	Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	–	Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.
185	21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276 (7007132192000000000♠153 days)	Bl. Innocent V Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.	County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	–	Member of the Dominican Order.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276 (7006328320000000000♠38 days)	Adrian V Papa HADRIANUS Quintus	Ottobuono Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	–	Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (7007219456000000000♠254 days)	John XXI Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)	Lisbon, Portugal	–	Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a John XX, because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected, decided to skip the number XX and be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX
188	25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (7007865296000000000♠2 years, 271 days)	Nicholas III Papa NICOLAUS Tertius	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Rome, Papal States	–
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (7008129168000000000♠4 years, 34 days)	Martin IV Papa MARTINUS Quartus	Simon de Brion	Meinpicien, Touraine, France	–
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (7007632016000000000♠2 years, 1 day)	Honorius IV Papa HONORIUS Quartus	Giacomo Savelli	Rome, Papal States	–
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (7008129859200000000♠4 years, 42 days)	Nicholas IV Papa NICOLAUS Quartus	Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.	Lisciano, Papal States	–	Member of the Franciscan Order.
—	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (7007139104000000000♠161 days)	St Celestine V Papa COELESTINUS Quintus	Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B.	Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily	–	One of the few popes who resigned voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (7008277603200000000♠8 years, 291 days)	Boniface VIII Papa BONIFATIUS Octavus	Benedetto Caetani	Anagni, Papal States	–	Formalized the Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.

14th century[edit]

Popes of the 14th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
194	22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (7007223776000000000♠259 days)	Bl. Benedict XI Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.	Treviso	–	Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant") Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (7008280022400000000♠8 years, 319 days)	Clement V Papa CLEMENS Quintus	Bertrand de Got	Villandraut, Gascony, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
—	20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (7008578318400000000♠18 years, 119 days)	John XXII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse	Cahors, Quercy, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision.
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7008231789600000000♠7 years, 126 days)	Benedict XII Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.	Saverdun, County of Foix, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336).
198	7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (7008333979200000000♠10 years, 213 days)	Clement VI Papa CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger, O.S.B.	Maumont, Limousin, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
199	18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (7008307173600000000♠9 years, 268 days)	Innocent VI Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	Les Monts, Limousin, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.
200	28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (7008259545600000000♠8 years, 82 days)	Bl. Urban V Papa URBANUS Quintus	Guillaume (de) Grimoard, O.S.B.	Grizac, Languedoc, France	–	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7008228420000000000♠7 years, 87 days)	Gregory XI Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	Maumont, Limousin, France	–	Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.
202	8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (7008363549600000000♠11 years, 190 days)	Urban VI Papa URBANUS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	–	Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
203	2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (7008470664000000000♠14 years, 334 days)	Boniface IX Papa BONIFATIUS Nonus	Pietro Tomacelli	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	–	Western Schism.

15th century[edit]

^R This pope resigned his office.
^B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

Popes of the 15th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (7007648432000000000♠2 years, 20 days)	Innocent VII Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67 ^[B]	Western Schism
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (7008271123200000000♠8 years, 216 days)	Gregory XII Papa GREGORIUS Duodecimus	Angelo Correr	Venice, Republic of Venice	^[R] 80 / 91	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII. Last pope to resign until Pope Benedict XVI.
—	4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (7008418975200000000♠13 years, 101 days)	Martin V Papa MARTINUS Quintus	Oddone Colonna, O.F.S	Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62	Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.
207	3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (7008504208800000000♠15 years, 357 days)	Eugene IV Papa EUGENIUS Quartus	Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A.	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 63 ^[B]	Member of the Augustinian Order. Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (7008254016000000000♠8 years, 18 days)	Nicholas V Papa NICOLAUS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli, O.P.	Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Member of the Dominican Order. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome (1452). Issued the Papal Bull Dum Diversas allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (7008105040800000000♠3 years, 120 days)	Callixtus III Papa CALLISTUS Tertius	Alfonso de Borja	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	The first Spanish pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated.
210	19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (7008189064800000000♠5 years, 362 days)	Pius II Papa PIUS Secundus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	Corsignano, Republic of Siena	52 / 58	Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211	30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (7008217857600000000♠6 years, 330 days)	Paul II Papa PAULUS Secundus	Pietro Barbo	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212	9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (7008410508000000000♠13 years, 3 days)	Sixtus IV Papa XYSTUS Quartus	Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.	Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
213	29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7008249501600000000♠7 years, 331 days)	Innocent VIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Republic of Genoa	51 / 59 ^[B]	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214	11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (7008347738400000000♠11 years, 7 days)	Alexander VI Papa ALEXANDER Sextus	Roderic Llançol i de Borja	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). No Alexander V due to the antipope.

16th century[edit]

Popes of the 16th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (7006224640000000000♠26 days)	Pius III Papa PIUS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library adjoining the Siena Cathedral.
216	31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (7008293781600000000♠9 years, 113 days)	Julius II Papa IULIUS Secundus	Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.	Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Proposed plans for rebuilding St Peter's Basilica.
217	9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (7008275529600000000♠8 years, 267 days)	Leo X Papa LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
218	9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (7007529848000000000♠1 year, 248 days)	Adrian VI Papa HADRIANUS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands)	62 / 64	Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait")^[15] The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Retained his baptismal name as his regnal name.
219	26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (7008341755200000000♠10 years, 303 days)	Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Motto: Candor illæsus ("Unharmed candor")^[16] Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). His niece was married to the future Henry II of France. Ordered Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.
220	13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (7008475783200000000♠15 years, 28 days)	Paul III Papa PAULUS Tertius	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of Henry VIII. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221	7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (7008162108000000000♠5 years, 50 days)	Julius III Papa IULIUS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	62 / 67	Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.
222	9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555 (0 years, 22 days)	Marcellus II Papa MARCELLUS Secundus	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi	Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.
223	23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (7008133747200000000♠4 years, 87 days)	Paul IV Papa PAULUS Quartus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa, C.R.	Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83	Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")^[17] Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.
224	26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (7008187855200000000♠5 years, 348 days)	Pius IV Papa PIUS Quartus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225	7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (7008199281600000000♠6 years, 115 days)	St Pius V Papa PIUS Quintus	Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.	Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep")^[18] Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I (1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (7008407376000000000♠12 years, 332 days)	Gregory XIII Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	70 / 83	Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")^[19] Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as Patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.
227	24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (7008168588000000000♠5 years, 125 days)	Sixtus V Papa XYSTUS Quintus	Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.	Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.
228	15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (7006103680000000000♠12 days)	Urban VII Papa URBANUS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	69 / 69	Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229	5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591 (0 years, 315 days)	Gregory XIV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56	Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.
230	29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (7006535680000000000♠62 days)	Innocent IX Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	72 / 72	Supported the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231	30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (7008413013600000000♠13 years, 32 days)	Clement VIII Papa CLEMENS Octavus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69	Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.^[20]

17th century[edit]

Popes of the 17th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (7006224640000000000♠26 days)	Leo XI Papa LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Duchy of Florence	69 / 69	The nephew of Leo X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (7008495568800000000♠15 years, 257 days)	Paul V Papa PAULUS Quintus	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	52 / 68	Motto: Absit nisi in te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in you")^[21] Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.
234	9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (7007759888000000000♠2 years, 149 days)	Gregory XV Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	67 / 69	Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (7008662083200000000♠20 years, 358 days)	Urban VIII Papa URBANUS Octavus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bull that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236	15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (7008325425600000000♠10 years, 114 days)	Innocent X Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	70 / 80	Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth")^[22] The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (7008382579200000000♠12 years, 45 days)	Alexander VII Papa ALEXANDER Septimus	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68	Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (7007779760000000000♠2 years, 172 days)	Clement IX Papa CLEMENS Nonus	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69	Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself")^[23] Commissioned the colonnade of St. Peter's Square. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (7008196603200000000♠6 years, 84 days)	Clement X Papa CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio Bonaventura Altieri	Rome, Lazio, Papal States	79 / 86	Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil")^[24] Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.
240	21 September 1676 – 12 August 1689 (12 years, 325 days)	Bl. Innocent XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78	Motto: Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied")^[25] Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (7007417528000000000♠1 year, 118 days)	Alexander VIII Papa ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80	Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242	12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (7008290671200000000♠9 years, 77 days)	Innocent XII Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus	Antonio Pignatelli, O.F.S	Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

18th century[edit]

Popes of the 18th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (7008641174400000000♠20 years, 116 days)	Clement XI Papa CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	The "Chinese Rites" controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.^[10]
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (7007893808000000000♠2 years, 304 days)	Innocent XIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo dei Conti	Poli, Lazio, Papal States	65 / 68	Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China ordering that no new members should be received into the order.
245	29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (7008180943200000000♠5 years, 268 days)	S.D. Benedict XIII Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus	Pietro Francesco Orsini, O.P.	Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (7008302076000000000♠9 years, 209 days)	Clement XII Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus	Lorenzo Corsini, O.F.S	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")^[26] Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738). Last pope to be elected at an old age until Pope Benedict XVI in 2005.
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (7008558856800000000♠17 years, 259 days)	Benedict XIV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83	Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed")^[27] Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science.
248	6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (7008333806400000000♠10 years, 211 days)	Clement XIII Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico	Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765).
249	19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (7008168674400000000♠5 years, 126 days)	Clement XIV Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.	Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).
250	15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (7008774230400000000♠24 years, 195 days)	Pius VI Papa PIUS Sextus	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Motto: Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")^[28] Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.
—	29 August 1799 –14 March 1800	Interregnum				Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

19th century[edit]

Popes of the 19th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
251	14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (7008739562400000000♠23 years, 159 days)	S.D. Pius VII Papa PIUS Septimus	Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.	Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Briefly expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.
252	28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (7008169452000000000♠5 years, 135 days)	Leo XII Papa LEO Duodecimus	Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga	Genga, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.
253	31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830 (7007526392000000000♠1 year, 244 days)	Pius VIII Papa PIUS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69	Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).
254	2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (7008483645600000000♠15 years, 119 days)	Gregory XVI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.	Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Member of the Camaldolese Order; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States.
255	16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (7008998676000000000♠31 years, 236 days)	Bl. Pius IX Papa PIUS Nonus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S.	Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors. Second longest serving pope in history after Saint Peter.
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (7008801900000000000♠25 years, 150 days)	Leo XIII Papa LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S.	Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Italy	67 / 93	Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism. Had the fourth-longest reign after Pius IX, Saint Peter and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.

20th century[edit]

Popes of the 20th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (7008348516000000000♠11 years, 16 days)	St Pius X Papa PIUS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S.	Riese, Treviso, Italy	68 / 79	Motto: Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ") Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary.
258	3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (7008233085600000000♠7 years, 141 days)	Benedict XV Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S.	Pegli, Genoa, Italy	59 / 67	Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.") Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum Illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace".
259	6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (7008536824800000000♠17 years, 4 days)	Pius XI Papa PIUS Undecimus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S.	Desio, Milan, Italy	64 / 81	Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931). Re-founded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism and Nazism.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (7008618688800000000♠19 years, 221 days)	Ven. Pius XII Papa PIUS Duodecimus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S.	Rome, Italy	63 / 82	Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his role in the Holocaust.
261	28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (7008145065600000000♠4 years, 218 days)	St John XXIII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S.	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy	76 / 81	Motto: Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace") Opened the Second Vatican Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).
262	21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (7008477338400000000♠15 years, 46 days)	Bl. Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount") Last pope to be crowned in a coronation with the tiara. First pope to travel to the United States and Australia; first pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968) condemning artificial contraception.
263	26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (7006285120000000000♠33 days)	S.D. John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy	65 / 65	Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration. First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria.
264	16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (7008835012800000000♠26 years, 168 days)	St John Paul II (John Paul the Great)^[29] Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, 2nd Polish Republic	58 / 84	Motto: Totus Tuus ("Totally yours") First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Traveled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Third longest reign after Pius IX and Saint Peter. Founded World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).

3rd millennium[edit]

21st century[edit]

Popes of the 21st century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 (7008248119200000000♠7 years, 315 days)		Benedict XVI Papa BENEDICTUS Decimus Sextus	Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / 85	Motto: Cooperatores Veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth") Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Established the Anglican Ordinariate (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),^[30] retaining regnal name with title of Pope Emeritus.^[31]
266	13 March 2013 – present (7008127612800000000♠4 years, 16 days)		Francis Papa FRANCISCUS	Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.	Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina	76 / -	Motto: Miserando atque Eligendo ("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by having mercy, by choosing him')^[32] First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since Lando (913–914).

Religious orders[edit]

38 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:

Benedictines (18):
- Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Gelasius II, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII

and including Camaldolese (1):

Gregory XVI

Augustinians (6):
- Eugene IV

and including Canons Regular (5):

Honorius II, Innocent II, Lucius II, Gregory VIII, Adrian IV

Dominicans (5):
- Innocent V, Benedict XI, Nicholas V, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Franciscans (5):
- Nicholas IV, Sixtus IV, Julius II

and including Conventual Franciscans (2):

Sixtus V, Clement XIV

Cistercians (2):
- Eugene III, Benedict XII
Theatines (1):
- Paul IV
Jesuits (1):
- Francis

12 popes have been members of third orders, also called "tertiaries" or "Third Order Secular," and all of them of the Secular Franciscans:

Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII

Notes on numbering of popes[edit]

A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because they are all considered antipopes.^[33]
The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II; however, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.^[33]
There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.^[34]
Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960.^[34] The numbering of following popes called Stephen are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.^[35]
Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name.
Pope Joan also never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.^[36]
The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Florence Baptistery.
Those who believe in Sedevacantism say that there have been no legitimate popes since Pius XII. This is because they consider all popes since the Second Vatican Council to be heretics.^[37]^[38]

References[edit]

Specific[edit]

^ Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 12*
^ "Corrections Made to Official List of Popes". ZENIT. 5 June 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-01-19. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
^ "Papal Primacy of honour: titles and insignia". Newadvent.org. 1 June 1911. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
^ ^a ^b Fahlbusch, Erwin (et al.); Bromiley (English translation), Geoffrey William, eds. (2005). "Pope, Papacy". Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon [The encyclopedia of Christianity]. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 272–282. ISBN 0-8028-2416-1. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
^ The fourth pope Discussed in the article on Clement I
^ Mcbrien, Richard P. (31 October 2006). The Pocket Guide to the Popes. HarperCollins. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-0-06-113773-0. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
^ "The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 13: Bishops of Rome". pp. from Theosodr Mommsen, MGH Chronica Minora I (1892), pp.73–6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
^ "OCA - St Liberius the Pope of Rome". Ocafs.oca.org. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
^ "Saint Siricius".
^ ^a ^b ^c "Papal Timeline". 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ Deno John Geanakoplos (15 September 1989). Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-0-299-11884-6. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
^ "Blessed Eugene III". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211
^ Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East," History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948.
^ "Pope Adrian VI (1522-1523)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pope Clement VII (1523-1534)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pope Paul IV (1555-1559)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pope Pius V (1566-1572)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ John Henry Blunt (1874). "Jansenists". Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought. Rivingtons. pp. 234–240. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ "Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ "Pope Innocent X (1644-1655)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ "Pope Clement IX (1667-1669)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ "Pope Clement X (1670-1676)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ "Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
^ "Pope Clement XII (1730-1740)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
^ "Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
^ "The Wind was too Strong". Rome Art Lover. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
^ Bottum, Joseph (18 April 2005). "John Paul the Great". The Weekly Standard. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
^ Brown, Andrew (11 February 2013). "Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
^ Pianigiani, Gaia; Povoledo, Elisabetta (27 February 2013). "Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope Emeritus". The New York Times.
^ Scarisbrick, Veronica (22 March 2013). "Pope Francis : "Miserando atque eligendo"...". Vatican Radio. The Holy See. Vatican Radio. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
^ ^a ^b Paschal Robinson (1913). "Antipope". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ ^a ^b Paschal Robinson (1913). "Chronological Lists of Popes". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ Paschal Robinson (1913). "Pope Martin IV". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ Paschal Robinson (1913). "Popess Joan". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ Weaver, MJ., and Appleby, RS., Being Right: Conservative Catholics in America, Indiana University Press, 1 Jan 1995, p. 257.
^ Flinn, FK., Encyclopedia of Catholicism, 2007, p. 566.

General[edit]

The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.

External links[edit]

[1] Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 12*

[2] "Corrections Made to Official List of Popes". ZENIT. 5 June 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-01-19. Retrieved 21 October 2008.

[3] "Papal Primacy of honour: titles and insignia". Newadvent.org. 1 June 1911. Retrieved 2013-02-23.

[EncChrPope-4] Fahlbusch, Erwin (et al.); Bromiley (English translation), Geoffrey William, eds. (2005). "Pope, Papacy". Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon [The encyclopedia of Christianity]. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 272–282. ISBN 0-8028-2416-1. Retrieved 7 September 2011.

[5] The fourth pope Discussed in the article on Clement I

[6] Mcbrien, Richard P. (31 October 2006). The Pocket Guide to the Popes. HarperCollins. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-0-06-113773-0. Retrieved 6 March 2012.

[7] "The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 13: Bishops of Rome". pp. from Theosodr Mommsen, MGH Chronica Minora I (1892), pp.73–6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.

[8] "OCA - St Liberius the Pope of Rome". Ocafs.oca.org. Retrieved 2013-02-23.

[9] "Saint Siricius".

[Papal_Timeline-10] "Papal Timeline". 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[11] Deno John Geanakoplos (15 September 1989). Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-0-299-11884-6. Retrieved 3 March 2012.

[12] "Blessed Eugene III". Retrieved 9 July 2015.

[CC-13] For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211

[14] Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East," History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948.

[15] "Pope Adrian VI (1522-1523)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

[16] "Pope Clement VII (1523-1534)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

[17] "Pope Paul IV (1555-1559)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

[18] "Pope Pius V (1566-1572)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

[19] "Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[Blunt1874-20] John Henry Blunt (1874). "Jansenists". Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought. Rivingtons. pp. 234–240. Retrieved 11 August 2012.

[21] "Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

[22] "Pope Innocent X (1644-1655)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[23] "Pope Clement IX (1667-1669)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[24] "Pope Clement X (1670-1676)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[25] "Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[26] "Pope Clement XII (1730-1740)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

[27] "Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

[28] "The Wind was too Strong". Rome Art Lover. Retrieved 12 February 2014.

[Bottum-29] Bottum, Joseph (18 April 2005). "John Paul the Great". The Weekly Standard. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 1 January 2009.

[30] Brown, Andrew (11 February 2013). "Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

[31] Pianigiani, Gaia; Povoledo, Elisabetta (27 February 2013). "Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope Emeritus". The New York Times.

[32] Scarisbrick, Veronica (22 March 2013). "Pope Francis : "Miserando atque eligendo"...". Vatican Radio. The Holy See. Vatican Radio. Retrieved 10 May 2015.

[ceanti-33] Paschal Robinson (1913). "Antipope". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[cechron-34] Paschal Robinson (1913). "Chronological Lists of Popes". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[cemartin-35] Paschal Robinson (1913). "Pope Martin IV". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[ceJoan-36] Paschal Robinson (1913). "Popess Joan". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[37] Weaver, MJ., and Appleby, RS., Being Right: Conservative Catholics in America, Indiana University Press, 1 Jan 1995, p. 257.

[38] Flinn, FK., Encyclopedia of Catholicism, 2007, p. 566.

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v t e Popes of the Catholic Church

List of popes canonised Tombs extant non-extant Antipope Pope emeritus Papal resignation Pope-elect

1st–4th centuries During the Roman Empire (until 493) including under Constantine (312–337)	Peter Linus Anacletus Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleuterus Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Mark Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I

5th–8th centuries Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537) Byzantine Papacy (537–752) Frankish Papacy (756–857)	Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus III Leo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius I John III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Boniface IV Adeodatus I Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene I Vitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory III Zachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III

9th–12th centuries Papal selection before 1059 Saeculum obscurum (904–964) Crescentii era (974–1012) Tusculan Papacy (1012–1044/1048) Imperial Papacy (1048–1257)	Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Valentine Gregory IV Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIII Benedict VI Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IX Sylvester III Benedict IX Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IX Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II Lucius II Eugene III Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III

13th–16th centuries Viterbo (1257–1281) Orvieto (1262–1297) Perugia (1228–1304) Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) Western Schism (1378–1417) Renaissance Papacy (1417–1534) Reformation Papacy (1534–1585) Baroque Papacy (1585–1689)	Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXI Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XI Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII

17th–20th centuries Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848) Roman Question (1870–1929) Vatican City (1929–present) World War II (1939–1945) Cold War (1945–1991)	Leo XI Paul V Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul II

21st century	Benedict XVI Francis

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