Glossary of anarchism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of the Politics series on
Anarchism
"Circle-A" anarchy symbol
Culture
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

The following is a list of terms specific to anarchists. Anarchism is a political and social movement which advocates voluntary association in opposition to authoritarianism and hierarchy.

A[edit]

Acracy
The negation of rule or "government by none". While "anarchy" refers to the absence of a hierarchical society-organizing power principle, "acracy" refers to the absence of coercion; the condition of acracy is one of voluntary order. Derived from the Greek α- [no] and κρατία [system of government].
Adhocracy
A form of organic organization according to which different parts of an organization are temporarily assembled to meet the requirements of that particular point in time.[1]
Affinity group
A small non-hierarchical collective of activists who collaborate on direct action via consensus decision-making.[2]
Anarch
Coined by Ernst Jünger, this refers to the ruler (i.e. individual) in a state of anarchy analogous to the monarch in a state of monarchy, a conception influence by Max Stirner's notion of the sovereign individual.[3]
Anarchy
Derived from the Ancient Greek ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) "without archons," "without rulers".[4]
Anarchism without adjectives
A form of anarchism which does not declare affiliation with any specify subtype of anarchism (as may be suffixed to anarcho- or anarcha-), instead positioning itself as pluralistic, tolerant of all anarchist schools of thought.[5]
Ancap
Contraction of anarcho-capitalism and/or anarcho-capitalist used in informal discourse, particularly in blogs or other internet forums.
Ancom
Informal contraction of anarcho-communism often used online, much like ancap.
Anomie
Social disorder and civil war in an absence of government, used to separate anarchy as in social order and absence of government.
Ansoc
Contraction of anarcho-socialism and/or anarcho-socialist used in informal discourse, particularly in blogs or other internet forums.
Anti-systemic library
A library which is not organised hierarchically and that has no catalogue. The concept is influenced by the ideas of the Situationists.
Autonomism
A set of radical left-wing political movements in Western Europe which emerged in the late 20th century.
Archon
A Greek word meaning "ruler"; the absence of archons and archy (rule) defines a state of anarchy. Derived from the Ancient Greek άρχων, pl. άρχοντες.

B[edit]

Biennio rosso
The "two red years" of political agitation, strikes and land occupation by Italian workers in 1919 and 1920.[6]
Black anarchism
A political philosophy primarily of African-Americans, opposed to what it sees as the oppression of people of colour by the white ruling class through the power of the state.[7]
Black bloc
An affinity group, or cluster of affinity groups that assembles during protests, demonstrations, or other forms of direct action. Black blocs are noted for the distinctive all-black clothing worn by members to conceal their identity and for their intentional defiance of state property law.[8][9]
Bourse du Travail
A distinctively French form of working class organization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bourses du travail promoted mutual aid, education, and self-organization amongst their members.[10]

C[edit]

Consensus decision-making
A participatory decision making process for collectives that seeks the resolution or mitigation of minority objections (according to the principle of inclusivity) as well as the agreement of the majority of participants.[11][12][13]
Cost the limit of price
A maxim coined by individualist anarchist Josiah Warren (1798–1874) to express a normative conception of the labor theory of value—that is, that the price of a good or service should never exceed its cost.[14]
Counter-economics
Abbreviation of "counter-establishment economics", a concept in agorist theory of the use and advocacy of black and grey markets and the underground economy to erode the moral authority of and the perceived necessity for the state.

D[edit]

…When a revolutionary situation develops, counter-institutions have the potential of functioning as a real alternative to the existing structure and reliance on them becomes as normal as reliance on the old authoritarian institutions. This is when counter-institutions constitute dual power.

Dual power is a state of affairs in which people have created institutions that fulfill all the useful functions formerly provided by the state. The creation of a general state of dual power is a necessary requirement for a successful revolution…

Love and Rage, Love & Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation New York Local Member Handbook; June, 1997.[15]
Dispute resolution organization (DRO)
A private (or possibly cooperative) organization specialized in resolving disputes that would arise in an anarchical society (similar to a PDA).[16]
Dual power
The concept of revolution through the creation of "counter-institutions" in place of and in opposition to state power.[15] Used in anarcho-communist discourse, it distinct from the earlier use of the phrase by non-anarchist communists such as Vladimir Lenin.
Dumpster diving
Physically searching through the discarded belongings in a dumpster or other trash receptacle, with the intention of salvaging useful material such as food or information.[17]

E[edit]

Epistemological anarchism
A theory in the philosophy of science advanced by Paul Feyerabend which holds that there are no useful and exception-free rules governing the progress of science, and that the pragmatic approach is a Dadaistic "anything goes" attitude of methodological pluralism.[18]

F[edit]

Food rescue
The practice of retrieving edible food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to those in need.[19]
Free school
A decentralized network in which skills, information and knowledge are shared with neither the social hierarchy nor the institutional environment of formal schooling.
Freeganism
An anti-consumerist lifestyle according to which participants attempt to restrict their consumption of natural resources and participation in the conventional economy to using salvaged and discarded goods.[20]
Freigeld
A monetary system in the Freiwirtschaft theory, according to which units of currency retain their value or lose it at a certain rate, making inflation and profiting from interest impossible. Freigeld is a German phrase with the literal meaning "free money".[21]

G[edit]

Give-away shop
Second-hand stores where all goods are free. An example of a gift economy.[22]
Guerrilla gardening
Nonviolent direct action whereby disused plots are converted to gardens without seeking the permission of the putative property owners.[23] Related: squatting.

H[edit]

Hacklab
A laboratory for experimentations with freedom of information and communication, associated with the struggle for freedom of movement.[24]
Haymarket Martyrs
The seven anarchists tried and executed for the murder of a Chicago policeman during the Haymarket affair.[25]
Haymarket Tragedy
See Haymarket Martyrs
Hierarchy
See social hierarchy
Horizontalidad (also Horizontalism)
A form of non-hierarchical social organization which utilises direct democracy and consensus decision-making.[26]

I[edit]

Interior of the Left Bank Books infoshop in Seattle, Washington in 2006. An infoshop is a nexus for information exchange among anarchists.
Illegalism
A doctrine which rejects all moral obligations and governmental law in favour of the satisfaction of one's own desires.[27] Pioneered by the Bonnot Gang in France and heavily influenced by the individualist anarchist philosophy of Max Stirner.[27]
Immediatism
A philosophy which demands the embracing of immediate social interactions with people as a means of countering the antisocial consequences of consumerist capitalism.[28]
Infoshop
A space (often a social center) that serves as a node for anarchists involved with radical movements and countercultures for trading publications (typically books, zines, stickers and posters), meeting and networking with similar individuals and groups.[29] The primary directive of an infoshop is the dissemination of information.[30] Related: zine library.
Invisible dictatorship
A vanguardist organisation of revolutionaries first proposed by Mikhail Bakunin.[31]

J[edit]

Jurisdictional arbitrage
Exploitation of differences in national laws and regulations[32] to maximise liberty. Related: dynamic geography, panarchism.

K[edit]

Kabouters
Dutch anarchists influenced by Peter Kropotkin who sought to promote awareness of alternatives to authoritarian and capitalist solutions to social problems in 1960s Amsterdam.[33]

L[edit]

"Land and liberty"
A slogan expressing the desire of freedom from landowners originally used by the revolutionary leaders of the Mexican Revolution. Spanish: Tierra y Libertad, Russian: Земля и Воля Zemlya i Volya.
Law of equal liberty
A doctrine asserting that each individual has the right to assert their fullest liberty to act so long as it does not extend them greater liberty than any other individual. Named by Herbert Spencer.
Lois scélérates
A pejorative term for a set of French laws passed during 1893–1894 restricting the freedom of the anarchist press in the aftermath of an outbreak of propaganda of the deed.

M[edit]

The Modern School in New York City, circa 1911-12. Anarchist philosopher and radical historian Will Durant stands on the steps with his pupils.
Makhnovism
A series of political and economic concepts developed by Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary Nestor Makhno (1888–1934) and his followers, and implemented in the Free Territory. Central concepts include anarchist communism, workers' self-management and—developed during Makhno's exile in Paris, France—platformism.
Modern School
American schools formed in the early 20th century based on the ideas of educator and anarchist Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia and modelled after his Escuela Moderna.[34]
Mutual aid
The voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. Related: gift economy, voluntarism.

N[edit]

Netwar
Low-intensity social conflict employing a network structure for organisational control and communication.[35] Related: Security culture.
Non-aggression Principle (NAP, also Non-aggression Axiom)
A prohibition against the initiation of force, or the threat of force, against persons or property (usually referred to as aggression or coercion). Generally used to derive the ethics of right-libertarianism and anarcho-capitalism.[36]


P[edit]

Panarchy
Main article: Panarchy
Participatory politics
Main article: Participatory politics
Polycentric law
Main article: Polycentric law
Main article: Popular assembly
Post-left
Main article: Post-left anarchy
Prefigurative politics
Main article: Prefigurative politics
Primitivist
Used interchangeably with anarcho-primitivist.
Private defense agency (PDA)
A term used by anarcho-capitalists to refer to a private organization which fulfills some or all of the roles associated with police or military in a statist society.
Propaganda of the deed
Main article: Propaganda of the deed
Property is theft!
Main article: Property is theft!
Provo
Main article: Provo (movement)
Punk house
Main article: Punk house


R[edit]

Radical cheerleading
Main article: Radical cheerleading
Really Really Free Market
A free market based on the principle of gift economics whereby participants bring gifts and resources to share with one another, without money being exchanged.[37] Related: participatory economics, voluntary association.
Refusal of work
Main article: Refusal of work
Responsible autonomy
Main article: Responsible autonomy
Revolutionary spontaneity
Main article: Revolutionary spontaneity
Rewilding
Main article: Rewilding (conservation biology)
Reprise individuelle
Main article: Individual reclamation

S[edit]

Samizdat—the production of literature banned by the former communist governments of eastern Europe; the term is a play on the term for the Soviet state press, and translates to "self-publishing." Throughout the greater part of the twentieth century, the best literature, philosophy, and history in the Soviet Union and its satellite states was copied by photo-reproduction and distributed through underground channels—just as it is here in the United States today.

Rolling Thunder, Issue 4[38]
Seasteading
The creation of permanent dwellings on the ocean, analogous to homesteading on land. A seastead is a structure meant for permanent occupation on the ocean.[39] Related to Permanent Autonomous Zones.[40]
Security culture
A set of customs shared by an affinity group which engages in illegal activities, the practice of which minimizes the risk of such activities.[41] Related: direct action, netwar
Social center
Main article: Social center
Social ecology
Main article: Social ecology
Social hierarchy
Main article: Social hierarchy
Social revolution
Main article: Social revolution
Somatherapy
Main article: Somatherapy
Spokescouncil
Main article: Spokescouncil
Spontaneous order
Main article: Spontaneous order
Street reclamation
Main article: Street reclamation
Swaraj
Main article: Swaraj

T[edit]

TANSTAAFL
Acronym coined by libertarian science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein in The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress for "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch". Used to express scepticism towards socialist economics.[42]
Tragic Week
The name given to a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and the anarchist-backed working classes in Catalunyan cities from July 25-August 2, 1909.[43]
Trial of the thirty
A show trial in 1894 in Paris, France, aimed at legitimizing the lois scélérates passed in 1893–1894 against the French anarchist movement and at restricting press freedom by proving the existence of an effective association between anarchists.[44] French: Procès des trente


V[edit]

Veganarchism
The political philosophy of veganism (more specifically animal liberation) and anarchism, creating a combined praxis as a means for social revolution.
Voluntarism
The use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end.[45]
Voluntaryism
A political philosophy which advocates property rights and voluntary association as the foundation of society, and generally opposes coercion and aggression.

W[edit]

The abolition of wage slavery has been a stated goal of unions like the Industrial Workers of the World.
Wage slavery
A term which asserts a similarity between slavery—the ownership and control of one person by another—and wage labour.[46]
Workers' self-management
A form of workplace decision-making in which the workers rather than professional managers decide on issues related to the operation of the business.[47]


Z[edit]

Zenarchy
Compound of zen and "archy". The social order which arises from meditation. As a doctrine, zenarchism is the belief that "universal enlightenment" is a prerequisite to the abolition of the state.[48]
Zine
A low-circulation, non-commercial periodical of original or appropriated texts and images. Usually reproduced via photocopier on a variety of colored paper stock.
Zine library
A repository of zines and other associated artifacts, such as small press books. Zine libraries are typically run on a minimal budget, and have a close association with infoshops and other forms of DIY culture and independent media.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Alvesson, Mats (1995). Management of Knowledge-Intensive Companies. Walter De Gruyter Inc. p. 93. ISBN 3110128659. 
  2. ^ Recipes for Disaster, p.28-31
  3. ^ Warrior, Waldgänger, Anarch: An essay on Ernst Jünger's concept of the sovereign individual by Abdalbarr Braun. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  4. ^ Anarchy Merriam-Webster's Online dictionary
  5. ^ Esenwein, George Richard "Anarchist Ideology and the Working Class Movement in Spain, 1868–1898" [p. 135]
  6. ^ Macdonald, Hamish (1998). Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Trans-Atlantic Publications. p. 17. ISBN 0748733868. 
  7. ^ Daquan, Bridger (2007). Delusion Addiction. Trafford Publishing. p. 118. ISBN 1425117694. 
  8. ^ "Blocs, Black and Otherwise". Crimethinc.com. CrimethInc. Retrieved 2008-08-05. 
  9. ^ ACME Collective, A communique from one section of the black bloc of N30 in Seattle.
  10. ^ Ogg, Frederic Austin (1917). Economic development of modern Europe. New York: The Macmillan company. p. 464. OCLC 603770. 
  11. ^ Cohn, Jesse (2006). Anarchism and the Crisis of Representation. Selinsgrove Pa.: Susquehanna University Press. p. 207. ISBN 1575911051. 
  12. ^ Graeber, David (2007). "The Twilight of Vanguardism". In Macphee, Josh. Realizing the Impossible. Stirling: AK Press. ISBN 1904859321. 
  13. ^ Antliff, Allan (2004). Only a Beginning. Arsenal Pulp Press. p. 99. ISBN 1551521679. 
  14. ^ Tucker, Benjamin R., "State Socialism and Anarchism", Individual Liberty, Vanguard Press, New York, 1926
  15. ^ a b Jarach, Lawrence (Winter 2002–2003). "Anarcho-Communists, Platformism, and Dual Power: Innovation or Travesty?". Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed (54). Retrieved 2008-08-02. 
  16. ^ Molyneux, Stefan (October 24, 2005). "The Stateless Society". LewRockwell.com. Retrieved 2008-08-02. 
  17. ^ Dubrawsky, Ido (2007). How to Cheat at Securing Your Network. Syngress. p. 50. ISBN 1597492310. 
  18. ^ Feyerabend, Paul (1993). Against Method. London: Verso. ISBN 9780860916468. 
  19. ^ Author, Author (2004). Encyclopedia of Homelessness, Edited by David Levinson. Thousand Oaks. p. 286. ISBN 0761927514. 
  20. ^ Kurutz, Steven (June 21, 2007). "Not Buying It". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-06-21. the small but growing subculture of anticonsumerists who call themselves freegans — the term derives from vegans, the vegetarians who forsake all animal products, as many freegans also do 
  21. ^ Zweig, Ferdynand (1934). The Economics of Consumers' Credit. London: P. S. King & Son. p. 7. OCLC 5358381. 
  22. ^ Logs : micro-fondements d'émancipation sociale et artistique. Maisons-Alfort, France : Ére, [2005- ]. ISBN 2-915453-04-7 OCLC 60370621 p.20
  23. ^ Notes from Nowhere (2003). We Are Everywhere. London: Verso. p. 150. ISBN 1859844472. 
  24. ^ J. Martin Pedersen (2005). "Revisiting the Circumstances of Justice in the light of Free Software: what happened to society?". Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  25. ^ Foner, Philip S., ed. (1969). The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs. New York: Pathfinder Press. p. 13. ISBN 0873488792. 
  26. ^ Sitrin, Marina (2006). Horizontalism. Stirling: AK Press. ISBN 1904859585. 
  27. ^ a b Parry, Richard (1987). "From illegality to illegalism". The Bonnot Gang. London: Rebel Press. p. 15. ISBN 0946061041. 
  28. ^ Bey, Hakim (1994). Immediatism. AK Press. ISBN 1873176422. 
  29. ^ Filippo, Roy (2003). A New World in Our Hearts. Stirling: AK Press. p. 69. ISBN 1902593618. 
  30. ^ Curran, James (2003). Contesting Media Power. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57. ISBN 0742523853. 
  31. ^ Clark, John P. (2004). Anarchy, Geography, Modernity. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 63–64. ISBN 0739108050. 
  32. ^ Williams, P. (2001). "Transnational Criminal Networks" (PDF). Networks and Netwars: the Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  33. ^ Woodcock, George (2004). Anarchism: a History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Peterborough: Broadview Press. p. 371. ISBN 1551116294. 
  34. ^ Brennan, Elizabeth (1998). Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners:. Phoenix: Oryx Press. p. 257. ISBN 1573561118. 
  35. ^ Arquilla, J.; Ronfeldt, D. (1996). The Advent of Netwar. RAND Corporation. ISBN 0833024140. 
  36. ^ What's Right vs. What Works. Charles Murray, David Friedman, David Boaz, and R.W. Bradford. Liberty. January 2005, Vol 15, No 1
  37. ^ Recipes for Disaster, p. 241
  38. ^ "Glossary of Terms, part IV". Rolling Thunder. CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective (4): 6–8. Spring 2007. 
  39. ^ Friedman, Patri. "A Brief Introduction to the Seasteading Institute". Seasteading.org. Seasteading Institute. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  40. ^ Friedman, Patri. "Hakim Bey on Permanent Autonomous Zones". Seasteading.org. Seasteading Institute. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 
  41. ^ Anonymous (2005). Recipes for Disaster. Crimethinc.Workers Collective. p. 461. ISBN 0970910142. 
  42. ^ Stover, Leon (1987). Robert A. Heinlein. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0805775099. 
  43. ^ Bookchin, Murray (1997). The Spanish Anarchists. Stirling: AK Press. p. 129. ISBN 187317604X. 
  44. ^ Jean Maitron, Le mouvement anarchiste en France, Tel Gallimard (first ed. François Maspero, 1975), tome I, chapter VI, "Le Procès des Trente. Fin d'une époque", pp.251-261
  45. ^ "Voluntarism". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. Retrieved 2008-09-18. 
  46. ^ Malachowski, Alan (2001). Business Ethics. New York: Routledge. pp. 98–99. ISBN 0415184622. 
  47. ^ Taras, Ray (1984). Ideology in a Socialist State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–92. ISBN 0521262712. 
  48. ^ Gorightly, Adam (2003). The Prankster and the Conspiracy. Paraview Press. p. 155. ISBN 193104466X. 
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_anarchism&oldid=766681466"