2 Tone (music genre)
2 Tone | |
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Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | Late 1970s in Coventry, West Midlands, England |
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2 Tone Records |
2 Tone (or Two Tone) was a late-1970s ska revival in the United Kingdom led by Jerry Dammers and The Specials. It fused traditional ska music with punk rock attitude, energy and musical elements.[1][2] Its name came from the record label that Dammers founded, 2 Tone Records, as well as a desire to transcend and defuse racial tensions in Thatcher-era Britain. Although 2 Tone's mainstream commercial appeal was largely limited to the UK, it influenced the North American ska punk movement (also known as third wave ska) in the 1980s and 1990s.[3][4]
History[edit]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20170411222118im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Selecter_Berlin_1980.jpg/220px-The_Selecter_Berlin_1980.jpg)
The 2 Tone sound was developed by young musicians in Coventry, West Midlands, England who grew up hearing 1960s Jamaican music.[5] They combined influences from ska, reggae and rocksteady with elements of punk rock and new wave. Bands considered part of the genre include: The Specials, The Selecter, The Beat, Madness, Bad Manners, The Bodysnatchers and Sharp Ties.[3]
The term was coined by The Specials' keyboard player Jerry Dammers, who—with the assistance of Horace Panter and graphic designer John "Teflon" Sims—created the iconic Walt Jabsco logo (a man in a black suit, white shirt, black tie, pork pie hat, white socks and black loafers) to represent the 2 Tone genre. The logo was based on an early album cover photo of Peter Tosh, and included an added black-and-white check pattern.[6][7][8]
Most of the bands considered to be part of the 2 Tone genre were signed to 2 Tone Records at some point. Other record labels associated with the 2 Tone sound were Stiff Records and Go Feet Records. The music was especially popular among skinheads, rudies and some mod revivalists.
Museum[edit]
On 1 October 2010, the 2-Tone Central museum, cafe and venue opened in the Coventry University Students' Union building, and by August 2011, it was moved to the 2-Tone Village in Stoke, Coventry.[9] It includes exhibition space, the Coventry Music Wall of Fame,[10][11][12][13] a cafe, a gift shop, a Caribbean restaurant and a music venue. Many of the items on display are on loan from members of The Selecter, The Beat and The Specials.
Notes[edit]
- ^ "Ska Revival". AllMusic.
- ^ Chris Woodstra. "The Specials". AllMusic.
- ^ a b Selvin, Joel, San Francisco Chronicle, "A brief history of ska" Sunday, 23 March 2008
- ^ "Third Wave Ska Revival". AllMusic.
- ^ "Jerry Dammers interview by Alexis Petrides", Mojo, Jan. 2002. Accessed on 2-tone.info 18 October 2007
- ^ Horace Panter (2007). Ska'd For Life. Sidgwick & Jackson.
- ^ Staple, Neville. Original Rude Boy. Aurum Press, 2009
- ^ "British ska legends The Specials. History, lyrics, MP3, 2 Tone, two tone, ska, Jerry Dammers, Terry Hall, Neville Staple, Roddy Byers, Lynval Golding, Horace Panter, John Brad Bradbury". TheSpecials2.com. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ^ "2-TONE CENTRAL-The 2-Tone Museum, Cafe and Venue, Coventry". 2tonecentral.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ^ Chambers, Pete (20 October 2011). "Music Legends Honoured on Coventry's Wall of Fame". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ^ Carpenter, Steve (22 November 2011). "Three more names on Coventry Music Wall of Fame". Coventry Observer. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Manger, Warren (6 December 2011). "Wall of Fame honours more stars who put Coventry on the music map". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Bagot, Martin (6 December 2011). "Coventry music heroes honoured in Wall of Fame". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
References[edit]
- Staple, Neville, Original Rude Boy, (Aurum Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-84513-480-8
- Horace Panter (2007). Ska'd For Life. Sidgwick & Jackson.
Further reading[edit]
- Williams, Paul You're Wondering Now-The Specials From Conception to Reunion (Cherry Red Books, 2009) ISBN 978-1-901447-51-4
- Marshall, George, The Two Tone Story, ST Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-9518497-3-5
- Chambers, Pete, Coventry Market in a Round About Way (Tencton Planet Publications, 2009) ISBN 978-0-9544125-7-9
- Chambers, Pete, The 2-Tone Trail: The Roots of Two-tone Music (Tencton Planet Publications, 2005) ISBN 978-0-9544125-3-1
- Thompson, Dave, Wheels Out Of Gear: 2-Tone, The Specials and a World In Flame (Soundcheck Books, 2011) ISBN 978-0-9566420-2-8
External links[edit]
- 2 Tone Information - 2 Tone Records, collectors information
- 2-Tone Central - Museum, cafe and music venue