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U+59D1, 姑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59D1

[U+59D0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59D2]
See also:

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(radical 38 +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女十口 (VJR), four-corner 44460, composition)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Crook 1985: page 241
  • Jingrong: 241
  • Lin Yutang: 93A.40, page 1409
  • Nelson: 1201
  • KangXi: page 258, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1035, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+59D1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
姑-bronze.svg 姑-silk.svg 姑-bigseal.svg 姑-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kaːls
*kaːls
*kɯ, *kas
*kaː, *kʰaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
*kaː, *kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːs
*kaːs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
*qʰaː, *ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
*ɡaːʔ
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *kas, *kʰa
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *ɡa
*kas
*kas
*kas
*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaː): semantic  (woman) + phonetic  (OC *kaːʔ) – a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).

Pronunciation[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/ko/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɔ/
Li
Rong
/ko/
Wang
Li
/ku/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ku ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˤa/
English father"s sister

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4212
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaː/

Definitions[edit]

  1. father's sister
  2. husband's sister
  3. husband's mother

Compounds[edit]


Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

/sihi1to2me1/: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome]. Compound of (shihito, in law) and (me, woman). See next entry.

Noun[edit]

(hiragana しひとめ, rōmaji shihitome)

  1. a mother-in-law

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
しゅうとめ
Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

From shihitome: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome] → [shiɸutome] → [shiwutome] → [shiutome] → [shuːtome].

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(hiragana しゅうとめ, rōmaji shūtome, historical hiragana しうとめ)

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(hiragana しゅうと, rōmaji shūto, historical hiragana しうと)

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(go) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

(, go, o)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.