Page semi-protected

Fox News

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Fox News Channel)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Fox News (disambiguation).
Fox News
Fox News Channel logo.svg
Launched October 7, 1996; 20 years ago (1996-10-07)
Owned by Fox News Group
(21st Century Fox)
Picture format
Slogan Fair & Balanced
Country United States
Language English
Broadcast area Worldwide
Headquarters 1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York City, New York 10036
Sister channel(s)
Website foxnews.com
Availability
Satellite
DirecTV Channel 360 (HD/SD)
Dish Network Channel 205 (HD/SD)
Bell TV Channel 507
Shaw Direct Channel 503 / 154
Foxtel Channel 604
SKY TV (New Zealand) Channel 088
Sky Italia Channel 514
Sky Channel 509
Digital+ Channel 77
Now TV Channel 77
StarHub Channel 702
Vivo TV Channel 138
Cignal (Philippines) Channel 131
OSN Channel 411
beIN Channel 147 (HD)
Cable
Available on most cable providers Check local listings for channels
In-House (Washington) Channel 18
Verizon FiOS Channel 618 (HD)
Channel 118 (SD)
Pioneer Cable Vision Inc. (PCVI) (Philippines) Channel 14 (SD)
Macau Cable TV (Macau) Channel 816
Satellite radio
Sirius Channel 114
XM Channel 114
IPTV
Bell Fibe TV (Canada)Sky Angel Channel 507Channel 318
Southern Fibernet (Atlanta, GA) Channel 578 (SD)
Channel 1578 (HD)
VMedia (Canada) Channel 181
Optik TV Channel 9811 (SD)
Channel 811 (HD)
Streaming media
FoxNewsGo.com Watch live
(U.S. cable subscribers only; requires login from participating television providers to access stream)
PlayStation Vue Internet Protocol television

Fox News, officially known as the Fox News Channel, is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 American households (81.4% of cable, satellite & telco customers) receive the Fox News Channel.[1] The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York.

The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO.[2] It launched on October 7, 1996,[3] to 17 million cable subscribers.[4] It grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States.[5] Rupert Murdoch is the current chairman and acting CEO of Fox News.[6][7]

Fox News Channel has been accused of biased reporting and promoting the Republican Party.[8][9][10] Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall.[11][12] Fox News Channel employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming, and have denied bias in news reporting.[13]

History

Main article: History of Fox News

Early years

In May 1985, Australian publisher Rupert Murdoch announced that he and American industrialist and philanthropist Marvin Davis intended to develop "a network of independent stations as a fourth marketing force" to compete directly with CBS, NBC, and ABC through the purchase of six television stations owned by Metromedia.[14] In July 1985, 20th Century Fox announced that Murdoch had completed his purchase of 50 percent of Fox Filmed Entertainment, the parent company of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation.[15] A year later, 20th Century Fox earned $5.6 million in its fiscal third period ended May 31, 1986, in contrast to a loss of $55.8 million in the third period of the previous year.[16]

Prior to founding FNC, Murdoch had gained experience in the 24-hour news business when News Corporation's BSkyB subsidiary began Europe's first 24-hour news channel (Sky News) in the United Kingdom in 1989.[17] With the success of his fourth network efforts in the United States,[18][19] experience gained from Sky News and the turnaround of 20th Century Fox, Murdoch announced on January 31, 1996, that News Corp. would launch a 24-hour news channel on cable and satellite systems in the United States as part of a News Corp. "worldwide platform" for Fox programming: "The appetite for news – particularly news that explains to people how it affects them – is expanding enormously".[20]

Modular building on snowy college campus.
Saint Anselm College Quad with the "Fox-Box", from which the network reported live during the 2004 and 2008 New Hampshire primaries
Television news studio
FNC's newsroom, November 15, 2007.

In February 1996, after former U.S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive[21] Roger Ailes left cable television channel America's Talking (now MSNBC), Murdoch asked him to start Fox News Channel. Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7, 1996.[22]

At its debut 17 million households were able to watch FNC;[4] however, it was absent from the media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Rolling news coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single-topic shows such as Fox on Crime or Fox on Politics, surrounded by news headlines. Interviews featured facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The flagship newscast at the time was The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider's fast-paced delivery of the news. During the evening, Fox featured opinion shows: The O'Reilly Report (now The O'Reilly Factor), The Crier Report (hosted by Catherine Crier) and Hannity & Colmes.

From the beginning, FNC has placed heavy emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention-getting; this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, even if they could not hear the host (with on-screen text summarizing the position of the interviewer or speaker, and "bullet points" when a host was delivering commentary). Fox News also created the "Fox News Alert," which interrupted its regular programming when a breaking news story occurred.

To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel.[23] This contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. When Time Warner bought Ted Turner's Turner Broadcasting System, a federal antitrust consent decree required Time Warner to carry a second all-news channel in addition to its own CNN on its cable systems. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the secondary news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed that this violated an agreement (to carry Fox News). Citing its agreement to keep its U.S. headquarters and a large studio in New York City, News Corporation enlisted the help of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's administration to pressure Time Warner Cable (one of the city's two cable providers) to transmit Fox News on a city-owned channel.[24] City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warner's cable franchises in the city.[25]

During the September 11, 2001 attacks, Fox News was the first news organization to run a news ticker on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day. The ticker has remained, informing viewers about additional news which reporters may not mention on-screen and repeating news mentioned during a broadcast; it has proven popular with viewers.[26]

Outlets

Fox News airport newsstand
FNC airport newsstand at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport

FNC maintains an archive of most of its programs. This archive also includes Fox Movietone newsreels. Licensing for the Fox News archive is handled by ITN Source, the archiving division of ITN.

Television

Main article: List of programs broadcast by Fox News Channel

FNC presents a variety of programming, with up to 15 hours of live broadcasting per day in addition to programming and content for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Most programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City (at 1211 Avenue of the Americas), in its streetside studio on Sixth Avenue in the west wing of Rockefeller Center, sharing its headquarters with sister channel Fox Business Network. Fox News Channel has seven studios at its New York City headquarters that are used for its and Fox Business' programming: Studio B (used for Fox Business programming), Studio D (which has an area for studio audiences; and is used by The Five and Outnumbered), Studio E (used for Fox & Friends, Happening Now, Your World with Neil Cavuto, Red Eye, and certain editions of America's News HQ), Studio G (which houses Fox Business shows), Studio H (Fox News Deck used for Shepard Smith Reporting and breaking news coverage), Studio J (used for Fox & Friends First, America's Newsroom, The Real Story, The Kelly File, Hannity and Justice with Judge Jeanine) and the Web Studio (used for Fox News Live internet shows).

The remaining programs (such as Special Report with Bret Baier, On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren, and editions of America's News HQ not broadcast from the New York City studios) are broadcast from Fox News's Washington, D.C. studio, located on Capitol Hill across from Union Station in a secured building shared by a number of other television networks (including NBC News and C-SPAN). Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired on XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio.

Large New York building with plantings in front
Sixth Avenue headquarters

In an October 11, 2009 New York Times article, Fox articulated that its hard-news programming runs from "9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. on weekdays" and "[is] objective"; however, it makes no such claims for its other broadcasts, which primarily consist of editorial journalism and commentary.[27]

Fox News Channel began broadcasting in the 720p resolution format on May 1, 2008.[28] This format is available on all major cable and satellite providers.

Radio

Main article: Fox News Radio

With the growth of FNC, the company introduced a radio division, Fox News Radio, in 2003. Syndicated throughout the United States, the division provides short newscasts and talk radio programs featuring personalities from the television and radio divisions. In 2006, the company also introduced Fox News Talk, a satellite radio station featuring programs syndicated by (and featuring) Fox News personalities.

Online

Introduced in December 1995,[29] the Fox News website features the latest coverage (including columns by FNC television, radio and online personalities). Video clips are also available on Foxnews.com and Foxbusiness.com. Fox News Latino is the version aimed at the Hispanic audience, although presented almost entirely in English, with a Spanish section.[30]

In September 2008, FNC joined other channels in introducing a live streaming segment to its website: The Strategy Room, designed to appeal to older viewers. It airs weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and takes the form of an informal discussion, with running commentary on the news. Regular discussion programs include Business Hour, News With a View and God Talk.[31] In March 2009, The Fox Nation was launched as a website intended to encourage readers to post, commenting on the news.[32] Fox News Mobile is the portion of the FNC website dedicated to streaming news clips formatted for video-enabled mobile phones.[33]

Notable personalities

Program hosts

Correspondents and substitute anchors

Regular guests and contributors

Former hosts and contributors

Ratings and reception

Newsroom, with political signs on the wall
FNC's Hannity production area

FNC saw a large ratings jump during the early stages of the US invasion of Iraq. According to some reports, at the height of the conflict Fox News had as much as a 300-percent increase in viewership (averaging 3.3 million viewers daily).[35] In 2004, FNC's ratings for its broadcast of the Republican National Convention exceeded those of the three major broadcast networks. During President George W. Bush's address, Fox News attracted 7.3 million viewers nationally; NBC, ABC, and CBS had a viewership of 5.9 million, 5.1 million and 5.0 million respectively.

In late 2005 and early 2006, FNC saw a brief decline in ratings. One decline was in the second quarter of 2006, when Fox News lost viewers for every prime-time program compared with the previous quarter. The audience for Special Report with Brit Hume, for example, dropped 19 percent. Several weeks later, in the wake of the 2006 North Korean missile test and the 2006 Lebanon War, Fox saw a surge in viewership and remained the #1-rated cable news channel.[36][37] Fox produced eight of the top ten most-watched nightly cable news shows, with The O'Reilly Factor and Hannity & Colmes finishing first and second respectively.[38]

FNC ranked #8 in viewership among all cable channels in 2006, and #6 in 2007.[39] The channel ranked #1 during the week of Barack Obama's election (November 3–9) in 2008, and reached the top spot again in January 2010 (during the week of the special Senate election in Massachusetts).[40] Comparing Fox to its 24-hour-news-channel competitors, in May 2010 the channel drew an average daily prime-time audience of 1.8 million viewers (versus 747,000 for MSNBC and 595,000 for CNN).[41]

In September 2009, the Pew Research Center published a report on the public view of national news organizations. In the report, 72 percent of polled Republican Fox viewers rated the channel as "favorable", while 43 percent of polled Democratic viewers and 55 percent of all polled viewers shared that opinion. However, Fox was given the highest "unfavorable" rating of all national outlets studied (25 percent of all polled viewers). The report went on to say, "partisan differences in views of Fox News have increased substantially since 2007".[42]

On the night of October 22, 2012, Fox set a record for its highest-rated telecast ever, with 11.5 million viewers for the third U.S. presidential debate.[43][44] In prime time the week before, Fox averaged almost 3.7 million viewers with a total day average of 1.66 million viewers.[45]

A Public Policy Polling poll concluded in 2013 that perceptions of FNC had declined from 2010. 41% of polled voters said they trust it, down from 49% in 2010, while 46% said they distrust it, up from 37% in 2010. It was also called the "most trusted" network by 34% of those polled, more than had said the same of any other network.[46]

In primetime and total day ratings for the week of April 15 to 21, 2013, Fox News, propelled by its coverage of the Boston Marathon bombing, was the highest-ranked network on U.S. cable television, for the first time since August 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the United States.[47]

January 2014 marked Fox News's 145th consecutive month as the number one rated cable news channel. During that month, Fox News beat CNN and MSNBC combined in overall viewers in both prime time hours and the total day.[48] In the third quarter of 2014, the network was the most-watched cable channel during prime time hours.[49]

During the final week of the campaign for the United States elections, 2014, Fox News had the highest ratings of any cable channel, news or otherwise. On election night itself, Fox News' coverage had higher ratings than that of any of the other five cable or network news sources among viewers between 25 and 54 years of age.[50]

The network hosted the first prime-time GOP candidates' forum of the 2016 campaign on August 6. The debate reached a record-breaking 24 million viewers, by far the largest audience ever for any cable news event.[51]

Demographics

As indicated by a New York Times article, based on Nielsen statistics, Fox appears to have a mostly aged demographic.[52] In 2008, in the 25–54 age group, Fox News had an average of 557,000 viewers, but dropped to 379,000 in 2013 while increasing its overall audience from 1.89 million in 2010 to 2.02 million in 2013. The median age for Fox News viewers is listed as 65+ as Nielsen does not give exact figures for ages over 65.

Slogan

"Fair & Balanced" against blue, black and red background
2005 "Fair & Balanced" graphic

"Fair & Balanced" is a trademarked slogan used by the broadcaster, originally used in conjunction with the phrase "Real Journalism". Comedian Al Franken used the slogan in the subtitle for his 2003 book Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. In the book, he cites examples of what he claims to be Fox News' bias. On August 7, 2003, Fox News sued for trademark infringement.[53] The lawsuit was dropped three days later, after Judge Denny Chin refused its request for an injunction. In his decision, Chin ruled that the case (Fox v. Franken) was "wholly without merit, both factually and legally". He went on to suggest that Fox News' trademark on the phrase "fair and balanced" could be invalid.[54]

In December 2003, FNC won a legal battle concerning the slogan, when AlterNet filed a cancellation petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to have FNC's trademark rescinded as inaccurate. AlterNet included the documentary film Outfoxed as supporting evidence in its case.[55] After losing early motions, AlterNet withdrew its petition; the USPTO dismissed the case.[56] In 2008, FNC used the slogan "We Report, You Decide", referring to "You Decide 2008" (FNC's original slogan for its coverage of election issues).

Controversies

Main article: Fox News controversies

Alleged bias

See also: Racial bias in criminal news § Fox News

Fox News Channel has long been accused of promoting conservative political positions[57] and has been widely criticized for biased reporting.[8] Critics of the channel have stated Fox News has a bias favoring the political right and the Republican Party.[9] Fox News host Chris Wallace has said, "I think we are the counter-weight [to NBC News] ... they have a liberal agenda, and we tell the other side of the story."[58][59][60][61] Timothy Noah stated in an editorial in Slate Magazine that Fox News had a conservative bias.[62] Fox News has publicly denied such statements.[63] Murdoch and Ailes' replies have included Murdoch's statement that Fox has "given room to both sides, whereas only one side had it before".[64][65] In 2004, director Robert Greenwald produced the documentary film Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism, which argues that Fox News has a conservative bias.[66] The film includes clips from Fox News and internal memos from editorial vice president John Moody directing Fox News staff on how to report certain subjects.[67]

A leaked memo from Fox News vice president Bill Sammon to news staff at the height of the health care reform in the United States debate has been cited as an example of the pro-Republican Party bias of Fox News. His memo asked the staff to "use the term 'government-run health insurance,' or, when brevity is a concern, 'government option,' whenever possible". The memo was sent shortly after Republican pollster Frank Luntz advised Sean Hannity on his Fox show that "If you call it a public option, the American people are split. If you call it the government option, the public is overwhelmingly against it".[68]

A Pew Research poll released on October 29, 2009 found that Fox News is viewed as the most ideological channel in America. 47 percent of those surveyed said Fox News is "mostly conservative", 14 percent said "mostly liberal" and 24 percent said "neither". In comparison, MSNBC had 36 percent identify it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 27 percent as "neither". CNN had 37 percent describe it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 33 percent as "neither".[69] A 2004 Pew Research Center survey showed that FNC was cited (unprompted) by 69 percent of national journalists as a conservative news organization. The survey showed that 34 percent of national journalists describe themselves as liberal, compared with 7 percent who describe themselves as conservative.[70]

A poll by Rasmussen Reports found that 31 percent of Americans felt that Fox News has a conservative bias, and 15 percent that it has a liberal bias. The poll also reported that 36 percent believed Fox News delivers news with neither a conservative or liberal bias, compared with 37 percent who said NPR delivers news with no conservative or liberal bias and 32 percent who said the same of CNN.[71] A 2007 study looked at the introduction of Fox News into local U.S. markets between 1996 and 2000, and found that in the 2000 presidential election "Republicans gained 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points in the towns that broadcast Fox News". The study's estimates "imply that Fox News convinced 3 to 28 percent of its viewers to vote Republican, depending on the audience measure".[72]

A 2010 study by Sean Aday comparing Fox News Channel's Special Report With Brit Hume and NBC's Nightly News coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan during 2005 found that both underplayed bad news; it concluded that "Fox News was much more sympathetic to the administration than NBC", suggesting that "if scholars continue to find evidence of a partisan or ideological bias at FNC...they should consider Fox as alternative, rather than mainstream, media". Aday also stated, however, that the data used in his study may have come late enough in the war to be consistent with accepted practice.[clarification needed][73]

David Carr, media critic for The New York Times, praised the 2012 presidential election results coverage on Fox News for the network's response to Republican adviser and Fox News contributor Karl Rove challenging its call that Barack Obama would win Ohio and the election. Fox's prediction was correct. Carr wrote:

Over many months, Fox lulled its conservative base with agitprop: that President Obama was a clear failure, that a majority of Americans saw [Mitt] Romney as a good alternative in hard times, and that polls showing otherwise were politically motivated and not to be believed. But on Tuesday night, the people in charge of Fox News were confronted with a stark choice after it became clear that Mr. Romney had fallen short: was Fox, first and foremost, a place for advocacy or a place for news? In this moment, at least, Fox chose news.[74]

Alleged misrepresentation of facts

Media Matters for America, which bills itself as a "progressive research and information center dedicated to comprehensively monitoring, analyzing, and correcting conservative misinformation in the U.S. media,"[75] cataloged what it called the ten most "egregious examples" of "distortion" by both Fox News and its TV personalities.[76] Criticism includes several examples of cropping quotes from President Obama, Vice President Biden and Vice President Gore so they appear out of context, using image-manipulation software to edit the appearance of reporters from The New York Times and using footage from other events during a report on the November 5, 2009 Tea Party rally in Washington, D.C.; Media Matters said the intention of Fox News was to make it appear as if a larger number of protesters attended the event.[77] The group also called attention to the December 4, 2009 edition of Fox and Friends, accusing the program of misleading its viewers with a "questionable graphic" showing the result of a Rasmussen Reports climate-change poll totaling 120 percent.[78] Fox News disputed the claim that the graph was in error, saying that they merely took three pieces of polling data from Rasmussen Polls on the screen, and also pointed out that they never explicitly said on the screen that the climate change graph was supposed to equal 100%.[79]

In November 2009, Fox News anchor Gregg Jarrett told viewers that a Sarah Palin book signing in Grand Rapids, Michigan had a massive turnout, showing footage of Palin with a large crowd. Jarrett stated that the former Republican vice-presidential candidate is "continuing to draw huge crowds while she's promoting her brand-new book", adding that the images being shown were "some of the pictures just coming in to us.... The lines earlier had formed this morning".[80] The video was actually taken from a 2008 McCain-Palin campaign rally. Fox senior vice president for news Michael Clemente issued a statement saying, "This was a production error in which the copy editor changed a script and didn't alert the control room to update the video".[80] Fox offered an on-air apology the following day during the same Happening Now segment, expressing regrets for what it described as a "video error" with no intent to mislead.[81]

Fox also apologized for fabricated quotes attributed to John Kerry in an article on its website during the 2004 presidential campaign,[82] stating that the piece was a joke which accidentally appeared on the website.[83]

Obama administration conflict with Fox News

In September 2009, the Obama administration engaged in a verbal conflict with Fox News Channel. On September 20, President Obama appeared on all major news programs except Fox News, a snub partially in response to remarks about the president by commentators Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity, and Fox coverage of Obama's health-care proposal.[84][85]

In late September 2009, Obama senior advisor David Axelrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to attempt to smooth out tensions between the two camps. Two weeks later, White House officials referred to FNC as "not a news network", communications director Anita Dunn stating that "Fox News often operates as either the research arm or the communications arm of the Republican Party".[86][87] President Obama observed, "If media is operating basically as a talk radio format, then that's one thing, and if it's operating as a news outlet, then that's another".[88] White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel stated that it was important "to not have the CNNs and the others in the world basically be led in following Fox".[89]

Within days, it was reported that Fox had been excluded from an interview with administration official Ken Feinberg, with bureau chiefs from the White House press pool (ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN) coming to Fox's defense.[90] A bureau chief stated, "If any member had been excluded it would have been the same thing, it has nothing to do with Fox or the White House or the substance of the issues".[91] Shortly after the story broke, the White House admitted to a low-level mistake, saying that Fox had not made a specific request to interview Feinberg. Fox White House correspondent Major Garrett responded by stating that he had not made a specific request, but that he had a "standing request from me as senior White House correspondent on Fox to interview any newsmaker at the Treasury at any given time news is being made".[92]

On November 8, 2009, the Los Angeles Times reported that an unnamed Democratic consultant was warned by the White House not to appear on Fox News again. According to the article, Anita Dunn claimed in an e-mail to have checked with colleagues who "deal with TV issues" and had been told that nobody had been instructed to avoid Fox. Patrick Caddell, a Fox News contributor and former pollster for President Jimmy Carter, said he had spoken with other Democratic consultants who had received similar warnings from the White House.[93]

On October 2, 2013, Fox News host Anna Kooiman cited on the air a fake story from the National Report parody site, which claimed that President Obama had offered to keep the International Museum of Muslim Cultures open with cash from his own pocket.[94][95][96]

International transmission

The FNC feed is available internationally via a number of providers, while Fox Extra segments provide alternate programming.[97]

Fox Extra

Initially, U.S. advertisements were replaced on FNC with viewer e-mail and profiles of FNC anchors set to music. In 2002, these were replaced with international weather forecasts. In 2006, the weather forecasts were replaced with Fox Extra (originally Fox News Extra, prior to the international launch of Fox Business) segments, narrated reports from Fox on a variety of topics. These reports generally concern lighter issues unrelated to current news events, and the segments are repeated. FNC also shows international weather forecasts when Fox Extra segments run short. In the United Kingdom, after a period when local commercials were inserted into breaks, Fox Extra now fills most breaks.

Australia

In Australia, FNC is broadcast on the dominant pay television provider Foxtel, which is 50% owned by News Corp Australia, the Australian arm of News Corp and the sister company of 21st Century Fox which owns FNC. Local cable news channel Sky News Australia is wholly owned by News Corp Australia[98] and is therefore FNC's de facto sister channel, although has formal partnerships with FNC competitor CNN as well as both ABC News and CBS News.[99]

Brazil

Since 2002, FNC has been broadcast to Brazil; however, commercials are replaced with Fox Extra. It is available in packages of Vivo TV.

Canada

In 2003, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) rejected a Canadian Cable Telecommunications Association (CCTA) application to bring Fox News to Canada due to concerns that Fox News U.S. and the Global Television Network were planning to create a combined American-Canadian news network. In 2004, after a Fox News U.S. executive said there were no plans to create a combined channel, the CRTC approved an application to bring Fox News to Canada.[100]

France

Fox News is available on cable through French internet providers Free and Orange.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, It is available in Channel 335 in pay TV provider Indovision.

Ireland

FNC is carried in the Republic of Ireland by the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network (Sky), which is 40-percent owned by FNC's parent company, 21st Century Fox. It is run as a sister channel to BSkyB's popular Sky News. FNC is usually broadcast as a VideoGuard-encrypted channel; during major news stories, it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free-to-air. As of September 2006, the channel has carried UK-specific advertising, headlines and weather provided by Sky News during its breaks. These run under the brand of Fox News International. Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News and Sky News share bureaus and reporters for breaking news stories worldwide.

Israel

In Israel, FNC is broadcast on Channel 105 of the satellite provider yes. It is also broadcast on channel 71 on cable operator HOT.[101]

Italy

In Italy, FNC was launched on the now-defunct Italian digital satellite television platform Stream TV in 2001. Part of its programming was translated into Italian and broadcast on the defunct Italian news channel Stream News. In 2003, it moved to SKY Italia, with U.S. commercials replaced by Fox News Extra segments. It is available to 4.6 million subscribers and 160,000 hotel rooms. SKY TG 24 is a sister channel to Fox News.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, Fox News has been carried by cable providers UPC and CASEMA, and satellite provider Canaldigitaal; all have dropped the channel in recent years. At this time, only cable provider Caiway (available in a limited number of towns in the central part of the country) is broadcasting the channel. The channel is also carried by IPTV provider KNIPPR.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, FNC is broadcast on Channel 088 of pay satellite operator SKY Network Television's digital platform. It was formerly broadcast overnight on free-to-air UHF New Zealand TV channel Prime (owned by SKY); this was discontinued in January 2010, reportedly due to an expiring broadcasting license.[102] Fox News' former parent company News Corporation has a stake in both SKY and Prime.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, Fox News Channel is available on PTCL Smart TV and a number of cable and IPTV operators.

Philippines

In the Philippines, Fox News Channel was available on cable operator Destiny Cable channel 21 (analog)/channel 112 (digital) Now on SkyCable Channel 112 it is available only on digital platform. And now on Skycable available on High Definition Channel 211. It is also seen on Cignal Digital TV channel 41.

Scandinavia

Between 2003 and 2006, in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries, FNC was broadcast 16 hours a day on TV8 (with Fox News Extra segments replacing U.S. advertising). Fox News was dropped by TV8 and replaced by German news channel Deutsche Welle in September 2006.

Singapore

In Singapore, FNC is broadcast on channel 702 on pay cable operator StarHub TV digital platform. It also broadcasts its sister channel, Sky News.

South Africa

In South Africa, FNC is broadcast on channel 405 of pay satellite operator TopTV's digital platform.[103]

United Kingdom

FNC is also carried in the United Kingdom by Sky, the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network, which is 40-percent owned by FNC parent 21st Century Fox. It is run as a sister channel to BSkyB's own Sky News. FNC is usually broadcast as a VideoGuard-encrypted channel; during major news stories, it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free-to-air. As of September 2006, the channel has carried UK-specific advertising, headlines and weather provided by Sky News during its breaks. These run under the brand of Fox News International. Beginning in winter 2011, most breaks resumed Fox Extra. Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News (and Fox Business) and Sky News share bureaus and reporters for breaking news stories worldwide.

World map, with countries carrying terrestrial FNC in red and satellite providers in orange
Countries where Fox News is provided

Other countries

Fox News Channel is carried in more than 40 other countries. Although service to Japan ceased in summer 2003, it can still be seen on Americable (distributor for American bases),[104] Mediatti (Kadena Air Base)[105] and Pan Global TV Japan.[106]

See also

References

  1. ^ Seidman, Robert (February 22, 2015). "List of how many homes each cable network is in as of February 2015". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved March 14, 2015. 
  2. ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (October 7, 1996). "At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is fairness, separating news from bias". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  3. ^ Brancaccio, David (October 7, 1996). "Marketplace: News Archives". Marketplace. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010. 
  4. ^ a b King, Angela G. (October 7, 1996). "Fox Hunts TV News Niche with Channel Debut Today". New York Daily News. 
  5. ^ Gillette, Felix (October 1, 2008). "Viewers Continuing to Flock to Cable News Networks". The New York Observer.
  6. ^ "Roger Ailes Resigns From Fox News Amid Sexual Harassment Accusations". Time. July 21, 2016. 
  7. ^ "Roger Ailes leaves Fox News in wake of sexual harassment claims". The Guardian. July 21, 2016. 
  8. ^ a b James Robert Compton (2004). The Integrated News Spectacle: A Political Economy of Cultural Performance. Peter Lang. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-8204-7070-2. 
  9. ^ a b Paul La Monica (2009). Inside Rupert's Brain. Peter Lang. p. 5. ISBN 1101016590. 
  10. ^ "Media Sources: Distinct Favorites Emerge on the Left and Right". Pew Research Center. October 21, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2016. 
  11. ^ Anthony Collings (2010). Capturing the News: Three Decades of Reporting Crisis and Conflict. University of Missouri Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8262-7211-9. 
  12. ^ Jonathan McCollum; David G. Hebert (2014). Theory and Method in Historical Ethnomusicology. Lexington Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4985-0705-9. 
  13. ^ Memmott, Mark (September 2, 2004). "Fox newspeople say allegations of bias unfounded". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009.  "White House Escalates War of Words With Fox News". Fox News. October 12, 2009. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2009. 
  14. ^ Lenzner, Robert (May 5, 1985). "Murdoch, partner plan 4th network". The Boston Globe. Section: National/Foreign; Page 1 (the six stations cover many of the nation's major markets – New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston and Washington)
  15. ^ "$55.9 Million Fox Film Loss". The New York Times. July 11, 1985. p. D19.
  16. ^ "Turnaround for Fox Film". Chicago Tribune. July 17, 1986. Section: Business; p. 1. Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ^ Shah, Saeed (September 24, 2002). "Business Analysis: Unstoppable Sky machine rolls on as ITV troubles worsen Dawn Airey's free-to-air television experience will be invaluable to BSkyB as it moves beyond its pay-TV model". The Independent. Section: Business; p. 21.
  18. ^ Schulberg, Pete. (July 15, 1994) "Fox is a business, if not artistic, success". The Oregonian. Section: Television; Page E1.
  19. ^ Braxton, Greg (April 6, 1997). "How Fox broke from the pack to become cutting-edge network". Chicago Sun-Times.
  20. ^ Williams, Scott (January 31, 1996). "Murdoch taps Ailes for new network; Former CNBC chief set to direct 24-hour news channel, take on CNN". Associated Press.
  21. ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (October 7, 1996). "At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is fairness, separating news from bias". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  22. ^ "Fox News Channel". News Corporation. April 18, 2008. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2008. 
  23. ^ Richard Katz (May 1996). "Bold grab for subs: Murdoch offers $11 to carry Fox News". Multichannel News. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010. 
  24. ^ Landler, Mark (October 4, 1996). "Giuliani Pressures Time Warner to Transmit a Fox Channel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  25. ^ Levy, Clifford J. (October 5, 1996). "City Hall Threatens Action if Time Warner Rejects Channel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  26. ^ Dudak, Gary (September 11, 2012). "11 Direct Effects 9/11 Had on the Sports and Entertainment Industries". Mandatory.com. Retrieved September 13, 2012. 
  27. ^ Stelter, Brian. "Fox's Volley With Obama Intensifying." NYT. Oct.11, 2009. Retrieved via nytimes.com on Nov.16, 2009.
  28. ^ "Multichannel News April 29, 2008 Fox News to make HD bow with Time Warner". Multichannel.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009. 
  29. ^ "Privacy Policy". Fox News. 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-10-20. 
  30. ^ "Fox News Latino". Fox News Latino. November 23, 2015. 
  31. ^ "For Talking Heads, a Spot to Relax and Sip Coffee, on Webcam " The New York Times. February 15, 2009.
  32. ^ Welcome to the Fox Nation Foxnews.com, March 30, 2009
  33. ^ "Fox News Mobile website". Foxnews.com. June 12, 2008. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009. 
  34. ^ "Nigel Farage hired by Fox News as a political analyst". BBC. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017. 
  35. ^ "War coverage lifts News Corp". BBC. August 13, 2003. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2005. 
  36. ^ FNC's 25–54 Prime "Downward Spiral", TV Newser
  37. ^ Cable TV: Content Analysis, The State of the News Media 2005
  38. ^ April 2005 Competitive Program Ranker (M-F 6a-11p programs), TV Newser
  39. ^ "Fox News Channel Leads in 2007 Cable News Ratings". Broadcastingcable.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  40. ^ Fox News Channel tops USA in cable ratings Reuters January 27, 2010
  41. ^ 'Fox News North' primed for launch The Globe and Mail June 15, 2010
  42. ^ "Press Accuracy Rating Hits Two-Decade Low". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. 
  43. ^ Michael O'Connell (October 23, 2012). "Final Debate Breaks Fox News Ratings Record With 11.5 Million, Topping Cable Competition". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  44. ^ Patten, Dominic. "UPDATE: 59.2M Watch Final Presidential Debate; NBC Wins Coverage Battle". Deadline. 
  45. ^ Flint, Joe (October 23, 2012). "Fox News scores big ratings win". Los Angeles Times. 
  46. ^ Fox News' Credibility Declines Public Policy Polling February 6, 2013
  47. ^ "Fox News Tops All Cable For 1st Time Since 2005". Deadline. April 23, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  48. ^ "Fox News Channel Tops Cable News Ratings In January – Deadline". Deadline. January 28, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  49. ^ Michael O'Connell (September 30, 2014). "Fox News Nabs Historic Cable Ratings Victory". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  50. ^ Zurawik, David (17 November 2014). "New level of Fox News dominance demands analysis, not dismissal". Baltimore Sun. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved 23 November 2014. 
  51. ^ Bauder, David (7 August 2015). "Fox's GOP debate had record 24 million viewers". Money.CNN. Retrieved 8 August 2015. 
  52. ^ Carter, Bill (July 22, 2013). "Fox Viewers May Be Graying, but Their Passion Still Pays". The New York Times. 
  53. ^ de Moraes, Lisa (August 12, 2003). Three Little Words: Fox News Sues.[dead link] Washington Post
  54. ^ Phil Hirschkorn (August 22, 2003). Fox News loses attempt to block satirist's book. CNN
  55. ^ Coyle, Jake (July 19, 2004). Advocacy Groups Challenge Fox News Slogan. Associated Press
  56. ^ Official Documentation of Petitioned Cancellation of "Fair & Balanced" trademark phrase, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Inquiry System
  57. ^ Memmott, Mark (July 12, 2004). "Film accuses Fox of slanting the news". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2009. 
  58. ^ "Exclusive: Jon Stewart on 'Fox News Sunday' | Fox News Video". Video.foxnews.com. 2011-06-19. Retrieved 2013-10-20. 
  59. ^ David Corn. "Did Chris Wallace Really Say Fox News Isn't Fair and Balanced?". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2013-10-20. 
  60. ^ Garth Johnston (2011-06-21). "Jon Stewart: Chris Wallace Admitted Fox News Was Unbalanced". Gothamist. Retrieved 2013-10-20. 
  61. ^ "Jon Stewart Dissects Chris Wallace's Fox News Logic – Erik Hayden". The Atlantic Wire. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2013-10-20. 
  62. ^ Timothy Noah, Fox News admits bias!, Slate, May 31, 2005. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
  63. ^ Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes, Financial Times, October 6, 2006
  64. ^ News Corp denies Fox News bias Australian Associated Press, October 26, 2004
  65. ^ Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes, Financial Times, October 6, 2006
  66. ^ Clifford G. Christians; Mark Fackler; Kathy Richardson (2015). Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-34652-4. 
  67. ^ Kurtz, Howard (July 11, 2004), "Tilting at the Right, Leaning to the Left", The Washington Post, pp. D01 
  68. ^ "Leaked Fox News Memo Reveals News Division Told To Echo GOP Talking Point, Business Insider, December 9, 2010". Business Insider. December 9, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  69. ^ "Fox News Viewed as Most Ideological Network". Pew Research Center. October 29, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  70. ^ "Bottom-Line Pressures Now Hurting Coverage, Say Journalists: Overview – Pew Research Center for the People & the Press". Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. May 23, 2004. Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  71. ^ "Americans See Liberal Media Bias on TV News – Rasmussen Reports". Rasmussenreports.com. July 13, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  72. ^ Stefano DellaVigna and Ethan Kaplan (2007), "The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting", Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2007, Vol. 122, No. 3, Pages 1187–1234
  73. ^ Aday, S. (2010), "Chasing the bad news: An analysis of 2005 Iraq and Afghanistan war coverage on NBC and Fox News channel", Journal of Communication 60 (1), pp. 144–164
  74. ^ David Carr, "Election News Over Agenda for Fox", The New York Times, 11 November 2012.
  75. ^ "About". Meda Matters. Retrieved January 23, 2013. 
  76. ^ Weiner, Rachel (October 20, 2009). "The Ten Most Egregious Fox News Distortions". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  77. ^ D.C.P. (November 11, 2009). "Hannity video switch-up is only the tip of Fox News' video-doctoring iceberg". Media Matters for America. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010. 
  78. ^ Simon Maloy (December 8, 2009). "Fox News fiddles with climate change polling". Media Matters for America. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010. 
  79. ^ Calderone, Michael (December 8, 2009). "Fox producer: no error in graphic; Media Matters responds". Politico. Retrieved May 18, 2015. 
  80. ^ a b "Fox News again accused of airing misleading video". yahoo.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009. 
  81. ^ FoxNews (November 19, 2009). "For That We Apologize". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2009. 
  82. ^ Burkeman, Oliver. "Fox News apologises for Kerry fabrication." The Guardian, October 4, 2004.
  83. ^ Times Staff Writer (October 2, 2004). "Fox Posts Reporter's Kerry Spoof on Website". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved April 29, 2011. The chief political correspondent for "Fox News" wrote a fictitious story Friday referring to Sen. John F. Kerry as a "metrosexual" who does manicures that was temporarily posted on the network's website. 
  84. ^ Stelter, Brian (October 12, 2009). "Fox's Volley With Obama Intensifying". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  85. ^ "White House: Fox Pushed Team Obama Over the Brink – US News and World Report". Usnews.com. October 23, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010. 
  86. ^ "The Fox News war: What's the upside for Obama?". CSMonitor.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2009. 
  87. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (October 23, 2009). "Behind the War Between White House and Fox". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  88. ^ "President Obama's Feud with FOX News – CBS Evening News". CBS News. October 23, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010. 
  89. ^ "Obama's misguided Fox hunt". Los Angeles Times. October 24, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  90. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (October 23, 2009). "Behind the War Between White House and Fox". The New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  91. ^ Christina Bellantoni (October 23, 2009). "WH: We're Happy To Exclude Fox, But Didn't Yesterday With Feinberg Interview | TPMDC". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010. 
  92. ^ Krakauer, Steve (October 27, 2009). "Finally Resolved? Major Garrett Reveals His Side of Pay Czar-Gate". Mediaite. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2015. 
  93. ^ Nicholas, Peter (November 8, 2009). "Democratic consultant says he got a warning from White House after appearing on Fox News". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010. 
  94. ^ Eric Pfeiffer. "Fox News mistakenly airs parody of Obama offering to personally fund Muslim museum". Yahoo News. Yahoo! News. 
  95. ^ Max Rivlin-Nadler. "Fox News Falls For Fake Story Claiming Obama is Funding Muslim Museum". Gawker. Gawker.com. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2013. 
  96. ^ Barbara Mikkelson. "Museum Peace". Snopes. Snopes.com. Retrieved 6 October 2013. 
  97. ^ "Fox Around the World". Fox News.com. Fox News Channel. March 6, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2012. 
  98. ^ "News Corp buys Sky News in Australia and New Zealand from Seven and Nine". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016. 
  99. ^ "News Limited seals pay TV deal after Federal Court approves CMH takeover". The Australian. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012. 
  100. ^ "CRTC approves Fox News for Canada". cbc.ca. November 18, 2004. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  101. ^ "HOT channel listing". Retrieved September 30, 2014. 
  102. ^ "Why is Fox News no longer airing on Prime?". skytv.co.nz. January 26, 2001. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  103. ^ "TopTV – Bouquet Channels". toptv.co.za. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. 
  104. ^ "Americable". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. 
  105. ^ "Mediatti". Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. 
  106. ^ "Pan Global TV Japan". Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. 

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fox_News&oldid=769694037"