Robinson R44

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R44
Robinson-R44 1.jpg
Role Light utility and trainer helicopter
Manufacturer Robinson Helicopter Company
Designer Frank D. Robinson
First flight 31 March 1990
Introduction 1993
Status in production
Produced 5,610 (2012)[1][not in citation given]
Unit cost
from US$425,000 (2011)
Developed from Robinson R22
Developed into Robinson R66

The Robinson R44 is a four-seat light helicopter produced by Robinson Helicopter Company since 1992. Based on the company's two-seat Robinson R22, the R44 features hydraulically assisted flight controls. It was first flown on 31 March 1990 and received FAA certification in December 1992, with the first delivery in February 1993.

The R44 has been the world's best-selling general aviation (GA) helicopter every year since 1999. It is the most-produced GA aircraft of the 21st century, with 5,805 deliveries from 2000-2016.[2][3]

Design and development[edit]

The R44 is a single-engined helicopter with a semi-rigid two-bladed main rotor, a two-bladed tail rotor and a skid landing gear. It has an enclosed cabin with two rows of side-by-side seating for a pilot and three passengers. Tail rotor direction of rotation on the R44 is reversed compared to the R22 for improved yaw control authority. On the R44 the advancing blade is on the bottom.

Designed during the 1980s by Frank Robinson and his staff of engineers, the R44 first flew on 31 March 1990. The R44 Astro was awarded an FAA Type Certificate in December 1992, with the first deliveries taking place in January 1993. The first R44 Newscopter featuring onboard electronic news gathering equipment was delivered in 1998.[4] In January 2000, Robinson introduced the Raven with hydraulically assisted controls[5] and adjustable pedals. In July 2002, Robinson introduced the Raven II featuring a more powerful, fuel-injected engine and wider blades, allowing a higher gross weight and improved altitude performance.

Robinson produced 186 R44s in 2014.[6]

During November 2015 Robinson announced the Cadet, a Raven I with a cargo area instead of the two back seats, a slightly less powerful engine and a more efficient muffler.[7]

Operators[edit]

An Arena Aviation R44 Raven II with a Cineflex V14 high definition camera system
R44 Raven at RIAT 2008
View from an R44 Astro at Cotswold Airport, England, showing part of the instrument panel (2009)
An R44 parked in a clear cut area near Manitoba, Canada

Civilian operators[edit]

The aircraft is operated by many private individuals, companies and flying clubs.

In 1997, a Robinson R44 was piloted by Jennifer Murray for the first helicopter circumnavigation of the world by a woman, covering a distance of 36,000 miles in 97 days.[8][9] As of 2014, an R44 holds the piston speed record of 227 km/h.[10]

 Russia

Police operators[edit]

 Philippines
 South Africa
 United States
 Uruguay

Military operators[edit]

 Dominican Republic
 Estonia
 Jordan
 Lebanon

Accidents and incidents[edit]

The R44 was found to be prone to post-accident fires due to damage to the aluminum fuel tanks, allowing fuel to leak out. In 2009, the company began installing bladder-type fuel tanks in all new R44 helicopters. It also issued Service Bulletin SB-78 on 20 December 2010, requiring R44 helicopters with all-aluminum fuel tanks to be retrofitted with bladder-type tanks to "improve the R44's fuel system's resistance to a post-accident fuel leak." The company recommended that the change should be done as soon as practical, but no later than 31 December 2014. The compliance date was later moved to 30 April 2013.[20]

An accident investigation by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) in March 2013 found, after analyzing historical data, that a significantly higher proportion of R44 aircraft (12%) caught fire after crashing, compared to accidents involving other types of piston-engine helicopters (7%).[21] Preliminary analysis by the ATSB of the NTSB's accident database found a similar statistic, with 15% of accidents in the US involving R44 helicopters having post-crash fires.[21]

Heli Air Robinson R44 Raven II arrives for the 2014 Royal International Air Tattoo, England

Although the data did not consider which type of fuel tanks were fitted, the report mentioned four fatal accidents to the R44 fitted with bladder-type tanks, but as far as they knew, did not involve a post-accident fire. The ATSB recommended that the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) take further action to urge R44 owners to fit bladder-type tanks.[22] The FAA, the governing body in the country of manufacture whose directives would normally be followed in other countries like Australia, had not mandated the retrofit; CASA therefore issued Australian-specific airworthiness directive AD/R44/23, grounding R44 aircraft on 30 April 2013 that had not yet been upgraded.[23]

On 19 February 2015, the New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority issued an Airworthiness Directive grounding 80 of the country's R44 helicopters after two people were killed in an accident traced to a particular type of main rotor blade, the P/N C016-7 or Dash 7, which a preliminary investigation determined had failed in flight - the second failure or partial-failure in two months. This was the largest-scale grounding of any aircraft in New Zealand's history. The CAA determined through laboratory tests that the rotor blade had failed due to overload during the crash and was not the cause of the accident and the fleet was ungrounded on 24 February 2015. The CAA left the Airworthiness Directive requiring repetitive inspections in place, however. Director of Civil Aviation, Graeme Harris stated, "we don’t want to see any complacency amongst operators as there is still a concern with these blades and we are waiting on test results from the USA before we review the Airworthiness notice."[24] Following the grounding in New Zealand, Australia's Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) also grounded R44 Helicopters with the same rotor blades.[25][26][27]

Specifications (R44 Raven II)[edit]

Data from Robinson R44 Raven II Pilot's Operating Handbook and FAA approved rotorcraft flight manual, dated 13 June 2005.

General characteristics

  • Crew: one or two pilots
  • Capacity: four, including pilot
  • Payload: 748 lb (340 kg)
  • Length: 38 ft 3 in (11.65 m)
  • Rotor diameter: 33 ft (10.1 m)
  • Tail rotor diameter: 4 ft 10 in (1.5 m)
  • Height: 10 ft 9 in (3.3 m)
  • Empty weight: 1,450 lb (658 kg)
  • Loaded weight: 2,500 lb (998kg)
  • Fuel: 100 low lead (100LL) fuel or 100/130.
  • Main tank capacity: 31.6 US gallons (120 liters)
  • Main tank usable fuel: 30.6 US gallons (116 liters)
  • Auxiliary tank capacity: 18.5 US gallons (70 liters)
  • Auxiliary tank usable fuel: 18.3 US gallons (69 liters)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-540-AE1A5 6 cylinder, flat engine with fuel injection, 245 bhp (183 kW)

Performance

See also[edit]

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Robinson-Journal-2013.
  2. ^ General Aviation Manufacturers Association (2014). "2013 General Aviation Statistical Databook & Industry Outlook" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2016. 
  3. ^ General Aviation Manufacturers Association (2017). "2016 General Aviation Statistical Databook & Industry Outlook" (PDF). Retrieved 22 February 2017. 
  4. ^ "February 1998 - Robinson Helicopter Company". robinsonheli.com. Retrieved 2017-02-14. 
  5. ^ a b Greenspun, Philip. "Robinson R44 Raven I – owner's review" July 2014. Accessed: 20 September 2014.
  6. ^ Head, Elan (2015). "Expanded options". Vertical Magazine, Heli-Expo news. pp. 64–66. Retrieved 11 April 2015. 
  7. ^ "Robinson introduces the two-place R44 Cadet" (PDF). Robinson Helicopter. Retrieved 19 November 2015. 
  8. ^ "FAI Record ID #6703 – Speed around the world, eastbound females. Class E-1 (Helicopters), piston" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 20 September 2014.
  9. ^ "Around the world in 99 days"
  10. ^ "Speed over a straight 15/25 km course – Class E-1 (Helicopters), piston". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Note search under E-1 Helicopters and "Speed over a straight 15/25 km course". Accessed: 26 April 2014.
  11. ^ http://www.wood.ru/ru/lonewsid-26039.html
  12. ^ GMA-News.
  13. ^ AirspaceTechnology.
  14. ^ "Down one search-and-rescue helicopter, Alaska State Troopers reorganize". Alaska Dispatch News. Retrieved December 6, 2015. 
  15. ^ "Uruguay suma helicópteros estadounidenses a la policía para reforzar la vigilancia". Agencia EFE. Retrieved January 16, 2017. 
  16. ^ a b c Flightglobal Insight.
  17. ^ airliners.net.
  18. ^ "HeliHub Royal Jordanian Air Force buys eight R44s to replace MD500s". helihub.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015. 
  19. ^ RHC Media.
  20. ^ SB-78B.
  21. ^ a b ATSB-2013, p. 7.
  22. ^ ATSB-2013, p. 12.
  23. ^ CASA-2013.
  24. ^ Kenny, Katie; Mann, Brittany (21 February 2015). "Chopper ban after deaths unprecedented". Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 22 February 2015. 
  25. ^ Ward, Nicholas (21 February 2015). "EMERGENCY AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE - AD/R44/24 Prohibition of Flight - C016-7 Main Rotor Blades" (PDF). Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Retrieved 23 February 2015. 
  26. ^ Niles, Russ (21 February 2015). "Australia, New Zealand Ground Some R-44s". AVweb. Retrieved 23 February 2015. 
  27. ^ Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (24 February 2015). "CAA lifts flight ban on Helicopters" (PDF). Retrieved 2 June 2015. 
  28. ^ Larson, George C. Robinson: Ready for the Rebound Aviation Week, 2 March 2011. Accessed: 6 March 2011.[dead link] Paywall Library

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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