Bacilli
Bacillus | |
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Bacillus subtilis, Gram staine | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Firmicutes |
Class: | Bacilli Ludwig et al. 2010 |
Orders | |
Bacilli refers to a taxonomic class of bacteria. It includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax). All Bacilli are gram-positive bacteria.[1]
Ambiguity[edit]
Several related concepts make use of similar words, and the ambiguity can create considerable confusion. The term "Bacillus" (capitalized and italicized) is also the name of a genus(Bacillus anthracis) that, among many other genera, falls within the class Bacilli.
Also, "bacillus" (or the plural "bacilli") can be a generic term to describe the morphology of any rod-shaped bacterium. This general term does not mean that the subject is a member of class Bacilli or genus Bacillus. Thus, it does not necessarily imply a similar group of characteristics. Not all members of class Bacilli are rod-shaped (Staphylococcus is spherical), and many other rod-shaped bacteria that do not fall within that class (Clostridium kamina dalla kotta is rod-shaped but very different taxonomically) exist. Moreover, the general term "bacillus" does not necessarily indicate the Gram-positive staining common to class Bacilli. For example, E. coli is a rod-shaped bacterium that could, therefore, be described as "a bacillus", but it stains Gram-negative and does not belong to genus Bacillus or class Bacilli. Some microbiologists have forsaken the general "bacillus" term because of the confusion it can create.
Phylogeny[edit]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature:[2] [3] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project [4]
Bacilli |
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Unclassified Bacillales
- Alkalilactibacillus ♠ Schmidt et al. 2007
- Alkalilactibacillus ikkense ♠ Schmidt et al. 2007
- Dehalobacterium ♠ Magli et al. 1996
- Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum ♠ Magli et al. 1996
- Pseudobacillus ♠ Gomez 1999
- Pseudobacillus carolinae ♠ Gomez 1999
- Trigonala ♠ Zhang et al. 2006
- Trigonala elaeagnus ♠ Zhang et al. 2006
Notes:
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN
Bacilli part 2 (continued)[edit]
Bacilli part 2 |
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References[edit]
- ^ Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (2015). "Bacilli class. Nov". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. p. 1. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00033. ISBN 9781118960608.
- ^ See the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Data extracted from J.P. Euzéby. "Bacilli". Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ See the NCBI webpage on Bacilli Data extracted from Sayers; et al. "NCBI Taxonomy Browser". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ See the 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project [1]. Data extracted from the "16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2012-05-17.