Line

Line, lines or LINE may refer to:

Science and technology

Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fishing sometimes takes place in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.

The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate.

According to FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries. In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms. In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.

History

Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago. Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.Archaeology features such as shell middens, discarded fish bones, and cave paintings show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities.

Spooling

In computing, SPOOL is a type of buffering. It is used to cater for the speed mismatch between a device and a processor. The most common spooling application is print spooling, which places a task (or 'print job') into a queue for extended or later processing.

Origin of the term

According to Tanenbaum, "SPOOL" is an acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations on-line; for printers: simultaneous peripheral output on line. Possibly the term is influenced by the reel (or spool) of a magnetic tape, the part on which tape is wound for later use. A more modern interpretation of SPOOL comes from the flowchart drawing icon of a spool of thread, which, in IBM terminology, represents the (perhaps) temporary storage of data on a magnetic disk drive, under the control of an operating system task.

History

In a computer system peripheral equipment such as printers and punched card readers and punches are very slow relative to the performance of the rest of the system. Getting input into and output from the system was quickly seen to be a bottleneck. For example a job which read punched cards or generated printed output directly was forced to run at the speed of the slow mechanical devices.