Lebanese Air Force

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Lebanese Air Force
القوات الجوية اللبنانية
Lebanon Air Force seal.svg
Seal of the lebanese air force
Active 1 June 1949 – present
Country  Lebanon
Type Air force
Size 2000 active personnel
55 aircraft
12 aerosonde
Part of Lebanese Armed Forces
Headquarters Ministry of Defense
Motto(s) "Here I am, Lebanon's sky."
Anniversaries The 1st of August
Engagements
Website lebarmy.gov.lb
Commanders
Current
commander		 General Ghassan Chahine
Insignia
Ensign Flag of the Lebanese Air Force.svg
Roundel Roundel of the Lebanese Air Force.svg
Aircraft flown
Attack Cessna 208
Gazelle SA342L
Helicopter Huey UH-1H
Huey II
Puma SA330
AW 139
Sikorsky S-61N
Reconnaissance Raven RQ-11B
AAI Aerosonde
Trainer Robinson R44
Scottish Aviation Bulldog
Transport Cessna 414

The Lebanese Air Force (LAF) (Arabic: القوات الجوية اللبنانية‎‎, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Lubnaniyya) is the aerial warfare branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces. The seal of the air force is a Roundel with two wings and a Lebanese Cedar tree, surrounded by two laurel leaves on a blue background.

History[edit]

The Lebanese Air Force were established in 1949 under the command of then-Lieutenant Colonel Emile Boustany who later became commander of the army. Soon after its establishment, a number of aircraft were donated by the British, French, and Italian governments. Britain donated 4 Percival Prentices and 2 World War II-era Percival Proctors, while Italy donated 4 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 bombers which were mainly used for transportation. In 1953, jet fighters were introduced when 16 de Havilland Vampire jets were received. The first Hawker Hunters arrived in 1959 and were followed by additional fighters through 1977. In 1968, 12 Mirage IIIELs were delivered from France but were grounded in the late 1970s due to lack of funds. In 2000, the grounded Mirages were sold to Pakistan.[1]

The air force, in the absence of advanced fixed wing aircraft, currently relies on a helicopter force and Cessna AC 208 for reconnaissance and attack. The Lebanese Air Force consists of nine squadrons distributed between four air bases.[citation needed]

Combat history[edit]

The Lebanese Air Forces have a long history operating Hawker Hunter jets since 1958. A Lebanese Hawker Hunter shot down an Israeli jet over Kfirmishki in the early 1960s and its pilot was captured by the Lebanese Armed Forces.[citation needed] One Lebanese Hawker Hunter was shot down on the first day of the Six-Day War by an Israeli Air Force Mirage IIICJ.[2] The Hawker Hunters have not flown any combat sorties since September 17, 1983. This was at a time when the French and Americans were rebuilding the Lebanese Army. Three F.Mk.70s were made airworthy, and resumed combat operations on September 15. Because the main airfield, Rayak Air Base, had been shelled by Syrian forces, the Hunters had to operate from an airfield in Byblos. The Hunters were finally grounded in 1994 after a minor accident with one of the T.66 trainers during landing and the remaining 8 were stored in Rayak. The last loss took place in 1989 near Batroun during routine training, when the undercarriage failed to lower, causing the jet to crash. The pilot ejected safely from the doomed aircraft and landed in the Mediterranean sea, where he was promptly rescued by the Syrian Army, which then handed him over to Suleiman Frangieh, who in turn handed him over to the Lebanese Army at the al-Madfoun crossing.

During operations in the Nahr el-Bared camp in North Lebanon, lacking any airworthy, fixed-wing strike aircraft, the Lebanese Army modified several UH-1H Huey helicopters to permit the carrying of 500 pound Mark 82 and 1000 pound Mark 83 bombs (all unguided iron bombs, also known as dumb bombs) as well as Matra SNEB 68 mm rocket pods (taken from stored Hawker Hunters). Special mounting pads engineered by the Lebanese Army were attached to each Huey on the sides and belly to carry the bombs. The air force, in collaboration with the engineering regiment, developed and used two dumb bomb variants, the 250 kg LAF-GS-ER2 and the 400 kg LAF-GS-ER3.[3] Usually, helicopters cannot bomb using this method, in comparison to ground attack aircraft, so this became one of the rare moments in history during which helicopters were used in such a way. The Lebanese Army also made extensive use of Aérospatiale Gazelles armed with Euromissile HOT anti-tank guided missiles and machine gun pods.

Air bases[edit]

The Lebanese Air Force has four bases:

Squadrons[edit]

Second Squadron
Employs: Hunter Mk66C, Hunter Mk70A, and AC-208B Combat Caravan

De Havilland Vampire at the Israeli Air Force museum in Hatzerim, bearing colours of the Lebanese Air Force.
Savoia Marchetti SM.79.

Eighth Squadron
Employs: Aerospastiale SA-342 Gazelle

Ninth Squadron
Employs: IAR-330 SM Puma

Tenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Eleventh Squadron
Employs: UH-1H

Twelfth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H
The helicopters of this squadron are on loan from the squadrons at Beirut Air Base.[4]

Fourteenth Squadron
Employs: UH-1H
The helicopters of this squadron are on loan from the squadrons at Kleyate Air Base.

Fifteenth Squadron
Employs: Robinson Raven R44 II and scottish bulldog
The squadron is part of the Aviation School, which is also based at Rayak.

Sixteenth Squadron
Employs: Sikorsky S-61N MkII

Aircraft[edit]

Current inventory[edit]

Type Origin Class Role Introduced In service Total Notes
Cessna AC-208  United States Propeller Reconnaissance / Attack 3[5] Armed with hellfire Missile for Close air support and MX-15 D day/night camera for reconnaissance
Aérospatiale SA341/ SA342 L Gazelle  France Helicopter Scout / Attack 8[6][7] Attack and military support using snebs rockets and some of them are anti-armor using anti tank hot-II.

another 5 airframes that had been put in storage were said to be capable of being refurbished.
Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma/IAR 330  France/ Romania Helicopter Transport / Attack 7 / 4[5] some modified by LAF for attack using Matra 68mm rocket snebs from hawker hunter, and 30mm cannon from gazelle
AW 139  Italy Helicopter VIP 1[6] présidentiel Helicopter "cedar 1"
Bell UH-1H Iroquois  United States Helicopter Utility 24 12[6] some modified to be bomber and were used at naher el bared battle
Huey II  United States Helicopter Utility 9[5] 3 received on 31 March 2016 These additional helicopters are part of an order from 18 Huey II[7]
Cessna 414  United States propeller Utility 1 In April 2015 a Cessna 414 model 173 was donated by Mr. Georges Michel Najjar[8]
Scottish Aviation Bulldog  UK propeller Trainer 3[6] overhauled and returned to service after long storage by 2010 for training mission
Robinson R44  United States Helicopter Trainer 4[5]
Sikorsky S-61N  United States Helicopter Utility / VIP / water bomber 3[5] operated by LAF in behavior of ISF for fire fighting[9]
AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven  United States UAV Reconnaissance 10[10] 12 Donated by the United States. Two crashed
AAI Aerosonde  Australia UAV Reconnaissance 2[11] Aerosonde MK 4.7

Future inventory[edit]

  • In November 2015, the air force placed an order for 6 Embraer Super Tucano turboprops.[12]
  • 15 Huey II still to deliver, from an order for 18 Huey II helicopters (for Lebanon),approved by the US Department of State in September 2014[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Air Force". Lebanese Army. 
  2. ^ Griffin, David J. (2006). Hawker Hunter 1951 to 2007. Lulu.com. p. 336. ISBN 9781430305934. 
  3. ^ Njeim, Colonel Antoine; Rima Dumet (October 2007). القوات الجوية (in Arabic). Lebanese Army. Retrieved 4 April 2009. 
  4. ^ "Lebanese Air Force - Order of Battle". Scramble. Retrieved 2008-11-23. 
  5. ^ a b c d e "World Air Forces 2015 pg. 22". Flightglobal Insight. 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015. 
  6. ^ a b c d "Lebanon - Air Force Equipment". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 12 January 2017. 
  7. ^ a b c "US DOD contracts a further three Huey II helos for lebanon". 16 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2017. 
  8. ^ (in Arabic) http://www.pcm.gov.lb/arabic/subpgoldJo.pcm.gov.lb/j2015/j14/wfm/m1711.htm. Retrieved 16 January 2017.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ "Sikorsky S61 Halat, Lebanon". helihub.com. Retrieved 21 March 2015. 
  10. ^ "Heavy U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon Arrives ahead of Elections". Naharnet Newsdesk. April 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-09. 
  11. ^ http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Mar-28/292478-us-special-forces-operating-recon-drones-in-lebanon.ashx.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ Mustafa, Awad (10 November 2015). "Lebanon Confirms A-29 Super Tucano Purchase". Defense News. Retrieved 31 May 2016. 


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