From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of species and genera that are used as entheogens or are used in an entheogenic concoction (such as ayahuasca ). For ritualistic use they may be classified as hallucinogens . The active principals and historical significance of each is also listed to illustrate the requirements necessary to be categorized as an entheogen.
Common name
Binomial nomenclature for species or genus
Psychoactive constituent(s)
Regions/Cultures of use
African dream root
Silene capensis
Possibly triterpenoid saponins
Xhosa people of South Africa.
Ayahuasca
Banisteriopsis caapi ' 'Psychotria Viridis
Harmala alkaloids
South America ; people of the Amazon Rainforest . UDV of Brazil and United States . Both plants are used in order to create ayahuasca .
Blue lily
Nymphaea caerulea
Nuciferine and aporphine
Possibly ancient Egypt and South America .
Bolivian torch cactus
Echinopsis lageniformis syn. Trichocereus bridgesii
Mescaline
South America
Cannabis
Cannabis spp.
THC and other cannabinoids
Sadhus of India. See also: religious and spiritual use of cannabis .
Chaliponga
Diplopterys cabrerana
DMT , 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru as part of ayahuasca .
Harmal
Peganum harmala
Harmala alkaloids
Turkey and the Middle East .
Hawaiian baby woodrose
Argyreia nervosa
Ergoline alkaloids
Psychoactive, but may not have been used as an entheogen. Native to India. Traditional usage possible but mainly undocumented.
Henbane
Hyoscyamus niger
Tropane alkaloids
Ancient Greece .
Peruvian torch cactus
Echinopsis peruviana syn. Trichocereus peruvianus
Mescaline
Pre-Incan Chavín rituals in Peru .
Iboga
Tabernanthe iboga
Ibogaine
Bwiti religion of West Central Africa . Used by Western nations to treat opioid addiction.
Morning glory
Ipomoea tricolor
Ergoline alkaloids
Aztecs
Morning glory
Ipomoea violacea
Ergoline alkaloids
Mazatec [1]
Jimson weed
Datura stramonium
Tropane alkaloids
Native Americans : Algonquian and Luiseño . Sadhus of India. Táltos of the Magyar (Hungary ).
Mapacho
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotine and harmala alkaloids
South America
Jurema
Mimosa tenuiflora syn. M. hostilis
DMT and harmala alkaloids-Jonathan Ott claims to have taken bark alone and is active
Northeastern Brazil
Peyote
Lophophora williamsii
Mescaline
Oshara Tradition
Chacruna
Psychotria viridis
DMT
UDV of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and the Brazilian church. Santo Daime have used it as part of ayahuasca.
Ska María Pastora
Salvia divinorum
Salvinorin A
Mazatec
San Pedro cactus
Echinopsis pachanoi syn. Trichocereus pachanoi
Mescaline
South America
Christmas vine
Turbina corymbosa syn. Rivea corymbosa
Ergoline alkaloids
Mazatec [1]
Virola
Virola spp.
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
South America
Vilca
Anadenanthera colubrina
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
South America
Yopo
Anadenanthera peregrina
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
South America
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]