Roxindole
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| Formula | C23H26N2O |
| Molar mass | 346.47 g/mol |
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Roxindole (EMD-49,980) is a dopaminergic and serotonergic drug which was originally developed for the treatment of schizophrenia.[1][2][3] In clinical trials its antipsychotic efficacy was only modest but it was unexpectedly found to produce potent and rapid antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.[2][3] As a result, roxindole was further researched for the treatment of depression instead.[1][4][4] It has also been investigated as a therapy for Parkinson's disease and prolactinoma.[5][6]
Roxindole acts as an agonist at the following receptors:[7][8]
- D2 receptor (pKi = 8.55)
- D3 receptor (pKi = 8.93)
- D4 receptor (pKi = 8.23)
- 5-HT1A receptor (pKi = 9.42)
At D2 and possibly D3 receptors roxindole is a partial agonist with preferential actions at autoreceptors and has been touted as a 'selective' autoreceptor agonist, hence the justification of its application as an antipsychotic.[9][10] Weaker activity at the serotonin 1B and 1D receptors has been seen.[11] It is also a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (IC50 = 1.4 nM) and has been reported to act as a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist as well.[8][9][10][12]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Gründer G, Wetzel H, Hammes E, Benkert O (1993). "Roxindole, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist, in the treatment of major depression". Psychopharmacology. 111 (1): 123–6. doi:10.1007/BF02257418. PMID 7870927.
- ^ a b Klimke A, Klieser E (July 1991). "Antipsychotic efficacy of the dopaminergic autoreceptor agonist EMD 49980 (Roxindol). Results of an open clinical study". Pharmacopsychiatry. 24 (4): 107–12. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014451. PMID 1684439.
- ^ a b Kasper S, Fuger J, Zinner HJ, Bäuml J, Möller HJ (March 1992). "Early clinical results with the neuroleptic roxindole (EMD 49,980) in the treatment of schizophrenia--an open study". European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2 (1): 91–5. doi:10.1016/0924-977X(92)90041-6. PMID 1353388.
- ^ a b Maj J, Kolodziejczyk K, Rogóz Z, Skuza G (1996). "Roxindole, a potential antidepressant. I. Effect on the dopamine system". Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 103 (5): 627–41. doi:10.1007/bf01273159. PMID 8811507.
- ^ Bravi D, Davis TL, Mouradian MM, Chase TN (April 1993). "Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the partial dopamine agonist EMD 49980". Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 8 (2): 195–7. doi:10.1002/mds.870080214. PMID 8097280.
- ^ Jaspers C, Benker G, Reinwein D (June 1994). "Treatment of prolactinoma patients with the new non-ergot dopamine agonist roxindol: first results". The Clinical Investigator. 72 (6): 451–6. doi:10.1007/bf00180520. PMID 7950157.
- ^ Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Audinot V, Millan MJ (June 1999). "Actions of roxindole at recombinant human dopamine D2, D3 and D4 and serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 359 (6): 447–53. doi:10.1007/pl00005374. PMID 10431754.
- ^ a b Heinrich T, Böttcher H, Bartoszyk GD, Greiner HE, Seyfried CA, Van Amsterdam C (September 2004). "Indolebutylamines as selective 5-HT(1A) agonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 47 (19): 4677–83. doi:10.1021/jm040792y. PMID 15341483.
- ^ a b Seyfried CA, Greiner HE, Haase AF (January 1989). "Biochemical and functional studies on EMD 49,980: a potent, selectively presynaptic D-2 dopamine agonist with actions on serotonin systems". European Journal of Pharmacology. 160 (1): 31–41. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(89)90651-1. PMID 2565817.
- ^ a b Bartoszyk GD, Harting J, Minck KO (January 1996). "Roxindole: psychopharmacological profile of a dopamine D2 autoreceptor agonist". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 276 (1): 41–8. PMID 8558454.
- ^ Newman-Tancredi, A.; Cussac, D.; Audinot, V.; Millan, M. J. (Jun 1999). "Actions of roxindole at recombinant human dopamine D2, D3 and D4 and serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 359 (6): 447–453. doi:10.1007/pl00005374. ISSN 0028-1298. PMID 10431754.
- ^ Maj J, Kołodziejczyk K, Rogóz Z, Skuza G (March 1997). "Roxindole, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist with a potential antidepressant activity. II. Effects on the 5-hydroxytryptamine system". Pharmacopsychiatry. 30 (2): 55–61. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979483. PMID 9131725.
