Pyrovalerone

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Pyrovalerone
Pyrovalerone.svg
Pyrovalerone3d.png
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number 3563-49-3 N
1147-62-2 (hydrochloride)
PubChem (CID) 14373
ChemSpider 13733 YesY
UNII VOU69C02JP YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL201960 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.230.426
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H23NO
Molar mass 245.36 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Chirality Racemic mixture
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Pyrovalerone (Centroton, 4-Methyl-β-keto-prolintane, Thymergix, O-2371)[1] is a psychoactive drug with stimulant effects via acting as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), and is used for the clinical treatment of chronic fatigue or lethargy[2] and as an anorectic or appetite suppressant for weight loss purposes. It was developed in the late 1960s and has since been used in France and several other European countries, and although pyrovalerone is still occasionally prescribed, it is used infrequently due to problems with abuse and dependence.[3] It is closely related on a structural level to a number of other stimulants, such as MDPV and prolintane (Promotil, Katovit).

Side effects of pyrovalerone include anorexia or loss of appetite, anxiety, fragmented sleep or insomnia, and trembling, shaking, or muscle tremors. Withdrawal following abuse upon discontinuation often results in depression.

The R-enantiomer of pyrovalerone is devoid of activity.[4]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ US Patent 3314970
  2. ^ Gardos, G.; Cole, J. O. (1971). "Evaluation of pyrovalerone in chronically fatigued volunteers". Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. 13 (10): 631–635. PMID 4402508. 
  3. ^ Deniker, P.; Lôo, H.; Cuche, H.; Roux, J. M. (1975). "Abuse of pyrovalerone by drug addicts". Annales médico-psychologiques. 2 (4): 745–748. PMID 9895. 
  4. ^ Meltzer, P. C.; Butler, D.; Deschamps, J. R.; Madras, B. K. (2006). "1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogs. A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420–1432. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954Freely accessible. PMID 16480278.