Lundbeck

H. Lundbeck A/S

Type	Publicly traded Aktieselskab
Traded as	Nasdaq Copenhagen: LUN
Industry	Pharmaceuticals
Founded	1915
Headquarters	Copenhagen, Denmark
Key people	Håkan Björklund (Chairman), Kåre Schultz (CEO - May 2015 - present)
Revenue	DKK 15.2 billion (2013)
Operating income	DKK 1.6 billion (2013)
Profit	DKK 855 million (2013)
Total assets	DKK 23.7 billion (end 2013)
Total equity	DKK 13.5 billion (end 2013)
Number of employees	5,530 (average, 2013)
Website	lundbeck.com

H. Lundbeck A/S (commonly known simply as Lundbeck) is a Danish international pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development, production, marketing, and sale of drugs for the treatment of disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and insomnia.

Headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, Lundbeck has international production facilities in Denmark, Italy and France and affiliates or sales offices in 57 countries. Lundbeck employs around 5.500 people globally (as of 2013), and the company’s products are registered in more than 100 countries worldwide.

In 2013, the company's revenue was DKK 15.2 billion (€2.04 billion).

Lundbeck is listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange (CSE).

Lundbeck is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) and of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA)

History

The company was founded by Hans Lundbeck in 1915, and was initially a trading company supplying a variety of goods to the Danish market, including machinery for manufacturing, aluminium foil, artificial sweeteners, and photographic equipment.

Lundbeck entered the pharmaceutical market in 1924, importing medicines and cosmetics from companies based in other European and American countries. By the late 1930s, Lundbeck had begun to produce its own medicinal products and had established its own research department. Production continued during the Second World War, although it was limited due to a lack of raw materials.

After the war, Lundbeck continued to grow and in 1957 the company introduced Truxal (chlorprothixene) for the treatment of schizophrenia, entering the market for brain disorders. In 1954, the Lundbeck Foundation was established to maintain and expand the activities of Lundbeck Group and also to provide funding for scientific research of the highest quality. From the late 1970s and up through the 1980s, Lundbeck diverted its old agency business and thus became a dedicated pharmaceutical company focusing on the production of drugs used to treat disorders and diseases of the central nervous system. In 1989, Lundbeck launched the antidepressant Celexa (citalopram), which became the cornerstone for the company’s international expansion and in 2009 Lundbeck, bought Ovation and established a commercial platform in the USA.

In 2012, to focus on newer, strategic CNS-products, Lundbeck sold a portfolio of non-core products to Recordati S.p.A. (Recordati Rare Diseases). In 2014 Lundbeck acquired Chelsea Therapeutics for up to $658 million.

Key products

Key products are the serotonin modulator and stimulator Trintellix/Brintellix, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Lexapro (escitalopram), and antidementia agent Ebixa (memantine).

Lundbeck manufactures drugs as:

Brand name	INN	Drug class	Indication(s)	Notes
Abilify Maintena	Aripiprazole	Atypical antipsychotic	Maintenance treatment of schizophrenia	Co-marketed with Otsuka
Azilect	Rasagiline	MAOB inhibitor	Parkinson's disease	In some countries co-marketed with Teva
Brintellix, Trintellix	Vortioxetine	SRI multimodal antidepressant (described as "serotonin modulator and stimulator")	Major depressive disorder	Co-marketed in the USA with Takeda, who also has rights to Japan
Cipramil, Celexa, Seropram	Citalopram	SSRI	Major depressive disorder Anxiety disorders
Cipralex, Lexapro	Escitalopram	SSRI	Major depressive disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)	(S)-enantiomer of citalopram
Clopixol, Cisordinol	Zuclopenthixol	High-potency typical antipsychotic (of thioxanthene class)	Psychoses, including schizophrenia	Cis-isomer of clopenthixol (a predecessor drug)
Deanxit	Flupentixol/melitracen	Typical antipsychotic / Tricyclic antidepressant	Moderate-to-severe depression associated with anxiety and/or agitation
Ebixa, Ebix	Memantine	NMDA receptor antagonist	Alzheimer's disease
Fluanxol	Flupentixol	High-potency thioxanthene typical antipsychotic	Psychoses, including schizophrenia
Modiodal	Modafinil	Eugeroic (wakefulness-promoting agent)	Narcolepsy Shift work sleep disorder Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea
Nortrilen, Sensoval	Nortriptyline	Tricyclic antidepressant	Depression Nocturnal enuresis	Active metabolite of amitriptyline
Onfi	Clobazam	Benzodiazepine anticonvulsant and anxiolytic	Seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome	Outside the US, approved for anxiety and treatment-resistant epilepsy (under the brand name Frisium)
Rexulti	Brexpiprazole	Atypical antipsychotic (the so-called “serotonin-dopamine activity modulator”)	Schizophrenia Major depressive disorder (as an adjunctive treatment)	Marketed in partnership with Otsuka
Sabril	Vigabatrin	Anticonvulsant (GABA transaminase inhibitor)	Treatment-resistant epilepsy (complex partial seizures and West syndrome)	Use is restricted to resistant and refractory epilepsy due to the risk of irreversible vision loss
Saphris, Sycrest	Asenapine	Atypical antipsychotic	Psychoses, including schizophrenia Acute and maintenance treatment of Bipolar I disorder	In some countries (like Philippines, Latvia and Russian Federation) marketed by or co-marketed with Merck & Co. (Merck Sharp & Dohme)
Saroten, Sarotex, Redomex	Amitriptyline	Tricyclic antidepressant	Depression (both unipolar and bipolar) Anxiety disorders Eating disorders Migraine prophylaxis Insomnia, etc.
Selincro	Nalmefene	Opioid receptor antagonist	Reduction of alcohol consumption in alcohol dependence (in combination with psychosocial support)	Only be used in patients with high drinking risk (at initial assessment and 2 weeks later), in those who do not have physical withdrawal symptoms or require immediate detoxification
Serdolect, Serlect	Sertindole	Atypical antipsychotic	Psychoses, including schizophrenia
Treanda	Bendamustine	Nitrogen mustard alkylating agent	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	Co-marketed with Teva
Truxal	Chlorprothixene	Thioxanthene typical antipsychotic	Psychosis, including schizophrenia	In some other countries approved for menopausal depression, insomnia and resistant nausea/vomiting
Xenazine, Nitoman	Tetrabenazine	VMAT2 inhibitor	Chorea associated with Huntington's disease Tic disorders Tardive dyskinesia

Products under development

• Intravenous formulation of carbamazepine for epilepsy
• Idalopirdine (Lu AE58054 — a 5-HT₆ antagonist) for Alzheimer's disease
• Brexpiprazole for schizophrenia, adjunct ADD and Alzheimer's disease
• Aripiprazole for Bipolar I disorder
• Vortioxetine for adult ADHD

Lundbeck homepage pipeline

Controversy

Lundbeck formerly held the only license to manufacture pentobarbital (Nembutal) in the United States. The drug is commonly used for execution by lethal injection in the United States (either as part of a three drug cocktail or by itself). After coming under criticism for not adding an ‘end user’ agreement to prevent importers from selling Nembutal^® to American prisons for use in executions, Lundbeck announced that it would not sell Nembutal to prisons in U.S. states that carry out executions. By introducing a new distribution system, Nembutal will be supplied exclusively through a specialty pharmacy drop ship program that will deny distribution of the product to prisons in U.S. states currently active in carrying out the death penalty by lethal injection. In December 2011 Lundbeck divested a portfolio of products including Nembutal to US pharmaceutical company Akorn Inc. As part of the agreement, Akorn committed to continue with Lundbeck's restricted distribution program for Nembutal, which was implemented to restrict the use of the product in the US.

2013 fine

On June 19, 2013, the European Commission imposed a fine of €93.8 million on Lundbeck and fined several producers of generic pharmaceuticals a total of €52.2 million after Lundbeck made agreements in 2002 with the other companies to delay less expensive generics of Lundbeck's citalopram from entering the market. In return for the ability to maintain a monopoly on the drug's manufacture, Lundbeck offered payments and other kickbacks.

See also

• Tarenflurbil, which the company had arranged for EU distribution rights on prior to termination of its development by Myriad.

External links

• Official website
• The Lundbeck Institute