Indie

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Republic o Indie
Bharat Ganrajya
Horizontal tricolour flag bearin, frae tap tae bottom, deep saffron, white, an green horizontal bands. In the centre o the white band is a navy-blue wheel wi 24 spokes. Three lions facin left, richt, an toward viewer, atap a frieze containin a gallopin horse, a 24-spoke wheel, andan elephant. Unnerneath is a motto: "सत्यमेव जयते".
Banner Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: Jana Gana Mana
"Thou Art the Ruler o the Minds o Aw People"[2][3]
Naitional sang:
Vande Mataram
"I Bow tae Thee, Mither"[lower-alpha 1][1][3]
Image o a globe centred on Indie, wi Indie heichlichtit.
Aurie controlled bi Indie shawn in dark green;
claimed but uncontrolled regions shawn in licht green.
Caipital New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083
Lairgest ceety Mumbai
Offeecial leids
Recognised regional leids
Naitional leid None
Demonym Indian
Govrenment Federal pairlamentary
constitutional republic[1]
 •  Preses Pranab Mukherjee
 •  Vice Preses Mohammad Hamid Ansari
 •  Prime Meenister Narendra Modi (BJP)
Legislature Pairlament o Indie
 •  Upper hoose Rajya Sabha
 •  Lawer hoose Lok Sabha
Unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick
 •  Dominion 15 August 1947 
 •  Republic 26 Januar 1950 
Aurie
 •  Tot 3,287,590[6] km2[lower-alpha 2] (7t)
1,269,346 sq mi
 •  Watter (%) 9.6
Population
 •  2011 census 1,210,193,422[7] (2nt)
 •  Density 390.7/km2 (31st)
1,012/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate
 •  Tot $5.302 trillion[8] (3rd)
 •  Per capita $4,209[8] (133rd)
GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate
 •  Total $1.842 trillion[8] (10t)
 •  Per capita $1,389[8] (148t)
Gini (2010) 33.9[9]
medium · 79t
HDI (2012) Increase 0.554[10][11]
medium · 136t (medium)
Siller Indian rupee (₹) (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
 •  Simmer (DST) nae observed (UTC+05:30)
Date format dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Drives on the left
Cawin code +91
Internet TLD .in

India (Listeni/ˈɪndiə/), offeecially the Republic o Indie (Bharat Ganrajya), is a kintra in Sooth Asie. It is the seivent-lairgest kintra bi geographical aurie, the seicont-maist populous kintra wi ower 1.2 billion fowk, an the maist populous democracy in the warld. Mainland Indie is boondit bi the Indian Ocean on the sooth, the Arabie Sea on the wast, an the Bay o Bengal on the east; an it is bordered bi Pakistan tae the wast;[note] Bhutan, the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae an Nepal tae the north; an Bangladesh an Burma tae the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland Indie an the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity o Sri Lanka an the Maldives, while Indie's Andaman an Nicobar Islands share maritime border wi Thailand an the Indonesian island o Sumatra in the Andaman Sea.[12] Indie haes a coastline o 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi).[13]

Hame tae the auncient Indus Valley Ceevilisation an a region o historic trade routes an vast empires, the Indian subcontinent wis identified wi its commercial an cultural wealth for muckle o its lang history.[14] Fower o the warld's major releegions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism an Sikhism—oreeginatit here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity an Islam arrived in the first millennium CE an shapit the region's diverse cultur. Gradually annexed bi the Breetish East India Company frae the early 18t century an colonised bi the Unitit Kinrick frae the mid-19t century, Indie became an independent naition in 1947 efter a struggle for unthirldom which wis merked bi a non-violent resistance led bi Mahatma Gandhi.

Indie is a federal constitutional republic wi a parliamentary democracy consistin o 28 states an seiven union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual an multiethnic society whaur mair nor 300[15] leids are spoken, Indie is an aa hame tae a diversity f wildlife in a variety o pertected habitats. The Indian economy is the warld's eleivent lairgest economy bi nominal GDP an the fowert lairgest bi purchasin pouer parity. Syne the introduction of mercatt-based economic reforms in 1991, Indie haes acome ane o the fastest growin major economies in the warld;[16] housomeivver, the kintra continues tae face several poverty, illiteracy, corruption an public heal relatit challenges. Indie is clessifee'd as a newly industrialised kintra an is ane o the fower BRIC naitions.[17][18] It is the warld's saxt de facto recognised nuclear weapons state an haes the third-lairgest staundin airmed force in the warld, while its military expenditure ranks tent in the warld.[19] Indie is a regional pouer in Sooth Asie.[20]

It is a foondin member o the Unitit Naitions, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Warld Trade Organization, the Sooth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the East Asie Summit, the G20 an the G8+5; a member o the Commonweel o Naitions; an an observer state in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Etymologie[eedit | eedit soorce]

Main article: Names o Indie

The name Indie is derivit frae Indus, which is derivit frae the Auld Persian wird Hindu, frae Sanskrit सिन्धु Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River.[21] The auncient Greeks referred tae the Indians as Indoi (Ινδοί), the fowk o the Indus.[22] The Constitution o Indie an common uisage in various Indian leids an aa recognise Bharat (pronoonced [ˈbʱaːrət̪] ( listen)) as an offeecial name o equal status.[23] The name Bharat is derivit frae the name o the legendary keeng Bharata in Hindu scriptures. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), oreeginally a Persian wird for “Land o the Hindus” referrin tae northren Indie, is an aa occasionally uised as a synonym for aw o Indie.[24]

Notes[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it." (Constituent Assembly of India 1950).
  2. ↑ "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 km2 (1,269,220 sq mi) and the total land area as 3,060,500 km2 (1,181,700 sq mi); the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) and total land area as 2,973,190 km2 (1,147,960 sq mi)." (Library of Congress 2004).

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 National Informatics Centre 2005.
  2. ↑ Wolpert 2003, p. 1.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "National Symbols | National Portal of India". India.gov.in. Retrieved 6 July 2013. 
  4. ↑ "Profile | National Portal of India". India.gov.in. Retrieved 23 August 2013. 
  5. ↑ "Eighth Schedule" (PDF). Retrieved 1 July 2013. 
  6. ↑ Profile | National Portal of India
  7. ↑ Meenistry o Home Affairs 2011.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund. 27 October 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2014. 
  9. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 March 2011. 
  10. ↑ United Nations 2012.
  11. ↑ Human Development Reports
  12. ↑ "Andaman & Nicobar Command – Indian Navy". Indiannavy.gov.in. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  13. ↑ Kumar, V. Sanil; K. C. Pathak, P. Pednekar, N. S. N. Raju (2006). "Coastal processes along the Indian coastline" (PDF). Current Science 91 (4): 530–536.  Cite uises deprecatit parameter |coauthors= (help)
  14. ↑ Oldenburg, Phillip. 2007. "India: History[deid airtin]," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. Archived 1 November 2009.
  15. ↑ "Ethnologue report for India". Retrieved 20 अगस्त, 2008.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  16. ↑ "India is the second fastest growing economy". Economic Research Service (ERS). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 5 August 2007. 
  17. ↑ "UNIDO releases latest International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics". Ministry of Commerce of China. 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2010.  Unkent parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Mauro F. Guillén (2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor". The Limits of Convergence. Princeton University Press. pp. 126 (Table 5.1). ISBN 0-69-111633-4. 
  19. ↑ "Indian Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 24)" (PDF). 25 July 2006. 
  20. ↑ Perkovich, George. "Is India a Major Power?" (PDF). The Washington Quarterly (27.1 Winter 2003–04). Retrieved 2007-12-13. 
  21. ↑ "India", Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.
  22. ↑ Basham, A. L. (2000). The Wonder That Was India. South Asia Books. ISBN 0283992573. 
  23. ↑ "Official name o the Union". Courts Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech. Retrieved 8 August 2007. Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. 
  24. ↑ "Hindustan". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2007. 

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