- published: 05 Nov 2016
- views: 14132
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The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. In this video, I discuss the molecular mechanism driving the biological clocks in the cells of the mammalian SCN, and how a cycle of gene expression allows the activity of these cells to follow a 24-hour pattern.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
The suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN, are two small, paired nuclei found in the hypothalamus; they are involved in maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks.
The following is a simplified description of the molecular mechanism of the biological clocks in the mammalian SCN. Cells in the SCN produce two proteins called Clock and BMAL1. Clock and BMAL1 bind together and promote the expression of genes called period, or per, and cryptochrome, or cry. The protein products of these genes, Per and Cry, then bind together and inhibit the actions of Clock and BMAL1, which in turn suppresses the production of Per and Cry. Gradually, however, the Per and Cry proteins break down. When Per and Cry degrade fully, Clock and BMAL1 are free to act again; they go back to promoting the expression of per and cry, starting the cycle anew. The process consistently takes around 24 hours to complete before it repeats. It is thought that this cycle of gene expression is what acts as the molecular clock in SCN cells, although the process is actually more complex as there are multiple period and cryptochrome genes as well as other proteins involved in the complete mechanism.
The SCN can use information it receives from the retina about light in the environment to make adjustments to the circadian clock. Such information travels from the retina to the SCN along a path called the retinohypothalamic tract.
References:
Colwell, C. (2011). Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12 (10), 553-569 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3086
Dibner, C., Schibler, U., Albrecht, U. (2010). The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks Annual review of physiology, 72 (1), 517-549.
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate different processes in our bodies.
----------
Our President of Space for this episode:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Kurzgesagt
----------
Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow
Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com
Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419318
http://www.livescience.com/13123-circadian-rhythms-obesity-diabetes-nih.html
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock
http://www.aasmnet.org/resources/factsheets/crsd.pdf
http://www.helpguide.org/harvard/sleep_cycles_body_clock.htm
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1991/9108/910805.PDF
http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/circadian-rhythms-control-bodys-response-to-intestinal-infections-uci-led-study-finds/
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/03/gaining-control-of-our-circadian-rhythms.html
http://news.yale.edu/2013/06/17/rhythm-everything
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578018294057070544
- published: 10 Jan 2014
- views: 531217
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
- published: 01 Nov 2015
- views: 2680
Lecture Overview:
Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes controlling circadian clocks were first identified in Drosophila and the cloning tour de force that was required to identify clock genes in mice. He also describes the experiments that resulted in the realization that all cells in the body have a circadian clock, not just cells in the brain.
In part 1B, Takahashi explains that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain generates a circadian rhythm of fluctuating body temperature that, in turn, signals to peripheral tissues. Heat shock factor 1 is one of the signaling molecules responsible for communicating the temperature information and resetting peripheral clocks.
In Part 2, Takahashi describes how crossing many mice of different genetic backgrounds allowed his lab to identify several genes that impact the output of the clock gene system through different mechanisms.
Takahashi begins the last part of his presentation with the crystal structures of BMAL and Clock, the two central activators of clock gene transcription. He goes on to describe how his lab showed that BMAL/Clock controls the DNA binding activity of transcriptional regulators of not only cycling genes, but also of basic cell functions such as RNA polymerase 2 occupancy and histone modification.
Speaker Bio:
Joseph Takahashi received his BA in biology from Swarthmore College, his PhD in neuroscience from the University of Oregon, and he was a post-doctoral fellow with Martin Zatz at the National Institutes of Mental Health. He then spent 26 years at Northwestern University where he was a faculty member in the Department of Neurobiology and Physiology and in 1997 he became an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2008, Takahashi joined the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center as the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience.
Using forward genetic screens in mice, Takahashi identified the first mammalian circadian gene "Clock" in 1997. Since then, his lab has gone on to identify and clone numerous circadian genes in both the brain and tissues throughout the body. Takahashi has received numerous awards and honors for his ground-breaking research including election to the National Academy of Sciences.
- published: 24 Mar 2014
- views: 13972
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN transplants with Tau mutant hamsters, which demonstrated the role of the SCN as the central mammalian pacemaker.
- published: 31 Aug 2017
- views: 154
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland secretes melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle, with secretion being highest in the middle of the night and lowest during daylight hours. In this video, I discuss the pineal gland and melatonin secretion, including 24-hour patterns of melatonin secretion and how the pineal gland uses signals from the retina about how much light is in the environment to determine what the time of day is.
**CORRECTION** On the chart that appears at :34, the last time on the x-axis should be 12 PM, not AM.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the pineal gland.
The pineal gland was given its name because it has a pine-cone like shape. Unliked most brain structures, the pineal gland is unpaired, meaning there is only one. It sits directly on the midline of the brain. The function most linked to the pineal gland is the secretion of a hormone called melatonin, which is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms.
The pineal gland is made up of secretory cells called pinealocytes, which secrete melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle. Secretion is highest in the middle of the night. It begins to decrease as it gets closer to dawn and is lowest during daylight hours.
This schedule of melatonin secretion is regulated by signals from the retina about light in the environment, which travel to a nucleus in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus and then via an indirect route to the pineal gland. The main function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is to control circadian rhythms, and in addition to sending information about ambient lighting to the pineal gland, the suprachiasmatic nucleus also uses levels of melatonin as a signal to provide information about the time of day.
Because melatonin levels are highest during the hours of darkness, melatonin activity can be used as a signal that circadian rhythms should be in their nocturnal stage. If melatonin levels are high and someone is still wide awake, it is an indication circadian rhythms are not in sync. This might happen, for example, after flying across several time zones. In this case, melatonin is used by the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a signal to get circadian rhythms back on track.
Due to its close association with nighttime and circadian rhythms, melatonin has also been investigated as playing a role in promoting sleep, but the true relationship between melatonin and sleep is still unclear.
References:
Dora Sapède,, & Elise Cau (2013). The Pineal Gland from Development to Function Current Topics in Developmental Biology DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416021-7.00005-5
- published: 22 Jan 2017
- views: 53288
http://www.sleepsextraining.com
How to Sleep better at night.
Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to the SCN. From the SCN to the Pineal gland to excrete Melatonin.
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 29332
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties," from the Annual Review of Physiology: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919
A movie of circadian rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence recorded from mouse SCN neurons in dispersed culture over a period of two weeks, showing that the cells oscillate independently. Bioluminescence intensity of one cell highlighted near the center of the image is plotted below.
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 948
developed with YouTube
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a tiny region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for controlling circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body functions in a 24-hour cycle, using around 20,000 neurons.
The SCN interacts with many other regions of the brain. It contains several cell types and several different peptides (including vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide) and neurotransmitters.
Location
The SCN is situated in the anterior part of the hypothalamus immediately dorsal, or superior (hence supra) to the optic chiasm (CHO) bilateral to (on either side of) the third ventricle.
Circadian effects
Organisms in every kingdom of life—bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals—show genetically-based 24-hour rhythms. Although all of these clocks appear to be based on a similar type of genetic feedback loop, the specific genes involved are thought to have evolved independently in each kingdom. Many aspects of mammalian behavior and physiology show circadian rhythmicity, including sleep, physical activity, alertness, hormone levels, body temperature, immune function, and digestive activity. The SCN coordinates these rhythms across the entire body, and rhythmicity is lost if the SCN is destroyed. For example, total time of sleep is maintained in rats with SCN damage, but the length and timing of sleep episodes becomes erratic. The SCN maintains control across the body by synchronizing "slave oscillators," which exhibit their own near-24-hour rhythms and control circadian phenomena in local tissue.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Suprachiasmatic_nucleus
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm /sɜːrˈkeɪdiən/ is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours. These 24-hour rhythms are driven by a circadian clock, and they have been widely observed in plants, animals, fungi, and cyanobacteria.
The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning "around" (or "approximately"), and diēm, meaning "day". The formal study of biological temporal rhythms, such as daily, tidal, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology.
Although circadian rhythms are endogenous ("built-in", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers (from German, "time giver"), which include light, temperature and redox cycles.
History
The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points According to the Diurnal Cycle, the Day of the Month and the Season of the Year.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Circadian_rhythm
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
SCN
SCN may stand for:
Science and technology
Communications
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/SCN
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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1:592-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. In this video, I discuss the molecular mechanism driving the biological clocks in the cells of the mammalian SCN, and how a cycle of gene expression allows the activity of these cells to follow a 24-hour pattern. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN, are two small, paired nuclei found in the hypothalamus; they are involved in maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. The following is a simplified description of the molecular mechanism of the biological clocks in the mammalian SCN. Cells in the SCN produce two proteins called Clock and BMAL1. Clock and BMAL1 bind together and promote the expression of genes called period, or per, and cryptochrome, or cry. The protein products of these genes, Per and Cry, then bind together and inhibit the actions of Clock and BMAL1, which in turn suppresses the production of Per and Cry. Gradually, however, the Per and Cry proteins break down. When Per and Cry degrade fully, Clock and BMAL1 are free to act again; they go back to promoting the expression of per and cry, starting the cycle anew. The process consistently takes around 24 hours to complete before it repeats. It is thought that this cycle of gene expression is what acts as the molecular clock in SCN cells, although the process is actually more complex as there are multiple period and cryptochrome genes as well as other proteins involved in the complete mechanism. The SCN can use information it receives from the retina about light in the environment to make adjustments to the circadian clock. Such information travels from the retina to the SCN along a path called the retinohypothalamic tract. References: Colwell, C. (2011). Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12 (10), 553-569 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3086 Dibner, C., Schibler, U., Albrecht, U. (2010). The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks Annual review of physiology, 72 (1), 517-549. -
4:10Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's ClockCircadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate different processes in our bodies. ---------- Our President of Space for this episode: http://www.youtube.com/user/Kurzgesagt ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419318 http://www.livescience.com/13123-circadian-rhythms-obesity-diabetes-nih.html http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock http://www.aasmnet.org/resources/factsheets/crsd.pdf http://www.helpguide.org/harvard/sleep_cycles_body_clock.htm http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1991/9108/910805.PDF http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/circadian-rhythms-control-bodys-response-to-intestinal-infections-uci-led-study-finds/ http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/03/gaining-control-of-our-circadian-rhythms.html http://news.yale.edu/2013/06/17/rhythm-everything http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578018294057070544 -
1:42Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Human Suprachiasmatic NucleusHuman Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
-
6:11Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus
-
5:32Circadian Rhythm
Circadian Rhythm -
1:57Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus
NEI promo -
33:18Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and CircuitsJoseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
Lecture Overview: Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes controlling circadian clocks were first identified in Drosophila and the cloning tour de force that was required to identify clock genes in mice. He also describes the experiments that resulted in the realization that all cells in the body have a circadian clock, not just cells in the brain. In part 1B, Takahashi explains that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain generates a circadian rhythm of fluctuating body temperature that, in turn, signals to peripheral tissues. Heat shock factor 1 is one of the signaling molecules responsible for communicating the temperature information and resetting peripheral clocks. In Part 2, Takahashi describes how crossing many mice of different genetic backgrounds allowed his lab to identify several genes that impact the output of the clock gene system through different mechanisms. Takahashi begins the last part of his presentation with the crystal structures of BMAL and Clock, the two central activators of clock gene transcription. He goes on to describe how his lab showed that BMAL/Clock controls the DNA binding activity of transcriptional regulators of not only cycling genes, but also of basic cell functions such as RNA polymerase 2 occupancy and histone modification. Speaker Bio: Joseph Takahashi received his BA in biology from Swarthmore College, his PhD in neuroscience from the University of Oregon, and he was a post-doctoral fellow with Martin Zatz at the National Institutes of Mental Health. He then spent 26 years at Northwestern University where he was a faculty member in the Department of Neurobiology and Physiology and in 1997 he became an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2008, Takahashi joined the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center as the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience. Using forward genetic screens in mice, Takahashi identified the first mammalian circadian gene "Clock" in 1997. Since then, his lab has gone on to identify and clone numerous circadian genes in both the brain and tissues throughout the body. Takahashi has received numerous awards and honors for his ground-breaking research including election to the National Academy of Sciences. -
12:34The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments ReviewThe Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN transplants with Tau mutant hamsters, which demonstrated the role of the SCN as the central mammalian pacemaker. -
0:35Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus
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1:592-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland secretes melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle, with secretion being highest in the middle of the night and lowest during daylight hours. In this video, I discuss the pineal gland and melatonin secretion, including 24-hour patterns of melatonin secretion and how the pineal gland uses signals from the retina about how much light is in the environment to determine what the time of day is. **CORRECTION** On the chart that appears at :34, the last time on the x-axis should be 12 PM, not AM. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the pineal gland. The pineal gland was given its name because it has a pine-cone like shape. Unliked most brain structures, the pineal gland is unpaired, meaning there is only one. It sits directly on the midline of the brain. The function most linked to the pineal gland is the secretion of a hormone called melatonin, which is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland is made up of secretory cells called pinealocytes, which secrete melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle. Secretion is highest in the middle of the night. It begins to decrease as it gets closer to dawn and is lowest during daylight hours. This schedule of melatonin secretion is regulated by signals from the retina about light in the environment, which travel to a nucleus in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus and then via an indirect route to the pineal gland. The main function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is to control circadian rhythms, and in addition to sending information about ambient lighting to the pineal gland, the suprachiasmatic nucleus also uses levels of melatonin as a signal to provide information about the time of day. Because melatonin levels are highest during the hours of darkness, melatonin activity can be used as a signal that circadian rhythms should be in their nocturnal stage. If melatonin levels are high and someone is still wide awake, it is an indication circadian rhythms are not in sync. This might happen, for example, after flying across several time zones. In this case, melatonin is used by the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a signal to get circadian rhythms back on track. Due to its close association with nighttime and circadian rhythms, melatonin has also been investigated as playing a role in promoting sleep, but the true relationship between melatonin and sleep is still unclear. References: Dora Sapède,, & Elise Cau (2013). The Pineal Gland from Development to Function Current Topics in Developmental Biology DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416021-7.00005-5 -
2:02How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian RhythmHow to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
http://www.sleepsextraining.com How to Sleep better at night. Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to the SCN. From the SCN to the Pineal gland to excrete Melatonin. -
0:12Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties," from the Annual Review of Physiology: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919 A movie of circadian rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence recorded from mouse SCN neurons in dispersed culture over a period of two weeks, showing that the cells oscillate independently. Bioluminescence intensity of one cell highlighted near the center of the image is plotted below. -
2:51SCN song
SCN song -
3:42Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official VideoZeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soon from Art As Catharsis Records... You can pre-order here for a measly $1 (or donate more if you like!): https://artascatharsis.bandcamp.com/album/heteronomy "Zeitgeber's Heteronomy is an exploration of psychedelic, ambient, world and electronic music. You’ll hear hints of Balkan and African rhythms, washes of reverb-soaked textures, and instrumentation as eclectic as ‘caisa’ handpan, clarinet, didgeridoo, ‘sansula’ thumb piano, melodica, guitar and viola. "
-
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. In this video, I discuss the molecular mechanism driving the biological clocks in the cells of the mammalian SCN, and how a cycle of gene expression allows the activity of these cells to follow a 24-hour pattern. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN, are two small, paired nuclei found in the hypothalamus; they are involved in maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-h...
published: 05 Nov 2016 -
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate different processes in our bodies. ---------- Our President of Space for this episode: http://www.youtube.com/user/Kurzgesagt ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank...
published: 10 Jan 2014 -
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 28 Sep 2009 -
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 22 Jan 2012 -
Circadian Rhythm
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
published: 01 Nov 2015 -
-
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
Lecture Overview: Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes controlling circadian clocks were first identified in Drosophila and the cloning tour de force that was required to identify clock genes in mice. He also describes the experiments that resulted in the realization that all cells in the body have a circadian clock, not just cells in the brain. In part 1B, Takahashi explains that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain generates a circadian rhythm of fluctuating body temperature that, in turn, signals to peripheral tissues. Heat shock factor 1 is one of the signaling molecules responsible for communicating the temperature information and resetting peripheral clocks. In Part ...
published: 24 Mar 2014 -
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN transplants with Tau mutant hamsters, which demonstrated the role of the SCN as the central mammalian pacemaker.
published: 31 Aug 2017 -
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 30 Jan 2012 -
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland secretes melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle, with secretion being highest in the middle of the night and lowest during daylight hours. In this video, I discuss the pineal gland and melatonin secretion, including 24-hour patterns of melatonin secretion and how the pineal gland uses signals from the retina about how much light is in the environment to determine what the time of day is. **CORRECTION** On the chart that appears at :34, the last time on the x-axis should be 12 PM, not AM. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neurosc...
published: 22 Jan 2017 -
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
http://www.sleepsextraining.com How to Sleep better at night. Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to the SCN. From the SCN to the Pineal gland to excrete Melatonin.
published: 10 Oct 2012 -
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties," from the Annual Review of Physiology: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919 A movie of circadian rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence recorded from mouse SCN neurons in dispersed culture over a period of two weeks, showing that the cells oscillate independently. Bioluminescence intensity of one cell highlighted near the center of the image is plotted below.
published: 17 May 2012 -
SCN song
Catherine Cox's live performance at the Science ShowOff in London, Nov 2012
published: 03 Nov 2011 -
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soon from Art As Catharsis Records... You can pre-order here for a measly $1 (or donate more if you like!): https://artascatharsis.bandcamp.com/album/heteronomy "Zeitgeber's Heteronomy is an exploration of psychedelic, ambient, world and electronic music. You’ll hear hints of Balkan and African rhythms, washes of reverb-soaked textures, and instrumentation as eclectic as ‘caisa’ handpan, clarinet, didgeridoo, ‘sansula’ thumb piano, melodica, guitar and viola. "
published: 06 Mar 2017
developed with YouTube
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 05 Nov 2016
- views: 14132
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplis...
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. In this video, I discuss the molecular mechanism driving the biological clocks in the cells of the mammalian SCN, and how a cycle of gene expression allows the activity of these cells to follow a 24-hour pattern.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
The suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN, are two small, paired nuclei found in the hypothalamus; they are involved in maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks.
The following is a simplified description of the molecular mechanism of the biological clocks in the mammalian SCN. Cells in the SCN produce two proteins called Clock and BMAL1. Clock and BMAL1 bind together and promote the expression of genes called period, or per, and cryptochrome, or cry. The protein products of these genes, Per and Cry, then bind together and inhibit the actions of Clock and BMAL1, which in turn suppresses the production of Per and Cry. Gradually, however, the Per and Cry proteins break down. When Per and Cry degrade fully, Clock and BMAL1 are free to act again; they go back to promoting the expression of per and cry, starting the cycle anew. The process consistently takes around 24 hours to complete before it repeats. It is thought that this cycle of gene expression is what acts as the molecular clock in SCN cells, although the process is actually more complex as there are multiple period and cryptochrome genes as well as other proteins involved in the complete mechanism.
The SCN can use information it receives from the retina about light in the environment to make adjustments to the circadian clock. Such information travels from the retina to the SCN along a path called the retinohypothalamic tract.
References:
Colwell, C. (2011). Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12 (10), 553-569 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3086
Dibner, C., Schibler, U., Albrecht, U. (2010). The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks Annual review of physiology, 72 (1), 517-549.
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks. In this video, I discuss the molecular mechanism driving the biological clocks in the cells of the mammalian SCN, and how a cycle of gene expression allows the activity of these cells to follow a 24-hour pattern.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
The suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN, are two small, paired nuclei found in the hypothalamus; they are involved in maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain biological clocks.
The following is a simplified description of the molecular mechanism of the biological clocks in the mammalian SCN. Cells in the SCN produce two proteins called Clock and BMAL1. Clock and BMAL1 bind together and promote the expression of genes called period, or per, and cryptochrome, or cry. The protein products of these genes, Per and Cry, then bind together and inhibit the actions of Clock and BMAL1, which in turn suppresses the production of Per and Cry. Gradually, however, the Per and Cry proteins break down. When Per and Cry degrade fully, Clock and BMAL1 are free to act again; they go back to promoting the expression of per and cry, starting the cycle anew. The process consistently takes around 24 hours to complete before it repeats. It is thought that this cycle of gene expression is what acts as the molecular clock in SCN cells, although the process is actually more complex as there are multiple period and cryptochrome genes as well as other proteins involved in the complete mechanism.
The SCN can use information it receives from the retina about light in the environment to make adjustments to the circadian clock. Such information travels from the retina to the SCN along a path called the retinohypothalamic tract.
References:
Colwell, C. (2011). Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12 (10), 553-569 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3086
Dibner, C., Schibler, U., Albrecht, U. (2010). The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks Annual review of physiology, 72 (1), 517-549.
- published: 05 Nov 2016
- views: 14132
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 10 Jan 2014
- views: 531217
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate differen...
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate different processes in our bodies.
----------
Our President of Space for this episode:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Kurzgesagt
----------
Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow
Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow
----------
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Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com
Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419318
http://www.livescience.com/13123-circadian-rhythms-obesity-diabetes-nih.html
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock
http://www.aasmnet.org/resources/factsheets/crsd.pdf
http://www.helpguide.org/harvard/sleep_cycles_body_clock.htm
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1991/9108/910805.PDF
http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/circadian-rhythms-control-bodys-response-to-intestinal-infections-uci-led-study-finds/
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/03/gaining-control-of-our-circadian-rhythms.html
http://news.yale.edu/2013/06/17/rhythm-everything
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578018294057070544
https://wn.com/Circadian_Rhythm_And_Your_Brain's_Clock
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks about circadian rhythms, how they work, and how they regulate different processes in our bodies.
----------
Our President of Space for this episode:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Kurzgesagt
----------
Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow
Or help support us by subscribing to our page on Subbable: https://subbable.com/scishow
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Thanks Tank Tumblr: http://thankstank.tumblr.com
Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419318
http://www.livescience.com/13123-circadian-rhythms-obesity-diabetes-nih.html
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock
http://www.aasmnet.org/resources/factsheets/crsd.pdf
http://www.helpguide.org/harvard/sleep_cycles_body_clock.htm
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1991/9108/910805.PDF
http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/circadian-rhythms-control-bodys-response-to-intestinal-infections-uci-led-study-finds/
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/03/gaining-control-of-our-circadian-rhythms.html
http://news.yale.edu/2013/06/17/rhythm-everything
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578018294057070544
- published: 10 Jan 2014
- views: 531217
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 28 Sep 2009
- views: 29635
- published: 28 Sep 2009
- views: 29635
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 2877
- published: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 2877
Circadian Rhythm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Updated: 01 Nov 2015
- views: 2680
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
https://wn.com/Circadian_Rhythm
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
- published: 01 Nov 2015
- views: 2680
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 08 Nov 2008
- views: 18379
NEI promo
NEI promo
https://wn.com/Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:18
- Updated: 24 Mar 2014
- views: 13972
Lecture Overview:
Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes...
Lecture Overview:
Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes controlling circadian clocks were first identified in Drosophila and the cloning tour de force that was required to identify clock genes in mice. He also describes the experiments that resulted in the realization that all cells in the body have a circadian clock, not just cells in the brain.
In part 1B, Takahashi explains that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain generates a circadian rhythm of fluctuating body temperature that, in turn, signals to peripheral tissues. Heat shock factor 1 is one of the signaling molecules responsible for communicating the temperature information and resetting peripheral clocks.
In Part 2, Takahashi describes how crossing many mice of different genetic backgrounds allowed his lab to identify several genes that impact the output of the clock gene system through different mechanisms.
Takahashi begins the last part of his presentation with the crystal structures of BMAL and Clock, the two central activators of clock gene transcription. He goes on to describe how his lab showed that BMAL/Clock controls the DNA binding activity of transcriptional regulators of not only cycling genes, but also of basic cell functions such as RNA polymerase 2 occupancy and histone modification.
Speaker Bio:
Joseph Takahashi received his BA in biology from Swarthmore College, his PhD in neuroscience from the University of Oregon, and he was a post-doctoral fellow with Martin Zatz at the National Institutes of Mental Health. He then spent 26 years at Northwestern University where he was a faculty member in the Department of Neurobiology and Physiology and in 1997 he became an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2008, Takahashi joined the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center as the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience.
Using forward genetic screens in mice, Takahashi identified the first mammalian circadian gene "Clock" in 1997. Since then, his lab has gone on to identify and clone numerous circadian genes in both the brain and tissues throughout the body. Takahashi has received numerous awards and honors for his ground-breaking research including election to the National Academy of Sciences.
https://wn.com/Joseph_Takahashi_(Ut_Southwestern_Hhmi)_Part_1A_Circadian_Clocks_Clock_Genes,_Cells_And_Circuits
Lecture Overview:
Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience. Takahashi begins his talk with an historic overview of how the genes controlling circadian clocks were first identified in Drosophila and the cloning tour de force that was required to identify clock genes in mice. He also describes the experiments that resulted in the realization that all cells in the body have a circadian clock, not just cells in the brain.
In part 1B, Takahashi explains that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain generates a circadian rhythm of fluctuating body temperature that, in turn, signals to peripheral tissues. Heat shock factor 1 is one of the signaling molecules responsible for communicating the temperature information and resetting peripheral clocks.
In Part 2, Takahashi describes how crossing many mice of different genetic backgrounds allowed his lab to identify several genes that impact the output of the clock gene system through different mechanisms.
Takahashi begins the last part of his presentation with the crystal structures of BMAL and Clock, the two central activators of clock gene transcription. He goes on to describe how his lab showed that BMAL/Clock controls the DNA binding activity of transcriptional regulators of not only cycling genes, but also of basic cell functions such as RNA polymerase 2 occupancy and histone modification.
Speaker Bio:
Joseph Takahashi received his BA in biology from Swarthmore College, his PhD in neuroscience from the University of Oregon, and he was a post-doctoral fellow with Martin Zatz at the National Institutes of Mental Health. He then spent 26 years at Northwestern University where he was a faculty member in the Department of Neurobiology and Physiology and in 1997 he became an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2008, Takahashi joined the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center as the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience.
Using forward genetic screens in mice, Takahashi identified the first mammalian circadian gene "Clock" in 1997. Since then, his lab has gone on to identify and clone numerous circadian genes in both the brain and tissues throughout the body. Takahashi has received numerous awards and honors for his ground-breaking research including election to the National Academy of Sciences.
- published: 24 Mar 2014
- views: 13972
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:34
- Updated: 31 Aug 2017
- views: 154
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN ...
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN transplants with Tau mutant hamsters, which demonstrated the role of the SCN as the central mammalian pacemaker.
https://wn.com/The_Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus_Lesion_Transplant_Experiments_Review
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San Diego. It describes landmark experiments involving SCN lesions and SCN transplants with Tau mutant hamsters, which demonstrated the role of the SCN as the central mammalian pacemaker.
- published: 31 Aug 2017
- views: 154
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 1790
- published: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 1790
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 22 Jan 2017
- views: 53288
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for...
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland secretes melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle, with secretion being highest in the middle of the night and lowest during daylight hours. In this video, I discuss the pineal gland and melatonin secretion, including 24-hour patterns of melatonin secretion and how the pineal gland uses signals from the retina about how much light is in the environment to determine what the time of day is.
**CORRECTION** On the chart that appears at :34, the last time on the x-axis should be 12 PM, not AM.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the pineal gland.
The pineal gland was given its name because it has a pine-cone like shape. Unliked most brain structures, the pineal gland is unpaired, meaning there is only one. It sits directly on the midline of the brain. The function most linked to the pineal gland is the secretion of a hormone called melatonin, which is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms.
The pineal gland is made up of secretory cells called pinealocytes, which secrete melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle. Secretion is highest in the middle of the night. It begins to decrease as it gets closer to dawn and is lowest during daylight hours.
This schedule of melatonin secretion is regulated by signals from the retina about light in the environment, which travel to a nucleus in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus and then via an indirect route to the pineal gland. The main function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is to control circadian rhythms, and in addition to sending information about ambient lighting to the pineal gland, the suprachiasmatic nucleus also uses levels of melatonin as a signal to provide information about the time of day.
Because melatonin levels are highest during the hours of darkness, melatonin activity can be used as a signal that circadian rhythms should be in their nocturnal stage. If melatonin levels are high and someone is still wide awake, it is an indication circadian rhythms are not in sync. This might happen, for example, after flying across several time zones. In this case, melatonin is used by the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a signal to get circadian rhythms back on track.
Due to its close association with nighttime and circadian rhythms, melatonin has also been investigated as playing a role in promoting sleep, but the true relationship between melatonin and sleep is still unclear.
References:
Dora Sapède,, & Elise Cau (2013). The Pineal Gland from Development to Function Current Topics in Developmental Biology DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416021-7.00005-5
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Pineal_Gland
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms. The pineal gland secretes melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle, with secretion being highest in the middle of the night and lowest during daylight hours. In this video, I discuss the pineal gland and melatonin secretion, including 24-hour patterns of melatonin secretion and how the pineal gland uses signals from the retina about how much light is in the environment to determine what the time of day is.
**CORRECTION** On the chart that appears at :34, the last time on the x-axis should be 12 PM, not AM.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the pineal gland.
The pineal gland was given its name because it has a pine-cone like shape. Unliked most brain structures, the pineal gland is unpaired, meaning there is only one. It sits directly on the midline of the brain. The function most linked to the pineal gland is the secretion of a hormone called melatonin, which is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms.
The pineal gland is made up of secretory cells called pinealocytes, which secrete melatonin throughout the 24-hour cycle. Secretion is highest in the middle of the night. It begins to decrease as it gets closer to dawn and is lowest during daylight hours.
This schedule of melatonin secretion is regulated by signals from the retina about light in the environment, which travel to a nucleus in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus and then via an indirect route to the pineal gland. The main function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is to control circadian rhythms, and in addition to sending information about ambient lighting to the pineal gland, the suprachiasmatic nucleus also uses levels of melatonin as a signal to provide information about the time of day.
Because melatonin levels are highest during the hours of darkness, melatonin activity can be used as a signal that circadian rhythms should be in their nocturnal stage. If melatonin levels are high and someone is still wide awake, it is an indication circadian rhythms are not in sync. This might happen, for example, after flying across several time zones. In this case, melatonin is used by the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a signal to get circadian rhythms back on track.
Due to its close association with nighttime and circadian rhythms, melatonin has also been investigated as playing a role in promoting sleep, but the true relationship between melatonin and sleep is still unclear.
References:
Dora Sapède,, & Elise Cau (2013). The Pineal Gland from Development to Function Current Topics in Developmental Biology DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416021-7.00005-5
- published: 22 Jan 2017
- views: 53288
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 29332
http://www.sleepsextraining.com
How to Sleep better at night.
Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to ...
http://www.sleepsextraining.com
How to Sleep better at night.
Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to the SCN. From the SCN to the Pineal gland to excrete Melatonin.
https://wn.com/How_To_Sleep_Better_At_Night_Melatonin_Scn_Hypothalamus_Circadian_Rhythm
http://www.sleepsextraining.com
How to Sleep better at night.
Demonstrating the pathway of the the Photons from the sun to your retina and from the retina to the SCN. From the SCN to the Pineal gland to excrete Melatonin.
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 29332
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:12
- Updated: 17 May 2012
- views: 948
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properti...
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties," from the Annual Review of Physiology: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919
A movie of circadian rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence recorded from mouse SCN neurons in dispersed culture over a period of two weeks, showing that the cells oscillate independently. Bioluminescence intensity of one cell highlighted near the center of the image is plotted below.
https://wn.com/Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus_Cell_Autonomy_And_Network_Properties_Supplemental_Video_1
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Steve A. Kay, "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties," from the Annual Review of Physiology: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919
A movie of circadian rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence recorded from mouse SCN neurons in dispersed culture over a period of two weeks, showing that the cells oscillate independently. Bioluminescence intensity of one cell highlighted near the center of the image is plotted below.
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 948
SCN song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 1323
Catherine Cox's live performance at the Science ShowOff in London, Nov 2012
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 1323
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 06 Mar 2017
- views: 433
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soon from Art As Catharsis Records...
You can pre-order here for a measl...
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soon from Art As Catharsis Records...
You can pre-order here for a measly $1 (or donate more if you like!):
https://artascatharsis.bandcamp.com/album/heteronomy
"Zeitgeber's Heteronomy is an exploration of psychedelic, ambient, world and electronic music. You’ll hear hints of Balkan and African rhythms, washes of reverb-soaked textures, and instrumentation as eclectic as ‘caisa’ handpan, clarinet, didgeridoo, ‘sansula’ thumb piano, melodica, guitar and viola. "
https://wn.com/Zeitgeber_Suprachiasmatic_Nuclei_(Scn)_Official_Video
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soon from Art As Catharsis Records...
You can pre-order here for a measly $1 (or donate more if you like!):
https://artascatharsis.bandcamp.com/album/heteronomy
"Zeitgeber's Heteronomy is an exploration of psychedelic, ambient, world and electronic music. You’ll hear hints of Balkan and African rhythms, washes of reverb-soaked textures, and instrumentation as eclectic as ‘caisa’ handpan, clarinet, didgeridoo, ‘sansula’ thumb piano, melodica, guitar and viola. "
- published: 06 Mar 2017
- views: 433
1:59
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhy...
published: 05 Nov 2016
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Report rights infringement
- published: 05 Nov 2016
- views: 14132
4:10
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
Why do we sleep at night instead of during the day? In this episode of SciShow Hank talks ...
published: 10 Jan 2014
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock
- Report rights infringement
- published: 10 Jan 2014
- views: 531217
1:42
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 28 Sep 2009
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Sep 2009
- views: 29635
6:11
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 22 Jan 2012
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Report rights infringement
- published: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 2877
5:32
Circadian Rhythm
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus and Circadian Rhythms
published: 01 Nov 2015
Circadian Rhythm
Circadian Rhythm
- Report rights infringement
- published: 01 Nov 2015
- views: 2680
1:57
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
NEI promo
published: 08 Nov 2008
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
33:18
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
Lecture Overview:
Circadian rhythms are an adaptation to the 24 hr day that we experience...
published: 24 Mar 2014
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: Circadian Clocks: Clock Genes, Cells and Circuits
- Report rights infringement
- published: 24 Mar 2014
- views: 13972
12:34
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
This video tutorial was produced by members of the BioClock Studio Winter 2017 at UC San D...
published: 31 Aug 2017
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant Experiments Review
- Report rights infringement
- published: 31 Aug 2017
- views: 154
0:35
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
published: 30 Jan 2012
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Report rights infringement
- published: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 1790
1:59
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main fu...
published: 22 Jan 2017
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
- Report rights infringement
- published: 22 Jan 2017
- views: 53288
2:02
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
http://www.sleepsextraining.com
How to Sleep better at night.
Demonstrating the pathway ...
published: 10 Oct 2012
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / Hypothalamus / Circadian Rhythm
- Report rights infringement
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 29332
0:12
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
A supplemental video from the 2010 review by David K. Welsh, Joseph S. Takahashi, and Stev...
published: 17 May 2012
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties: Supplemental Video 1
- Report rights infringement
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 948
2:51
SCN song
Catherine Cox's live performance at the Science ShowOff in London, Nov 2012
published: 03 Nov 2011
SCN song
SCN song
- Report rights infringement
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 1323
3:42
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) taken from Zeitgeber's debut album 'Heteronomy' available soo...
published: 06 Mar 2017
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Official Video
- Report rights infringement
- published: 06 Mar 2017
- views: 433
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus...
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain's Clock...
Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus...
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus...
Circadian Rhythm...
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus...
Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) Part 1A: C...
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Lesion & Transplant E...
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus...
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland...
How to Sleep better at night / Melatonin / SCN / H...
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network...
SCN song...
Zeitgeber - Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) - Officia...
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SpaceX blasted massive plasma hole in Earth's ionosphere
Edit The Register 23 Mar 2018
GPS systems thrown out of whack by Elon's rocket A SpaceX rocket ripped a humongous hole in Earth’s ionosphere during a launch in California last year and may have impaired GPS satellites ... ....
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Playboy Model Karen McDougal Says Trump 'Tried to Pay Her After Sex'
Edit News18 23 Mar 2018
Washington ... ....
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Justice Department Charges Iranians Over Massive Global Hacking Scheme
Edit WorldNews.com 23 Mar 2018
The Trump administration said on Friday that Iranian government-linked hackers have broken into the accounts of almost 8,000 professors at hundreds of universities in the United States and abroad, along with several private companies and government entities, in order to steal massive troves of data and intellectual property, according to CNN ... “These defendants are now fugitives of justice,” U.S ... companies ... H.R ... -WN.com, Maureen Foody....
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US warship sails near disputed islands in South China Sea, officials say
Edit DNA India 23 Mar 2018
A U.S. Navy destroyer carried out a "freedom of navigation" operation on Friday, coming within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built by China in the South China Sea, U.S. officials told Reuters, a move likely to anger Beijing. Friday's operation was the latest attempt to counter what Washington sees as Beijing efforts to limit freedom of navigation in the strategic waters ... The U.S ... The U.S ... ....
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Thousands of Polish Women Protest Tightening of Abortion Law in Poland
Edit WorldNews.com 23 Mar 2018
Thousands of Poles dressed in black to commemorate 'Black Friday' as they protested around the country against the ruling conservatives push to ban most abortions in the European country, according to Reuters ... “I am against treating a woman as an inferior type of human being,” Malgorzata, 58, a psychologist who joined the “Black Friday” protest in Warsaw told Reuters ... Several U.N ... ... -WN.com, Maureen Foody....
Dog’s Eye View: What time is it anyway?
Edit Steamboat Pilot 16 Mar 2018
But wait, walkies are off schedule, the kids are getting up in the dark, and we're going to bed early.� What's with that?� It's not just that the clock is set to our new time schedule, but that we're messing with circadian rhythms ... They respond primarily to light and darkness in an organism’s environment ... The body's master clock, or suprachiasmatic nucleus, controls the production of melatonin, a hormone that makes you sleepy ... ....
Light at night — even low levels — is linked to increased risk of depression
Edit MinnPost 13 Mar 2018
... diagnosis,” they explain, “and the capacity for light reception of a 70-year-old is one-fifth of that of a teenager.” Furthermore, the area in the brain that functions as the master pacemaker of the body’s internal circadian rhythms — the suprachiasmatic nucleus — becomes weaker (and thus less susceptible to the influences of light) with age....
Always Tired? Why You're Fatigued Even If You Get Enough Sleep
Edit Newsweek 03 Mar 2018
Feeling the neverending weight of fatigue is a common complaint. In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published results from a survey showing that nearly 16 percent of women and 9 percent of men were tired all the time. Related ... A woman sleeping on in a train car in February 2018 ... A master clock made up of cells in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls this entire process ... ....
The Complete Guide to the Science of Circadian Rhythms
Edit New York Observer 29 Dec 2017
HIGHLIGHTS. → Maintaining consistent and healthy circadian rhythms may help improve overall health and prevent chronic diseases ... The Basics ... The so-called “master clock” governing human circadian rhythms is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a pair of cell populations packed with genes that carry out this function (including Clock, Npas2, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2), located in the hypothalamus portion of the brain ... Role ... ....
The Science of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Edit Mercola 23 Nov 2017
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression that occurs seasonally, typically ramping up in the fall and winter months and disappearing come spring (although it may occur during other seasons as well, albeit less often) ... Dr ... Regular sunlight exposure is a crucial part of this equation ... Your master biological clock resides inside the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of your brain, which is part of your hypothalamus ... 28.08 ... ....
DON'T have that nighttime snack! Eating out of sync with your biological clock puts you at risk for heart disease and diabetes, a new study shows
Edit This is Money 08 Nov 2017
Eating late at night increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes by raising levels of harmful blood fats, warns new research ... Scientists found jet lag, or simply staying up, is also dangerous by leading to midnight suppers ... Dr Buijs explained energy metabolism follows a daily, or 'diurnal' pattern, mainly driven by the SCN (Suprachiasmatic nucleus), a tiny region of the brain that regulates the body clock ... Dr Buijs ... ....
Nobel Prize-Winning Science Highlights Importance of Good Sleep for Health
Edit Mercola 02 Nov 2017
It also raises your risk of accidents and occupational errors. The Many Health Hazards of Insufficient Sleep ... “Using fruit flies, the team identified a ‘period’ gene, which encodes a protein within the cell during the night which then degrades during the day, in an endless feedback cycle … Scientists discovered the same gene exists in mammals and that it is expressed in a tiny brain area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN ... 1 ... 2 ... ....
Correction for Abel et al., Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus [Correction]
Edit PNAS 31 Oct 2017
NEUROSCIENCE Correction for “Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus,” by John H. Abel, Kirsten Meeker, Daniel Granados-Fuentes, Peter C. St. John, Thomas J. Wang, Benjamin B. Bales, Francis J. Doyle III, Erik D. Herzog, and Linda R. Petzold, which was first published April 4, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1521178113 (Proc Natl Acad... ....
Correction to Supporting Information for Abel et al., Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus ...
Edit PNAS 31 Oct 2017
NEUROSCIENCE Correction to Supporting Information for “Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus,” by John H. Abel, Kirsten Meeker, Daniel Granados-Fuentes, Peter C. St. John, Thomas J. Wang, Benjamin B. Bales, Francis J. Doyle III, Erik D. Herzog, and Linda R. Petzold, which was first published April 4, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1521178113... ....
Could going to bed at the same time every night ease the pain of arthritis? And other intriguing ways our body clocks govern our health
Edit This is Money 31 Oct 2017The science of Sad: understanding the causes of ‘winter depression’
Edit The Guardian 30 Oct 2017
Health & wellbeing. The science of Sad ... Twitter ... Read more ... When cells in the retina, at the back of our eye, are hit by this blue light, they transmit a signal to a little hub in the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus that integrates different sensory inputs, controls our circadian rhythms, and is connected to another hub called the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, which is the origin of all serotonin neurons throughout the brain ... ....
Why the clocks changing are great for your brain
Edit The Conversation 27 Oct 2017
shutterstock October is a dismal time of year. The clocks go back, which accelerates the onset of darker evenings and the “shorter days” inevitably lead to calls for the tradition of putting clocks forward or backward to stop ... Chain reactions Light intensity is detected by special cells in the retina and this information is relayed to the internal body clock, located deep in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus....
Correction for Abel et al., Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus [Corrections]
Edit PNAS 24 Oct 2017
NEUROSCIENCE Correction for “Functional network inference of the suprachiasmatic nucleus,” by John H. Abel, Kirsten Meeker, Daniel Granados-Fuentes, Peter C. St. John, Thomas J. Wang, Benjamin B. Bales, Francis J. Doyle III, Erik D. Herzog, and Linda R. Petzold, which was first published April 4, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1521178113 (Proc Natl Acad... ....
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