Abdelwahab Meddeb

Abdelwahab Meddeb at the 'Comédie du Livre' of Montpellier in 2011.

Abdelwahab Meddeb (Tunisian Arabic: عبد الوهاب المدب‎; 1946 – 5 November 2014) was an award-winning French-language poet, novelist, essayist, translator, editor, cultural critic, political commentator, radio producer, public intellectual and professor of comparative literature at the University of Paris X-Nanterre.

Biography and career

Meddeb was born in Tunis, French Tunisia, in 1946, into a learned and patrician milieu. His family’s origins stretch from Tripoli and Yemen on his mother’s side, to Spain and Morocco on his father’s side. Raised in a traditionally observant North African Muslim family, Meddeb began learning the Qur'an at the age of four from his father, Sheik Mustapha Meddeb, a scholar of Islamic law at the Zitouna, the great mosque and university of Tunis. At the age of six he began his bilingual education at the Franco-Arabic school that was part of the famous Collège Sadiki. Thus began an intellectual trajectory nourished, in adolescence, by the classics of both Arabic and French and European literatures.

In 1967, Meddeb moved to Paris to continue his university studies at the Sorbonne in art history. He has lived there ever since, traveling the world as a poet, writer, translator, cultural critic, invited lecturer, scholar-in-residence and visiting professor.

In 1970-72, he collaborated on the dictionary Petit Robert: Des Noms Propres, working on entries concerning Islam and art history. From 1974-1987 he was a literary consultant at Sindbad publications, helping to introduce a French reading public to the classics of Arabic and Persian literatures as well as the great Sufi writers. A visiting Professor at Yale University and the University of Geneva, Meddeb has been teaching comparative literature since 1995 at the University of Paris X-Nanterre. Between 1992 and 1994 he was co-editor of the journal Intersignes, and in 1995 he created his own journal, Dédale, all the while producing works of fiction, poetry, and translation. His first novel, Talismano, was published in Paris in 1979 and quickly became a founding text of avant-garde postcolonial fiction in French.

Since 9/11 his work, always informed by what Meddeb terms his “double genealogy,” both western and Islamic, French and Arabic, has included an urgent political dimension. An outspoken critic of Islamic fundamentalism, he is a staunch proponent of secularism (“la laïcité”) in the French Enlightenment tradition, as the necessary guarantor of democracy that would reconcile Islam with modernity. His vigilant point of view derives from the privilege of what he calls the “in-between” space (“l’entre deux”), and from the responsibility that comes with the position of public intellectual as a North African writer based in France. His erudite historical and cultural analyses of world events impacted by Islamic extremism have led to innumerable publications, interviews and radio commentaries. In response to 9/11 and its grave aftermath, Meddeb published his important study, La Maladie de l’Islam in 2002 (since translated and published in English as The Malady of Islam). This carefully researched and argued book traces the historical and cultural riches of medieval Islamic civilization, eventually “inconsolable in its destitution,” the subsequent roots of Islamic fundamentalism and the modern Arab states’ attachment to the archaic, manichean laws of “official Islam,” and finally, the tragic consequences of the West’s exclusion of Islam.

From editorials in the French newspaper Le Monde on the Israeli invasion of Gaza (i.e., 13 Jan. ’09), to Obama’s “Cairo Speech” (4 June 2009), to his two weekly radio programs, "Cultures d’islam" at Radio France Culture and "Point de Vue" at Médi 1 (broadcast from Tangiers, Morocco), to his television appearances and his online interviews, Meddeb uses the media as a forum for exploration and debate. After his death, the radio programme "Cultures d’islam" is led by Abdennour Bidar. His work juxtaposes writers and scholars from East and West, engaging subjects that are historical, cultural, religious, political, and thereby challenging the stereotypes that Muslims and Europeans hold about each other. A voice of tolerant Islam, Meddeb is no stranger to controversy from militant Muslim quarters and some left-wing journalists, who accuse him of complacency towards the Ben Ali regime.

Overview of the literary work

From his earliest essays, novels, poems and editorial work in the mid-1970s onward, Meddeb’s writing has always been multiple and diverse, forming an on-going literary project that mixes and transcends genres. His texts are those of a polymath.

The movement and rhythms of his French sentences are commensurate with the meditations of a narrator who is a flâneur, a walker in the city, and a poet without borders. Associative imagery allows the writing to nomadize across space and time, to dialogue with writers such as Dante and Ibn Arabi, the Sufi poets and Stéphane Mallarmé, Spinoza, Aristotle and Averroes (Ibn Rushd), along with the poets of classical China and Japan. Formally, Meddeb practices what he calls an “esthetics of the heterogeneous,” playing with different literary forms from many traditions, including the European modernist novel, pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, the medieval mystical poets of Islam, Japanese Haiku, and so on. Although he writes only in French, his work as a translator of medieval Arabophone poets, as well as his conscious literary ambition to “liberate the Islamic referent from its strict context so that it circulates in the contemporary French text” marks his writing with enigmatic traces of ‘otherness.” His privileging of these Arabic and Persian literary precursors explores archaic cultural resources in postmodern forms, emphasizing the esthetic, spiritual and ethical aspects of Islam. His work, translated into over a dozen languages, opens onto and enriches the dialogue with contemporary world literature.

Literary Prizes

2002 – Prix François Mauriac, La Maladie de l’Islam
2002 – Prix Max Jacob, Matière des oiseaux
2007 – Prix international de littérature francophone Benjamin Fondane – Contre-prêches

Bibliography

Available in French Talismano 1979; 1987
Phantasia 1986
Tombeau d’Ibn ‘Arabi 1987
Les Dits de Bistami 1989
La Gazelle et l’enfant 1992
Récit de l’exil occidental par Sohrawardi 1993
Les 99 Stations de Yale 1995
Ré Soupault. La Tunisie 1936-1940. 1996
Blanches traverses du passé 1997
En Tunisie avec Jellal Gasteli et Albert Memmi 1998
Aya dans les villes 1999
Matière des oiseaux 2002
La Maladie de l’Islam 2002
Face à l’Islam entretiens avec Philippe Petit 2003
Saigyô. Vers le vide avec Hiromi Tsukui 2004
L’Exil occidental 2005
Tchétchénie surexposée avec Maryvonne Arnaud 2005
Contre-prêches. Chroniques 2006
La Conférence de Ratisbonne, enjeux et controverse avec Jean Bollack et Christian Jambet 2007
Sortir de la malédiction. L’Islam entre civilisation et barbarie 2008
Pari de civilisation 2009
Printemps de Tunis 2011
Histoire des Relations entre Juifs et Musulmans des Origines à nos Jours, co-dirigé avec Benjamin Stora 2013

Books in English translation

The Malady of Islam. New York: Basic Books, 2003. Trans. Pierre Joris and Ann Reid ISBN 0-465-04435-2
Islam and Its Discontents. London: Heinemann, 2004.(British Edition)
Tombeau of Ibn’ Arabi and White Traverses. With an afterword by Jean-Luc Nancy. Trans. Charlotte Mandell. New York: Fordham University Press. 2009.
Talismano. Translated and Introduction by Jane Kuntz. Dalkey Archive Press, Champaign, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 2011
Islam and Challenge of civilisation.Translated by Jane Kuntz, New York, Fordham University Press, 2013
"A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations - From the Origins to the Present Day", co-directed with Benjamin Stora, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2013

Poems and interviews

(in periodicals, online, and in collections)

• Abdelwahab Meddeb. “Islam and its Discontents: An Interview with Frank Berberich ,” in October 99, Winter 2002, pp. 3–20, Cambridge: MIT, trans. Pierre Joris.

(All translations below by Charlotte Mandell)

• Abdelwahab Meddeb, “The Stranger Across,” in Cerise Press, Summer 2009, online:
• Abdelwahab Meddeb, "At the Tomb of Hafiz," in The Modern Review, Winter 2006, Vol. II, Issue 2, pp. 15–16.
• Maram al-Massri, "Every night the birds sleep in their solitude" and Abdelwahab Meddeb, "Wandering" in The Cúirt Annual 2006, published by the Cúirt International Festival of Literature, Galway, April 2006, pp. 78–80.
• Abdelwahab Meddeb, "California apple with no apple taste" (poem), in Two Lines: A Journal of Translation, XIII, published by Center for the Art of Translation, 2006, pp. 188–191.73-80.
• Abdelwahab Meddeb, selections from "Tomb of Ibn Arabi," in The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century Poetry, ed. Mary Ann Caws, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2004, pp. 418–419.

Filmography

• "Miroirs de Tunis", Raul Ruiz, dir. 1993.

See also

• Islamic Modernism

References

• Some of the content of this article comes from the equivalent French-language Wikipedia article:
• Andrea Flores Khalil, The Arab Avant-Garde: Experiments in North African Art and Literature. Westport, Ct.: Praeger, 2003.
• Naceureddine Elafrite, "Tunisie. Abdelwahab Meddeb: 'L'Islamisme est une interprétation pauvre, bête et détestable de l'Islam' " Le Courrier de l'Atlas, 11 December 2012. http://www.lecourrierdelatlas.com/372711122012Tunisie-Abdelwahab-Meddeb-L-islamisme-est-une-interpretation-pauvre-bete-et-detestable-de-l-islam.html
• Ronnie Scharfman, Nomadism and Transcultural Writing in the Works of Abdelwahab Meddeb, in L’Esprit créateur, Lexington, Ky.: Vol. XLI, No. 3, Fall 2001, pp. 105–113.

External links

• Signandsight.com Abdelwahab Meddeb: The Pornography of Horror
• Michael Mönninger, Abdelwahab Meddeb: Islam's Heritage of Violence
• The English Pen Online World Atlas - Abdelwahab Meddeb
• Sweeping Our Own Backyard: UNESCO
• Abdelwahab Meddeb—Islam and the Enlightenment
• The international artist database