Office of Management and Budget
![]() |
|
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1970 |
Preceding agency |
|
Headquarters | Eisenhower Executive Office Building |
Employees | 529[1] |
Annual budget | $92.8 million (FY 2011) |
Agency executive |
|
Parent agency | Executive Office of the President of the United States |
Child agencies | |
Website | Office of Management and Budget |
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). OMB's most prominent function is to produce the President's Budget,[2] but OMB also measures the quality of agency programs, policies, and procedures to see if they comply with the president's policies and coordinates inter-agency policy initiatives.
The current nominee for OMB Director is Mick Mulvaney, who was first reported as the nominee on December 16, 2016. He is currently going through confirmation hearings. The OMB Director reports to the President, Vice President and the White House Chief of Staff.
Contents
History[edit]
![]() |
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016) |
The Bureau of the Budget, OMB's predecessor, was established in 1921 as a part of the Department of the Treasury by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which was signed into law by president Warren G. Harding. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the Executive Office of the President in 1939 and was run by Harold D. Smith during the government's rapid expansion of spending during the Second World War. James L. Sundquist, a staffer at the Bureau of the Budget described the relationship between the President and the Bureau as extremely close and of subsequent Bureau Directors as politicians and not public administrators.[3]
The Bureau was reorganized into the Office of Management and Budget in 1970 during the Nixon administration.[4] The first OMB included Roy Ash (head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek (deputy director) and Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others.
In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining the dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices.[5]
Purpose[edit]
OMB prepares the President's budget proposal to Congress and supervises the administration of the executive branch agencies. OMB evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. OMB ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with the president's budget and with administration policies.
OMB also oversees and coordinates the administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.
OMB's critical missions are:[6]
- Budget development and execution is a prominent government-wide process managed from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) and a device by which a president implements his policies, priorities, and actions in everything from the Department of Defense to NASA.
- OMB manages other agencies' financials, paperwork, and IT.
Structure[edit]
Overview[edit]
The Office is made up mainly of career appointed staff who provide continuity across changes of party and persons in the White House. Six positions within OMB – the Director, the Deputy Director, the Deputy Director for Management, and the administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the Office of Federal Financial Management are presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed positions.
The largest component of the Office of Management and Budget are the four Resource Management Offices which are organized along functional lines mirroring the U.S. federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be deployed by a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as responsibility for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president's budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations using the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations, agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the president's management agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to any EOP staff member. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB, which are Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology whose job it is to specialize in issues such as federal regulations or procurement policy and law.
Other offices are OMB-wide support offices which include the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president's budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress.
The Legislative Reference Division has the important role of being the central clearing house across the federal government for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distils the comments into a consensus opinion of the Administration about the proposal. They are also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both bodies of Congress for the president's signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the particulars of the bill, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether the bill should be signed into law or vetoed. They also issue Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House's official position on proposed legislation.
Organization[edit]
- Director, OMB
- Deputy Director, OMB
- Legal Affairs Division
- Legislative Affairs Division
- Strategic Planning and Communications Division
- Management and Operations Division
- Economic Policy Division
- Legislative Reference Division
- Budget Review Division
- Resource Management Offices
- Natural Resources Programs
- Education, Income Maintenance and Labor Programs
- Health Programs
- General Government Programs
- National Security Programs
- Deputy Director for Management and Chief Performance Officer
- Office of Federal Financial Management
- Office of Federal Procurement Policy
- Office of E-Government and Information Technology
- Office of Performance and Personnel Management
- Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
- Deputy Director, OMB
Key staff[edit]
- Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Shaun Donovan
- Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget:
- Deputy Director for Management (Chief Performance Officer):
- General Counsel: Ilona Cohen
- Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management: David Mader
- Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy: Anne Rung
- Administrator of the Office of E-Government & Information Technology (Chief Information Officer): Tony Scott
- Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Howard Shelanski
List of directors[edit]
# | Name | Dates served | President | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dawes, Charles G.Charles G. Dawes | June 23, 1921 – June 30, 1922 | Warren G. Harding | Dawes would later become Vice President of the United States under Calvin Coolidge and the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom under Herbert Hoover |
2 | Lord, Herbert M.Herbert M. Lord | July 1, 1922 – May 31, 1929 | Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover |
|
3 | Roop, J. ClawsonJ. Clawson Roop | August 15, 1929 – March 3, 1933 | Herbert Hoover | |
4 | Douglas, Lewis W.Lewis W. Douglas | March 7, 1933 – August 31, 1934 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
5 | Bell, Daniel W.Daniel W. Bell | September 1, 1934 – April 14, 1939 | ||
6 | Smith, Harold D.Harold D. Smith | April 15, 1939 – June 19, 1946 | Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman |
|
7 | Webb, James E.James E. Webb | July 13, 1946 – January 27, 1949 | Harry S. Truman | Webb later became the second administrator of NASA under presidents Kennedy and Johnson |
8 | Pace, Jr., FrankFrank Pace, Jr. | February 1, 1949 – April 12, 1950 | ||
9 | Lawton, Frederick J.Frederick J. Lawton | April 13, 1950 – January 21, 1953 | ||
10 | Dodge, Joseph M.Joseph M. Dodge | January 22, 1953 – April 15, 1954 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
11 | Hughes, Rowland R.Rowland R. Hughes | April 16, 1954 – April 1, 1956 | ||
12 | Brundage, Percival F.Percival F. Brundage | April 2, 1956 – March 17, 1958 | ||
13 | Stans, Maurice H.Maurice H. Stans | March 18, 1958 – January 21, 1961 | ||
14 | Bell, David E.David E. Bell | January 22, 1961 – December 20, 1962 | John F. Kennedy | |
15 | Gordon, KermitKermit Gordon | December 28, 1962 – June 1, 1965 | John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson |
|
16 | Schultze, Charles L.Charles L. Schultze | June 1, 1965 – January 28, 1968 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Schultze later served as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under president Jimmy Carter. |
17 | Zwick, Charles J.Charles J. Zwick | January 29, 1968 – January 21, 1969 | ||
18 | Mayo, Robert P.Robert P. Mayo | January 22, 1969 – June 30, 1970 | Richard Nixon | |
19 | Shultz, George P.George P. Shultz | July 1, 1970 – June 11, 1972 | Shultz had previously served president Nixon as Secretary of Labor and would later serve under him as Secretary of the Treasury and under Ronald Reagan as Secretary of State. | |
20 | Weinberger, Caspar W.Caspar W. Weinberger | June 12, 1972 – February 1, 1973 | Weinberger later served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under presidents Nixon and Ford, and as Secretary of Defense under president Reagan | |
21 | Ash, Roy L.Roy L. Ash | February 2, 1973 – February 3, 1975 | Richard Nixon Gerald Ford |
|
22 | Lynn, James T.James T. Lynn | February 10, 1975 – January 20, 1977 | Gerald Ford | Lynn left to head Aetna Insurance |
23 | Lance, BertBert Lance | January 21, 1977 – September 23, 1977 | Jimmy Carter | Lance resigned amid a corruption scandal |
24 | McIntyre, James T.James T. McIntyre | September 24, 1977 – January 20, 1981 | ||
25 | Stockman, David A.David A. Stockman | January 21, 1981 – August 1, 1985 | Ronald Reagan | |
26 | Miller III, James C.James C. Miller III | October 8, 1985 – October 15, 1988 | ||
27 | Wright, Jr., Joseph R.Joseph R. Wright, Jr. | October 16, 1988 – January 20, 1989 | ||
28 | Darman, Richard G.Richard G. Darman | January 25, 1989 – January 20, 1993 | George H. W. Bush | |
29 | Panetta, Leon E.Leon E. Panetta | January 21, 1993 – October 1994 | Bill Clinton | Panetta became president Clinton's Chief of Staff and served under president Obama as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and later as Secretary of Defense |
30 | Rivlin, Alice M.Alice M. Rivlin | October 17, 1994 – April 26, 1996 | Rivlin became a governor of the Federal Reserve after leaving OMB | |
31 | Raines, Franklin D.Franklin D. Raines | September 13, 1996 – May 21, 1998 | Raines became CEO of Fannie Mae | |
32 | Lew, JackJack Lew | May 21, 1998 – January 19, 2001 | Jacob Lew served as deputy director of OMB from 1995 to 1998 and would serve as director again under Obama from 2010 to 2012 | |
33 | Daniels, MitchMitch Daniels | January 23, 2001 – June 6, 2003 | George W. Bush | Daniels left and successfully ran for governor of Indiana |
34 | Bolten, Joshua B.Joshua B. Bolten | June 26, 2003 – April 15, 2006 | Bolten became president Bush's Chief of Staff | |
35 | Portman, RobRob Portman | May 26, 2006 – June 19, 2007 | Portman had previously served president Bush as United States Trade Representative and was elected to the U.S. Senate from Ohio in 2010. | |
36 | Nussle, JimJim Nussle | September 4, 2007 – January 20, 2009 | ||
37 | Orszag, Peter R.Peter R. Orszag | January 20, 2009 – July 30, 2010 | Barack Obama | Orszag became Vice Chairman of Corporate and Investment Banking and Chairman of the Financial Strategy and Solutions Group at Citigroup |
37 | Zients, JeffreyJeffrey Zients | July 30, 2010 – November 18, 2010 | Acting Director during remainder of Orszag's term | |
38 | Lew, JackJack Lew | November 18, 2010 – January 27, 2012 | Previously served under Clinton from 1998 to 2001. Resigned to become Chief of Staff, and later Secretary of the Treasury | |
39 | Zients, JeffreyJeffrey Zients | January 27, 2012 – April 24, 2013 | Acting Director during remainder of Lew's term | |
40 | Burwell, Sylvia MathewsSylvia Mathews Burwell | April 24, 2013 – June 9, 2014 | Former deputy director of OMB under president Clinton. Resigned to become the Secretary of Health and Human Services | |
41 | Deese, BrianBrian Deese | June 9, 2014 – July 28, 2014 | Acting Director after Burwell resigned. | |
42 | Donovan, ShaunShaun Donovan | July 28, 2014 – January 20, 2017 | Former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Obama. | |
43 | Sandy, MarkMark Sandy | January 20, 2017 – present | Donald Trump | Acting |
44 | Mulvaney, MickMick Mulvaney | TBD Pending Senate confirmation |
Nominee |
Source:[7]
See also[edit]
- United States Census Bureau
- List of U.S. states and territories by population
- List of metropolitan areas of the United States
- List of United States cities by population
- List of United States counties and county-equivalents
- Primary statistical area – List of the 574 PSAs
- Combined Statistical Area – List of the 169 CSAs
- Core Based Statistical Area – List of the 929 CBSAs
- Metropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 388 MSAs
- Micropolitan Statistical Area – List of the 541 μSAs
- United States urban area – List of United States urban areas
- Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations
- Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations
- United States federal budget
- Office of Federal Financial Management
- Office of Federal Procurement Policy
- Office of E-Government & Information Technology
- Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
References[edit]
- ^ "FedScope". Office of Management and Budget. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ "The Mission and Structure of the Office of Management and Budget".
- ^ Oral History Interview with James L. Sundquist, Washington, D.C., July 15, 1963, by Charles T. Morrissey, https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/sundquis.htm
- ^ "Executive Orders". Archives.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
- ^ "OMB Organization Chart" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget.
- ^ Organization Mission at archive of OMB site}
- ^ "Directors of The Office of Management and Budget and The Bureau of the Budget". Office of Management and Budget(Archived). Retrieved 18 October 2009.
External links[edit]
- United States Office of Management and Budget website, as of Jan 19 2017
- Office of Management and Budget in the Federal Register
- Budget of the United States government and supplements, 1923–present
- Death and Taxes: 2009 A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal discretionary budget request as prepared by OMB
- "The Decision Makers: Office of Management and Budget" GovExec.com, August 22, 2005
- OMB regulatory officials (by administration)
- History OMB regulatory review program