Isoxsuprine
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | eye-SOCK-syoo-preen |
| Trade names | Duvadilan, Vasodilan |
| MedlinePlus | a682831 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral (tablets) |
| ATC code | C04AA01 (WHO) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ~100% (humans),[1] 2.2% (horses; oral)[2] |
| Onset of action | 1 hour |
| Biological half-life | <3 hours (horses)[3] |
| Excretion | Mainly renal |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | 395-28-8 |
| PubChem (CID) | 3783 |
| DrugBank | DB08941 |
| ChemSpider | 3651  |
| UNII | R15UI3245N |
| KEGG | D08092 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1197051  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.272 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H23NO3 |
| Molar mass | 301.39 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
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Isoxsuprine (used as isoxsuprine hydrochloride) is a drug used as a vasodilator[4] in humans (under the trade name Duvadilan) and equines. Isoxsuprine is a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle via β2 receptors.[5]
Contents
Use[edit]
In humans[edit]
Isoxsuprine it is used in humans for treatment of premature labor, i.e. a tocolytic,[6] and as a vasodilator for the treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, and other conditions.[7]
Isoxsuprine may increase the heart rate, cause changes in blood pressure, and irritate the GI tract. It should therefore be used with caution if combined with other drugs that affect blood pressure, such as sedatives and anesthetic drugs.
In horses[edit]
Isoxsuprine is most commonly used to treat hoof-related problems in the horse, most commonly for laminitis and navicular disease, as its effects as a vasodilator are thought to increase circulation within the hoof to help counteract the problems associated with these conditions. Isoxsuprine is given orally, and many horses find the pills quite palatable.[8] Isoxsuprine is a prohibited class B drug in FEI-regulated competition, and is often prohibited by other equine associations. It may be detected in the urine for several weeks or months following administration. It is therefore important to check the drug-rules within an animal's given competitive organization, before administering the drug.
Because it is a vasodilator, it should not be used in horses that are bleeding, or in mares following foaling.
References[edit]
- ^ McGuigan, Michael A.; Whyte, Ian MacGregor; Dawson, Andrew H.; Seifert, Steven A.; Schonwald, Seth; Yip, Luke; Keyes, Daniel C.; Hurlbut, Katherine M.; Erdman, Andrew R.; Dart, Richard C. (2004). "125. Vasodilators". In Dart, Richard C. Medical Toxicology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 718. ISBN 0781728452.
- ^ Erkert, RS; Macallister, CG (April 2002). "Isoxsuprine hydrochloride in the horse: a review". Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 25 (2): 81–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00386.x. PMID 12000527.
- ^ Cole, Cynthia; Bentz, Bradford; Maxwell, Lara, eds. (2014). "13. Clinical pharmacology of the equine musculoskeletal system". Equine pharmacology. Wiley—Blackwell. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-8138-2262-4.
- ^ Gozo EG, Yebes RB (November 1984). "Hemodynamic effects of isoxsuprine in cardiac failure". Chest. 86 (5): 736–40. doi:10.1378/chest.86.5.736. PMID 6488912.
- ^ Falkay, G.; Kovács, L. (1986). "Affinity of tocolytic agents on human placental and myometrial beta-adrenergic receptors". Journal of perinatal medicine. 14 (2): 109–113. doi:10.1515/jpme.1986.14.2.109. PMID 2874205.
- ^ Giorgino, F. L.; Egan, C. G. (2010). "Use of isoxsuprine hydrochloride as a tocolytic agent in the treatment of preterm labour: A systematic review of previous literature". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 60 (7): 415–20. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1296305. PMID 20712130.
- ^ Drugs.com: Isoxsuprine
- ^ Forney, Barbara C (2007). Equine Medications. Lexington, KY: Blood Horse Publications.
