Diclazepam
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
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| Clinical data | |
| Routes of administration |
Oral, sublingual |
| Legal status | |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Biological half-life | ~42 hours[1] |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 2894-68-0  |
| PubChem | CID 76168 |
| ChemSpider | 68652 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C16H12Cl2N2O |
| Molar mass | 319.185 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
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Diclazepam (Ro5-3448), also known as chlorodiazepam and 2'-chloro-diazepam, is a benzodiazepine designer drug and functional analog of diazepam. It was first synthesized by Leo Sternbach and his team at Hoffman-La Roche in 1960.[2] It is not currently approved for use as a medication, but rather sold as a designer drug.[3][4] Efficacy and safety have not been tested in humans.
In animal models, its effects are similar to diazepam, possessing long-acting anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, and amnestic properties.[citation needed]
Metabolism[edit]
Metabolism of this compound has been assessed,[1] revealing diclazepam has an approximate elimination half-life of 42 hours and undergoes N-demethylation to delorazepam, which can be detected in urine for 6 days following administration of the parent compound.[5] Other metabolites detected were lorazepam and lormetazepam which were detectable in urine for 19 and 11 days, respectively, indicating hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 enzymes occurring concurrently with N-demethylation. The protein-binding of this compound has not been analysed but the figures for the metabolites are, delorazepam >90%,[6] lorazepam 91.5% (parenterally) & 85% (orally)[7] and delorazepam >90%.[6]
See also[edit]
- Benzodiazepine
- Diazepam
- Delorazepam (Nordiclazepam)
- Lorazepam
- Phenazepam
- Ro5-4864 (4'-Chlorodiazepam)
References[edit]
- ^ a b Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (July–August 2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7-8): 757–63. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID 24604775.
- ^ US 3136815, "Amino substituted benzophenone oximes and derivatives thereof"
- ^ Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand; Anders Helander; Therese Hansson; Olof Beck (2016). "Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays". Drug Testing and Analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.2003. PMID 27366870.
- ^ Høiseth, Gudrun; Tuv, Silja Skogstad; Karinen, Ritva (2016). "Blood concentrations of new designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases". Forensic Science International. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.006.
- ^ Bareggi SR, Truci G, Leva S, Zecca L, Pirola R, Smirne S (1988). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and oral chlordesmethyldiazepam in humans". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 34 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1007/bf01061430. PMID 2896126.
- ^ a b http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01511
- ^ http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00186
