बोलिभिया
स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोश, नेपाली विकिपिडियाबाट
Plurinational State of Bolivia
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (स्पेनी)
Bulivya Mamallaqta ढाँचा:Qu icon Wuliwya Suyu ढाँचा:Ay icon |
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राष्ट्रिय वाक्य: ¡La unión es la fuerza! "The unity is the strength" (स्पेनी) [१] |
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राष्ट्रगान: Himno Nacional de Bolivia (स्पेनी) |
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Wiphala of Qulla Suyu:[२]![]() |
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राजधानी | Sucre (constitutional capital)[३][४] १९°२′ दक्षिण ६५°१५′ पश्चिम / १९.०३३° दक्षिण ६५.२५०° पश्चिम La Paz (administrative capital)[४] १६°३०′ दक्षिण ६८°०९′ पश्चिम / १६.५००° दक्षिण ६८.१५०° पश्चिम |
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ठूलो शहर | Santa Cruz de la Sierra १७°४८′ दक्षिण ६३°१०′ पश्चिम / १७.८००° दक्षिण ६३.१६७° पश्चिम |
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सरकारी भाषा | Spanish Quechua Aymara and 34 other native languages[५][६] |
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धर्म | 55% Amerindian (Quechua, Aymara and 34 other ethnic groups) 30% Mestizo 15% White[७] |
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नागरिकता | Bolivian | |||||
सरकारको प्रकार | Unitary Presidential Republic | |||||
- | President | Evo Morales | ||||
- | Vice President | Álvaro García | ||||
Independence | from स्पेन | |||||
- | Declared | 6 August 1825 | ||||
- | Recognized | 21 July 1847 | ||||
- | Current constitution | February 7, 2009 |
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क्षेत्रफल | ||||||
- | जम्मा | १,०९८,५८१ वर्ग किमी (28th) ४२४,१६३ वर्ग माइल |
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- | जलक्षेत्र (%) | 1.29 | ||||
जनसंख्या | ||||||
- | 2010 अनुमान | ▲10,907,778[८] (84th) | ||||
- | जनगणना 2001 | 8,280,184 | ||||
- | जनघनत्व | 8.9/वर्ग किमी (220th) २३/वर्ग माइल |
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जिडिपी (पीपीपी) | 2010 अनुमान | |||||
- | जम्मा | $47.882 billion[९] | ||||
- | प्रतिव्यक्ति आय | $4,592[९] | ||||
जिडिपी (नाम मात्र) | 2011 अनुमान | |||||
- | जम्मा | $22.778 billion[९] | ||||
- | प्रतिव्यक्ति आय | $2,143[९] | ||||
गिनी (2009) | 58.2[१०] (high) | |||||
मानव विकास सूचकांक (2011) | ▲ 0.663[११] (medium) (108th) | |||||
मुद्रा | Boliviano (BOB ) |
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समय क्षेत्र | (युटिसी-4) | |||||
सडक प्रयोग | right | |||||
इन्टरनेट टिएलडी | .bo | |||||
टेलिफोन कोड | +591 |
विषयसूची
परिचय[सम्पादन गर्ने]
बोलिभिया(स्पेनिस: [boliˈβja]) आधिकारिक रूपमा प्लुरिनेशनल स्टेट अफ बोलिभिया मध्य दक्षिण अमेरिकि भुपरिवेष्ठित मुलुक हो। यो देश दक्षिण अमेरिकाको सबैभन्दा गरीब राष्ट्र पनि हो। यसको पुर्व र उत्तरमा ब्राजिल, दक्षिणमा पाराग्वे र अर्जेन्टिना, दक्षिण पश्चिममा चिले र पश्चिममा पेरु रहेका छन्। यो देशको राजधानी लापाज र सुकर हुन्। यहाँको मुख्य भाषा स्पेनिस हो।
Sánchez de Lozada and Banzer: देश लाई उदार गराउने[सम्पादन गर्ने]
भुगोल[सम्पादन गर्ने]
Territorial division of Bolivia | ||||||
Department | Abbreviation (ISO) |
Population | Surface (km²) | Density | Capital city | ![]() |
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BO | 10.027.644 | 1.098.581 | 9,1 | Sucre (Constitutional) Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Administrative) |
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BO-B | 430.049 | 213.564 | 1,9 | Trinidad | |
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BO-H | 631.062 | 51.524 | 11,9 | Sucre | |
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BO-C | 1.786.040 | 55.631 | 22,7 | Cochabamba | |
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BO-L | 2.756.989 | 133.985 | 19,9 | La Paz | |
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BO-O | 444.093 | 53.558 | 8,2 | Oruro | |
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BO-N | 75.335 | 63.827 | 1,1 | Cobija | |
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BO-P | 780.392 | 118.218 | 6,5 | Potosí | |
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BO-S | 2.626.697 | 370.621 | 7,1 | Santa Cruz de la Sierra | |
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BO-T | 496.988 | 37.623 | 12,5 | Tarija | |
Source: Demographic Projections 2008, Bolivian National Demographic Institute.[१२] The departmental densitiy has been calculated with the population of 2006. |
Fauna and Flora of Bolivia | |||||||
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Leopardus pardalis Ocelot |
Saimiri boliviensis Black-capped squirrel monkey |
Phoenicopterus andinus Andean Flamingo |
Lama glama Llama |
Inia boliviensis Amazon river dolphin |
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Heliconia rostrata Patujú |
Echinopsis boyuibensis Boyuibe cactus |
Ceiba speciosa Toborochi |
Swietenia macrophylla Mara |
Cantua buxifolia Cantuta |
Territorial limits[सम्पादन गर्ने]
Boundaries | |||
Country | Terrestrial | Maritime | Total |
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471 | 302 | 773 |
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750 | 2.673¹ | 3.423 |
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830 | 20 | 850 |
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634 | 57 | 741 |
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513 | 534² | 1.047 |
Terrestrial | 3.469 | ||
Maritime | 3.579 | ||
Total | 6.834 | ||
Notes:
1 =From the 2.673 kilometers of maritime boundaries with Brazil, 95 kilometers are lakes, being the rest rivers. |
ईतिहास[सम्पादन गर्ने]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20161116073046im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Llama_en_la_laguna_Colorada_Potos%C3%AD_Bolivia.jpg/220px-Llama_en_la_laguna_Colorada_Potos%C3%AD_Bolivia.jpg)
A llama in the Laguna Colorada, a shallow salt lake in the southwestern Bolivian sector of the Altiplano.
राजनिति र प्रशासन[सम्पादन गर्ने]
चित्र:La paz Bolivia view 2008.jpg
La Paz skyline. The city is the highest capital in the world.
सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू[सम्पादन गर्ने]
- ↑ "Central Bank of Bolivia". The Bolivian coin. http://www.bcb.gov.bo/sitio/monedas/ligera/monedas/m10c.html. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 2006-08-04.
- ↑ Article 6, section II of the new Bolivian constitution establishes the Wiphala as a national symbol of Bolivia (along with the flag, national anthem and coat of arms). See "Bandera indígena boliviana es incluida como símbolo patrio en nueva Constitución", October 21, 2008, United Press International.
- ↑ "Artículo 6. I. Sucre es la Capital de Bolivia." (Article 6. I. Sucre is the capital of Bolivia.) Constitution of Bolivia
- ↑ ४.० ४.१ CIA - The World Factbook
- ↑ Bolivian Constitution, Article 5-I: Son idiomas oficiales del Estado el castellano y todos los idiomas de las naciones y pueblos indígena originario campesinos, que son el aymara, araona, baure, bésiro, canichana, cavineño, cayubaba, chácobo, chimán, ese ejja, Guaraní, guarasu'we, guarayu, itonama, leco, machajuyai-kallawaya, machineri, maropa, mojeño-trinitario, mojeño-ignaciano, moré, mosetén, movima, pacawara, puquina, quechua, sirionó, tacana, tapieté, toromona, uru-chipaya, weenhayek, yawanawa, yuki, yuracaré y zamuco.
- ↑ "Kids Encyclopedia". Kids.britannica.com. 8 February 2009. http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/atlas?geogId=31. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 30 August 2010.
- ↑ "The World Factbook – Bolivia". CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 30 March 2010.
- ↑ "Bolivia". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. http://www.webcitation.org/6DnKb7gti. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 7 January 2010.
- ↑ ९.० ९.१ ९.२ ९.३ "Bolivia". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=25&pr1.y=4&c=218&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC&grp=0&a=. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 8 December 2011.
- ↑ "Distribution of family income – Gini index". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 31 August 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2010". United Nations. 2011. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf. अन्तिम पहुँच मिति: 9 November 2011.
- ↑ [१]
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विकिमिडिया कमन्समा अरु धेरै सामग्रीहरू छन्: Bolivia |