President of Bolivia
President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia |
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![]() Coat of arms of Bolivia
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Residence | Palacio Quemado |
Appointer | Direct popular election |
Term length | Five years, renewable once |
Inaugural holder | Simón Bolívar |
Formation | 11 August 1825 |
Website | www.presidencia.gob.bo |
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Bolivia |
Presidency
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The President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia) or President of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term, renewable once.[1] Since 2009, if no candidate wins a majority, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election. Prior to 2009, if no candidate won half the popular vote, the president was chosen by a vote in a joint legislative session from among the top two candidates (prior to 1995, the top three candidates were eligible).
The current President of Bolivia is Evo Morales, since 22 January 2006. He was elected in 2005, and reelected in 2009 and again in 2014. On October 17, 2015, Morales surpassed Andrés de Santa Cruz's nine years, eight months, and twenty-four days in office to become the president with the longest unbroken term in office.[2] Víctor Paz Estenssoro is the longest-serving president with just over 12 years in office, but these terms were nonconsecutive.
Contents
History[edit]
During its more than 191 years of independence, Bolivia has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, more than 190 coups and violence.
Different titles have been used, such as "Liberator of Bolivia" (used by Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre), and "Supreme Protector" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz).
The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as President of Bolivia.
List of Presidents of Bolivia[edit]
No. | Picture | Name (Birth–Death) |
Began office | Left office | Party | Title(s) |
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1 | ![]() |
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830) |
11 August 1825 | 29 December 1825 | Independent | Liberator of Bolivia |
2 | ![]() |
Antonio José de Sucre (1795–1830) |
29 December 1825 | 18 April 1828 | Independent | Liberator of Bolivia (29 December 1825 – 19 June 1826) President (19 June 1826 – 18 April 1828) |
3 | ![]() |
José María Pérez de Urdininea (1784–1865) |
18 April 1828 | 2 August 1828 | Independent | President |
4 | ![]() |
José Miguel de Velasco Franco (1795–1859) |
2 August 1828 | 18 December 1828 | Independent | Acting President |
5 | ![]() |
Pedro Blanco Soto (1795–1829) |
18 December 1828 | 1 January 1829 | Independent | Provisional President |
6 | ![]() |
José Miguel de Velasco Franco (1795–1859) |
1 January 1829 | 24 May 1829 | Independent | Acting President |
7 | ![]() |
Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) |
24 May 1829 | 20 February 1839 | Independent | Provisional President (29 May 1829 – 15 August 1831) President (15 August 1831 – 20 February 1839) Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (28 October 1836 – 20 February 1839) |
8 | ![]() |
José Miguel de Velasco Franco (1795–1859) |
20 February 1839 | 10 June 1841 | Independent | Provisional Supreme Chief (20 February 1839 – 16 June 1839) Provisional President (16 June 1839 – 15 August 1840) President (15 August 1840 – 10 June 1841) |
9 | ![]() |
Sebastián Ágreda (1795–1875) |
10 June 1841 | 9 July 1841 | Independent | Provisional Chief |
10 | ![]() |
Mariano Calvo (1782–1842) |
9 July 1841 | 22 September 1841 | Independent | Acting President |
11 | ![]() |
José Ballivián (1805–1852) |
22 September 1841 | 23 December 1847 | Independent | Provisional President (22 September 1841 – 15 August 1844) President (15 August 1844 – 23 December 1847) |
12 | ![]() |
Eusebio Guilarte Vera (1805–1849) |
23 December 1847 | 2 January 1848 | Independent | Interim President |
13 | ![]() |
José Miguel de Velasco Franco (1795–1859) |
18 January 1848 | 6 December 1848 | Independent | Provisional President |
14 | ![]() |
Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1808–1865) |
6 December 1848 | 15 August 1855 | Independent | Provisional President (6 December 1848 – 15 August 1850) President (15 August 1850 – 15 August 1855) |
15 | ![]() |
Jorge Córdova (1808–1865) |
15 August 1855 | 21 October 1857 | Independent | President |
16 | ![]() |
José María Linares (1822–1861) |
21 October 1857 | 14 January 1861 | Independent | Provisional President (21 October 1857 – 1858) Dictator for Life (1858 – 14 January 1861) |
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Government Junta | 14 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | Independent | Members: Ruperto Fernández José María Achá Manuel Antonio Sánchez (to 9 April 1861) |
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17 | ![]() |
José María Achá (1810–1868) |
4 May 1861 | 28 December 1864 | Independent | Provisional President (4 May 1861 – 15 August 1862) President (15 August 1862 – 28 December 1864) |
18 | ![]() |
Mariano Melgarejo (1820–1871) |
28 December 1864 | 15 January 1871 | Independent | Provisional President (28 December 1864 – 15 August 1870) President (15 August 1870 – 15 January 1871) |
19 | ![]() |
Agustín Morales (1808–1872) |
15 January 1871 | 27 November 1872 | Independent | Supreme Chief of the Revolution (15 January 1871 – 21 January 1871) Provisional President (21 January 1871 – 25 August 1872) President (25 August 1872 – 27 November 1872) |
20 | ![]() |
Tomás Frías Ametller (1804–1884) |
28 November 1872 | 9 May 1873 | Independent | President |
21 | ![]() |
Adolfo Ballivián (1831–1874) |
9 May 1873 | 14 February 1874 | Independent | President |
22 | ![]() |
Tomás Frías Ametller (1804–1884) |
14 February 1874 | 4 May 1876 | Independent | President |
23 | ![]() |
Hilarión Daza (1840–1894) |
4 May 1876 | 17 April 1879 | Independent | President |
24 | ![]() |
Pedro José Domingo de Guerra (1809–1879) |
17 April 1879 | 10 September 1879 | Independent | President |
25 | ![]() |
Narciso Campero (1813–1896) |
19 January 1880 | 3 September 1884 | Conservative Party | President |
26 | ![]() |
Gregorio Pacheco (1823–1899) |
3 September 1884 | 15 August 1888 | Democratic Party | President |
27 | ![]() |
Aniceto Arce (1824–1906) |
15 August 1888 | 11 August 1892 | Conservative Party | President |
28 | ![]() |
Mariano Baptista (1832–1907) |
11 August 1892 | 19 August 1896 | Conservative Party | President |
29 | ![]() |
Severo Fernández (1849–1925) |
19 August 1896 | 12 April 1899 | Conservative Party | President |
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Government Junta | 12 April 1899 | 25 October 1899 | Members: José Manuel Pando Serapio Reyes Ortiz Macario Pinilla Vargas |
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30 | ![]() |
José Manuel Pando (1849–1917) |
25 October 1899 | 14 August 1904 | Liberal Party | President |
31 | ![]() |
Ismael Montes (1861–1933) |
14 August 1904 | 12 October 1909 | Liberal Party | President |
32 | ![]() |
Eliodoro Villazón (1848–1939) |
12 October 1909 | 14 October 1913 | Liberal Party | President |
33 | ![]() |
Ismael Montes (1861–1933) |
14 October 1913 | 15 October 1917 | Liberal Party | President |
34 | ![]() |
José Gutiérrez Guerra (1869–1929) |
15 October 1917 | 12 July 1920 | Liberal Party | President |
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Government Junta | 13 July 1920 | 28 January 1921 | Members: Bautista Saavedra José María Escalier José Manuel Ramírez |
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35 | ![]() |
Bautista Saavedra (1870–1939) |
28 January 1921 | 3 September 1925 | Socialist Republican Party | President |
36 | ![]() |
Felipe S. Guzmán (1879–1932) |
3 September 1925 | 10 January 1926 | Socialist Republican Party | Provisional President |
37 | ![]() |
Hernando Siles Reyes (1882–1942) |
10 January 1926 | 28 May 1930 | Nationalist Party | President |
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Council of Ministers | 28 May 1930 | 25 June 1930 | Members: Alberto Díez de Medina Germán Antelo Arauz (to 17 June 1930) Franklin Mercado David Toro José Aguirre Achá Fidel Vega Carlos Banzer Ezequiel Romecín Calderón (from 17 June 1930) |
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38 | ![]() |
Carlos Blanco Galindo (1882–1943) |
28 June 1930 | 5 March 1931 | Military | Chairman of the Military Government Junta Members: |
39 | ![]() |
Daniel Salamanca Urey (1869–1935) |
5 March 1931 | 27 November 1934 | Genuine Republican Party | President |
40 | ![]() |
José Luis Tejada Sorzano (1882–1938) |
28 November 1934 | 17 May 1936 | Liberal Party | President |
41 | ![]() |
Germán Busch (1904–1939) |
17 May 1936 | 20 May 1936 | Military | Chairman of the Government Junta |
42 | ![]() |
David Toro (1898–1977) |
20 May 1936 | 13 July 1937 | Military | Chairman of the Government Junta |
43 | ![]() |
Germán Busch (1904–1939) |
13 July 1937 | 23 August 1939 | Military | Chairman of the Government Junta (13 July 1937 – 28 May 1938) President (28 May 1938 – 23 August 1939) |
44 | ![]() |
Carlos Quintanilla (1888–1964) |
23 August 1939 | 15 April 1940 | Military | Provisional President |
45 | ![]() |
Enrique Peñaranda (1892–1969) |
15 April 1940 | 20 December 1943 | Concordance | President |
46 | ![]() |
Gualberto Villarroel (1908–1946) |
20 December 1943 | 21 July 1946 | Military | Chairman of the Government Junta (20 December 1943 – 5 April 1944) Provisional President (5 April 1944 – 6 August 1944) President (6 August 1944 – 21 July 1946) |
47 | ![]() |
Néstor Guillén (1890–1966) |
21 July 1946 | 15 August 1946 | Independent | Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta |
48 | ![]() |
Tomás Monje (1884–1954) |
15 August 1946 | 10 March 1947 | Independent | Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta |
49 | ![]() |
Enrique Hertzog (1896–1980) |
10 March 1947 | 22 October 1949 | Republican Socialist Unity Party | President |
50 | ![]() |
Mamerto Urriolagoitía (1895–1974) |
22 October 1949 | 16 May 1951 | Republican Socialist Unity Party | Acting President (22 October 1949 – 24 October 1949) President (24 October 1949 – 16 May 1951) |
51 | ![]() |
Hugo Ballivián (1901–1993) |
16 May 1951 | 11 April 1952 | Military | Chairman of the Military Junta |
52 | ![]() |
Hernán Siles Zuazo (1914–1996) |
11 April 1952 | 16 April 1952 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | Provisional President |
53 | ![]() |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1907–2001) |
16 April 1952 | 6 August 1956 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
54 | ![]() |
Hernán Siles Zuazo (1914–1996) |
6 August 1956 | 6 August 1960 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
55 | ![]() |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1907–2001) |
6 August 1960 | 4 November 1964 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
56 | ![]() |
René Barrientos (1919–1969) |
5 November 1964 | 26 May 1965 | Military | Chairman of the Military Junta |
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René Barrientos (1919–1969) |
26 May 1965 | 2 January 1966 | Military | Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta | |
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Alfredo Ovando Candía (1918–1982) |
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57 | ![]() |
Alfredo Ovando Candía (1918–1982) |
2 January 1966 | 6 August 1966 | Military | Chairman of the Military Junta |
58 | ![]() |
René Barrientos (1919–1969) |
6 August 1966 | 27 April 1969 | Popular Christian Movement | President |
59 | ![]() |
Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas (1925–2005) |
27 April 1969 | 26 September 1969 | Social Democratic Party | President |
60 | ![]() |
Alfredo Ovando Candía (1918–1982) |
26 September 1969 | 6 October 1970 | Military | President |
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Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970 | 6 October 1970 | 7 October 1971 | Military | Members: Efraín Guachalla Ibáñez Fernando Sattori Ribera Alberto Albarracín Crespo |
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61 | Juan José Torres (1920–1976) |
7 October 1970 | 21 August 1971 | Military | President | |
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Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971 | 21 August 1971 | 22 August 1971 | Military | Members: Andrés Selich Chop Hugo Banzer Jaime Florentino Mendieta Vargas |
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62 | ![]() |
Hugo Banzer (1926–2002) |
22 August 1971 | 21 July 1978 | Military | President |
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Víctor González Fuentes | 21 July 1978 | 21 July 1978 | Military | Chairman of the Military Junta | |
63 | ![]() |
Juan Pereda (1931–2012) |
21 July 1978 | 24 November 1978 | Military | President |
64 | ![]() |
David Padilla (1927–2016) |
24 November 1978 | 8 August 1979 | Military | Chairman of the Military Junta |
65 | ![]() |
Wálter Guevara (1912–1996) |
8 August 1979 | 1 November 1979 | Authentic Revolutionary Party | Acting President |
66 | ![]() |
Alberto Natusch (1933–1994) |
1 November 1979 | 16 November 1979 | Military | President |
67 | ![]() |
Lidia Gueiler Tejada (1921–2011) |
16 November 1979 | 17 July 1980 | Revolutionary Left Front | Acting President |
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Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980 | 17 July 1980 | 18 July 1981 | Military | Members: Luis García Meza Tejada Waldo Bernal Pereira Ramiro Terrazas Rodríguez |
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68 | ![]() |
Luis García Meza Tejada (1929–) |
18 July 1980 | 4 August 1981 | Military | President |
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Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1981 | 4 August 1981 | 4 September 1981 | Military | Members: Waldo Bernal Pereira Celso Torrelio Óscar Jaime Pammo |
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69 | ![]() |
Celso Torrelio (1933–1999) |
4 September 1981 | 19 July 1982 | Military | President |
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Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1982 | 19 July 1982 | 21 July 1982 | Military | Members: Natalio Morales Mosquera Óscar Jaime Pammo Ángel Mariscal Gómez |
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70 | ![]() |
Guido Vildoso (1937–) |
21 July 1982 | 10 October 1982 | Military | President |
71 | ![]() |
Hernán Siles Zuazo (1914–1996) |
10 October 1982 | 6 August 1985 | Democratic and Popular Union | President |
72 | ![]() |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1907–2001) |
6 August 1985 | 6 August 1989 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
73 | ![]() |
Jaime Paz Zamora (1939–) |
6 August 1989 | 6 August 1993 | Revolutionary Left Movement | President |
74 | ![]() |
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (1930–) |
6 August 1993 | 6 August 1997 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
75 | ![]() |
Hugo Banzer (1926–2002) |
6 August 1997 | 7 August 2001 | Nationalist Democratic Action | President |
76 | ![]() |
Jorge Quiroga (1960–) |
7 August 2001 | 6 August 2002 | Nationalist Democratic Action | President |
77 | ![]() |
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (1930–) |
6 August 2002 | 17 October 2003 | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | President |
78 | ![]() |
Carlos Mesa (1953–) |
17 October 2003 | 9 June 2005 | Independent | President |
79 | ![]() |
Eduardo Rodríguez (1956–) |
9 June 2005 | 22 January 2006 | Independent | President |
80 | ![]() |
Evo Morales (1959–) |
22 January 2006 | Incumbent | Movement for Socialism | President |
Historical reputation[edit]
In 1983, a poll was taken by the newspaper Última Hora to determine which seven historical presidents were regarded as most significant. The "winners" were Antonio José de Sucre, Andrés de Santa Cruz, Manuel Isidoro Belzu, Mariano Melgarejo, Aniceto Arce, Ismael Montes, and Víctor Paz Estenssoro.
Latest election[edit]
Party | Presidential candidate | Votes | % | Seats | |||
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Chamber | Senate | ||||||
Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | ||||
Movement for Socialism | Evo Morales | 3,173,304 | 61.36 | 88 | 0 | 25 | –1 |
Democrat Unity | Samuel Doria Medina | 1,253,288 | 24.23 | 32 | – | 9 | – |
Christian Democratic Party | Jorge Quiroga | 467,311 | 9.04 | 10 | – | 2 | – |
Movement without Fear | Juan del Granado | 140,285 | 2.71 | 0 | –4 | 0 | – |
Green Party of Bolivia | Fernando Vargas | 137,240 | 2.65 | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Invalid/blank votes | 316,248 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 5,487,676 | 100 | 130 | 0 | 36 | 0 | |
Registered voters/turnout | 5,971,152 | 91.90 | – | – | – | – | |
Source: TSE |
Presidential succession[edit]
In the event of the death or permanent incapacity of the President, the Vice President of Bolivia would assume the office. The President of the Senate and the President of the Chamber of Deputies are third and fourth in the line of succession. In the 2005 political crisis, with all of these positions exhausted, Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé, the Chief Justice of the Bolivian Supreme Court, assumed the presidency. Under the 2009 Constitution, however, the assumption of power by the President of the Chamber of Deputies automatically precipitates an election within 90 days.[3]
Acting President[edit]
In the case of temporary incapacity or absence from the country, the title of Acting President (Spanish: Presidente en ejercicio) is transferred to lower officials according to the order of presidential succession. In September 2012, Senate President Gabriela Montaño became the first woman to assume this office since the presidency of Lidia Gueiler Tejada.[4]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html
- ^ Quiroga T., José Antonio (2015-10-11). "Andrés de Santa Cruz y Evo Morales". Página Siete. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
- ^ "Artículo 169: En caso de impedimento o ausencia definitiva de la Presidenta o del Presidente del Estado, será reemplazada o reemplazado en el cargo por la Vicepresidenta o el Vicepresidente y, a falta de ésta o éste, por la Presidenta o el Presidente del Senado, y a falta de ésta o éste por la Presidente o el Presidente de la Cámara de Diputados. En este último caso, se convocarán nuevas elecciones en el plazo máximo de noventa días." "Segunda Parte, Título II, Capítulo Primero". Nueva Constitución Política del Estado (PDF). pp. 36–37. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ Corz, Carlos (23 September 2012). "Montaño asume la Presidencia interina de Bolivia, Evo va a la ONU y hablará del mar". La Razón. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
External links[edit]
- (Spanish) Gallery of Presidents of Bolivia