Reference

Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. The second object—the one to which the first object refers—is called the referent of the first object.

References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other,spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of these are described in the sections below.

Etymology and meanings

The word reference is derived from Middle English referren, from Middle French référer, from Latin referre, "to carry back", formed from the prefix re- and ferre, "to bear". A number of words derive from the same root, including refer, referee, referential, referent, referendum.

Channel Frederator Network

The Channel Frederator Network is an American animation Multi Channel Network (MCN) founded by Fred Seibert and managed by Frederator Networks.

In 2012, Frederator Studios began producing television-quality cartoons for the Internet as part of the $100 Million YouTube Original Channel Initiative, and has since produced two successful series and many successful shorts for its YouTube Channel Cartoon Hangover, including Pendleton Ward’s “Bravest Warriors” and Natasha Allegri’s “Bee and PuppyCat”. As of September 2014, Channel Frederator Network has generated more than one billion views, and averages more than 60 million video views a month, across its network of more than 700 channels.

Among its leading channels are FilmCow (just under 1 million subscribers), Cartoon Hangover (over 1 million subscribers), and recently added Simon's Cat (just over 2,800,000 subscribers) [4], which is YouTube’s #2 animated channel. Once part of the network, Channel Frederator handles all advertising and distribution for its channels on YouTube, promoting the show and its licensed merchandise; the network also provides on-demand consulting, and weekly events for open to all network members.

The Simpsons

The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television, and many aspects of the human condition.

The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with the producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and was an early hit for Fox, becoming the network's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989–90).

Since its debut on December 17, 1989, the series has broadcast 587 episodes. It is currently airing its 27th season. The Simpsons is the longest-running American sitcom, the longest-running American animated program, and in 2009 it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series. The Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4, 2015, the series was officially renewed for seasons twenty-seven (2015–16) and twenty-eight (2016–17), consisting of 22 episodes each.