Bozal Spanish
| Bozal Spanish | |
|---|---|
| Zpañol Bozall | |
| Native to | The Americas |
| Extinct | 1850 |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
Bozal Spanish is a possible extinct Spanish-based creole language that may have been a mixture of Spanish and Congolese, with Portuguese influences.[1] Attestation is insufficient to indicate whether Bozal Spanish was ever a single, coherent or stable language, or if the term merely referred to any idiolect of Spanish that included African elements. The Spanish distinguished negros ladinos[2]("Latinate Negros", those who spent more than a year in a Spanish-speaking territory) and negros bozales (those just brought from Africa[3])
Bozal Spanish was spoken by African slaves in Cuba[1] and other areas of South and Central America from the 17th century up until its possible extinction at around 1850.[4] Although Bozal Spanish is extinct as a language, its influence still exists. [4] In some Cuban folk religious rituals today, people speak what they call "Bozal".[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Clements, J. Clancy. "Bozal Spanish of Cuba", The Linguistic Legacy of Spanish and Portuguese, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 9780511576171
- ^ esclavo ladino in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.
- ^ bozal in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.
- ^ a b Lipski, John M. "Where and how does bozal Spanish survive?", Spanish in Contact: Policy, Social and Linguistic Inquiries, John Benjamins Publishing Co., 2007.
- ^ Wirtz, Kristina. 2014. Performing Afro-Cuba: Image, Voice, Spectacle in the Making of Race and History. [See Chapter 4.] Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-11905-2
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