Mongolian calendar

The traditional Mongol calendar (Mongolian: цаглабар, Tsaglabar or цаг тооны бичиг, Tsag toony bichig) is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir (Сүмбэ хамбо Ишбалжир, Sümbe khambo Ishbaljir; 1704–1788). The Mongol year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.

The Mongol new year celebration is Tsagaan sar which is celebrated two months after the first new moon following the winter solstice.

In modern Mongolia, the Gregorian calendar is used, with the traditional calendar only used for traditional celebrations and events based on it.

The European system of chronology is called Аргын тоолол (Argyn Toolol, chronology of method) and the Mongol system of chronology is called Билгийн тоолол (Bilgiin Toolol, chronology of wisdom).

Argyn Toolol

Months

The twelve months of the year are referred to by their number, such as first month, second month, and so on.

Number	English name	Mongolian name	Pronunciation
1	January	Нэгдүгээр сар	Negdügeer sar
2	February	Хоёрдугаар сар	Hoyordugaar sar
3	March	Гуравдугаар сар	Guravdugaar sar
4	April	Дөрөвдүгээр сар	Dörövdugeer sar
5	May	Тавдугаар сар	Tavdugaar sar
6	June	Зургадугаар сар	Zurgadugaar sar
7	July	Долоодугаар сар	Doloodugaar sar
8	August	Наймдугаар сар	Naimdugaar sar
9	September	Есдүгээр сар	Yösdügeer sar
10	October	Аравдугаар сар	Aravdugaar sar
11	November	Арван нэгдүгээр сар	Arvan negdügeer sar
12	December	Арван хоёрдугаар сар	Arvan hoyordugaar sar

Days of the week

In colloquial usage, the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day, second day, etc. Saturday is referred to as Hagas sain ödör (translation: half-good day), and Sunday is referred to as Büten sain ödör (translation: full good day), a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era.

The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings, and almost exclusively in written documents, while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage.

Number	Colloquial	Pronunciation	Tibetan origin	Pronunciation	Sanskrit origin	Pronunciation
1	Нэг дахь өдөр	Neg dakhi ödör	Даваа гараг(Сар)	Davaa	Сумъяа	Sumiyaa
2	Хоёр дахь өдөр	Hoyor dakhi ödör	Мягмар гараг	Myagmar garig	Ангараг	Angarag
3	Гурав дахь өдөр	Gurav dakhi ödör	Лхагва гараг	Lkhagva garig	Буд	Bud
4	Дөрөв дэх өдөр	Döröv dakhi ödör	Пүрэв гараг	Pürev garig	Бархасбадь	Barkhasbadi
5	Тав дахь өдөр	Tav dakhi ödör	Баасан гараг	Baasan garig	Сугар	Sughar
6	Хагас сайн өдөр	Khagas sain ödör	Бямба гараг	Byamba garig	Санчир	Sanchir
7	Бүтэн сайн өдөр	Büten sain ödör	Ням гараг(Нар)	Nyam garig	Адъяа	Adiya

See also

• Public holidays in Mongolia