Women remained significantly under-represented in nominations for Australia Day honours in 2017, with men six times more likely to be nominated for achievements in law and media and 20 times more likely in science, technology and research.
Men were nominated at more than twice the rate of women for Thursday's honours, with no female nominations in six of the 31 categories.
Figures provided by the office of Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove show 651 men were nominated for the general division of the Order of Australia awards, compared with 320 women.
The Honours List recognised 475 men and just 252 women.
Men outnumbered nominations for women in every category, with areas including building and construction, engineering, information technology and surveying and mapping attracting no female nominations.
If every woman nominated in 2017 had been successful, women would have still only made up 44 per cent of the award recipients.
Among categories with more than 10 nominations, women were worst-represented in science, technological developments and research and development (one woman and 20 men), law (three women and 18 men) and media (three women and 18 men).
The only categories with no male nominations were library and related occupations (one woman and no men) and veterinary science (no nominations).
The largest numbers of women were nominated in the community affairs category, sport and medicine.
Despite their lower rate of nominations, women who were put forward were more likely than ever to receive awards, with 78.8 per cent of female nominees making the Honours List in 2017, compared with 73 per cent of men.
Recognition of women rose by nearly four per cent from nominations in 2016, and by nearly 20 per cent compared with figures from a decade ago.
Of the 11 people appointed Companions of the Order of Australia, six were men and five were women, including the nation's first female prime minister, Julia Gillard, and Anna Bligh, the first female state premier to win election in her own right.
Victoria's Governor, Linda Dessau, Tasmania's Governor, Kate Warner, and Flinders University professor of ophthalmology, Keryn Williams, also received the highest honour in the Order of Australia.
A total of 16 women were appointed Officers of the Order of Australia, including gun control campaigner Rebecca Peters, historian Carol Liston and medical researcher Gwendolyn Gilbert.
Council of the Order of Australia chairman Air Chief Marshal Sir Angus Houston said the awards recognised the nation's "quiet achievers".
"They are public recognition of people who provide outstanding community service and whose achievements enhance national identity," he said.
Nominations:
Male – 651
Female – 320
Awards:
Male – 475
Female – 252