Mexican Navy
Mexican Navy (Armada de México) |
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Active | January 19, 1821 |
Country | ![]() |
Type | Navy |
Size | 56,000 personnel |
Part of | Secretariat of The Navy |
Anniversaries | June 1, National Navy Day[1] |
Engagements | |
Commanders | |
Current commander |
Admiral Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz |
Insignia | |
Naval jack | ![]() |
Naval jack (1994–2000) | ![]() |
The Mexican Navy is one of the two independent Armed Forces of Mexico. The actual naval forces are called the Armada de México. The Secretaría de Marina (SEMAR) (English: Naval Secretariat) includes both the Armada itself and the attached ministerial and civil service. The commander of the Navy is the Secretary of the Navy, who is both a cabinet minister and a career naval officer.
The Mexican Navy's stated mission is "to use the naval force of the federation for external defense, and to help with internal order".[2] The Navy consists of about 56,000 men and women plus reserves,[3] over 189 ships, and about 130 aircraft.[4][5] The Navy attempts to maintain a constant modernization program in order to upgrade its response capability.
Given Mexico's large area of water (3,149,920 km2) and extensive coastline (11,122 km), the Navy's duties are of great importance. Perhaps its most important on-going missions are the war on drugs and protecting PEMEX's oil wells in Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico. Another important task of the Mexican Navy is to help people in hurricane relief operations and other natural disasters.
Starting with the term of President Enrique Peña Nieto, the prefix ARM (Armada República Mexicana, Mexican Republic Navy) started being used in all naval vessels in active service.
Contents
History[edit]
The Mexican Navy has its origins in the creation of the Ministry of War in 1821. From that year until 1939 it existed jointly with the Army in the organic ministry. Since its declaration of independence from Spain in September 1810, through the mid decades of the 19th century, Mexico found itself in a constant state of war, mostly against Spain which had not recognized its independence. Therefore, its priority was to purchase its first fleet from the U.S. in order to displace the last remaining Spanish forces from its coasts.[6]
The Mexican Navy has participated in many naval battles to protect and defend Mexico's interests. Some of the most important battles were:
- Attempts by Spain to reconquer Mexico
- Takeover of the San Juan de Ulúa fort (1821–1825)
- The invasion of Cabo Rojo (1829)
- Battle of Mariel
The first French intervention in Mexico (The 'Pastry War') (November 1838 - March 1839)
- An entire Armada was captured at Veracruz
- Texan Independence (1836-1845)
- Yucatán Independence (1841—1848)
- The Mexican–American War (1846–48)
- The Second French Intervention (1862–1867)
- The Mexican Revolution (1910–1919)
- First Battle of Topolobampo
- Second Battle of Topolobampo
- Third Battle of Topolobampo
- Action of 9 April 1914
- Fourth Battle of Topolobampo
Second invasion by the United States (April 9, 1914 – November 23, 1914)
Historical ships[edit]
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Organization[edit]
The President of Mexico is commander in chief of all military forces. Day-to-day control of the Navy lies with the Navy Secretary, Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz.[7] In Mexico there is no joint forces command structure with the army, so the Secretary reports directly to the President. The Navy has a General Headquarters and three naval forces. There are furthermore 8 regions (4 on the Pacific coast, 3 on the Mexican Gulf coast and the Región Naval Central, grouping the naval forces, based in and around the capitol Mexico city, such as the 7th Naval Infantry Brigade, the Central Special Operations Group and the Air Transport Squadron), 13 zones, and 14 naval sectors.
The Navy is divided into three main services designated as "forces":
Other notable services include:
- Naval Aviation (Naval Aviation)
- Search and Rescue
Officers are trained at the Mexican Naval Academy, called the "Heroica Escuela Naval Militar" ("Heroic Military Naval School"), located in Antón Lizardo, Veracruz.
[edit]
The Mexican Naval Infantry Corps was reorganized in 2007-2009 into 30 Naval Infantry Battalions (Batallones de Infantería de Marina - BIM), a paratroop battalion, a battalion attached to the Presidential Guard Brigade, two Fast Reaction Forces with six battalions each, and three Special Forces groups.[8] The Naval Infantry are responsible for port security, protection of the ten-kilometer coastal fringe, and patrolling major waterways.
The Naval Infantry also is responsible for 23 National Service Training Units under the responsibility of the Navy Secretary, enforcing the National Service obligation for Mexicans of teenage and young adult age.
Search and rescue units[edit]
In 2008, the Mexican Navy created its new search and rescue system, allocated in strategic ports at Pacific and Gulf of Mexico ports, to provide assistance to any ships which are in jeopardy or at risk due to mechanical failure, weather conditions or life risk to the crew. To provide such support, the Navy has ordered Coast Guard Defender class ships (2 per station, and one 47-Foot Motor Lifeboat coastal guard ships). Other stations will be provided only with Defender class boats.[9]
Maritime Role[edit]
On April 1, 2014 SEMAR officially announced the creation of Port Protection Naval Units (Unidades Navales de Protección Portuaria: UNAPROP) which will include a marine section.[10][11] The main task of UNAPROPs is to ensure Maritime surveillance and inspection.[12]
Training and education[edit]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20170120185226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Marina-Panther-Unitasgold2009.jpg/220px-Marina-Panther-Unitasgold2009.jpg)
The Navy offers several options for graduate studies in their educational institutions:
It is the school where future officers are trained for the General Corps of the Navy. Candidates can enter upon completing high school. Upon completion of studies, graduates obtain the degree of Corbeta Lieutenant and the title of Naval Science Engineer.
- Naval Medical School
This school Located in Mexico City, offers a career in medicine. Officers are trained with skills for the prevention and health care of naval personnel. By adopting a professional examination, graduates can obtain the degree of Naval Military Lieutenant Corvette.
- Naval Engineering School
In the Naval Engineering School, officers are responsible for the preventive and corrective maintenance of systems and electronic equipment installed on ships and installations of the Mexican Navy. This school offers career of Electronic Engineering and Naval Communications. It is located between the town of Mata Grape and Anton Lizardo, 32 km from the port of Veracruz.
- Naval Nursing School
Here the time to achieve a nursing degree lasts eight semesters. Officers are trained with the knowledge and skills necessary to enable them to assist medical personnel in caring for patients in hospitals, sanatoriums, clinics, health sections on land, aboard ships and at The Naval Medical Center.
- Naval Aviation School
The Naval Aviation School trains pilots for the Mexican Navy as well as staff from the Federal Preventive Police and Naval personnel from various countries of Central America. This school is located on Veracruz.[13]
- Search, Rescue and Diving School
Located in Acapulco, members of The Navy are trained for marine search, rescue and diving. It also trains state police officers and firefighters.
Modernization and budget[edit]
The annual Navy's budget is in a 1 to 3 proportion of the national budget relative to the Army & Air Force. The Navy has a reputation for being well-run and well-organized. This reputation allows for a close relationship with the U.S. Navy, as evidenced by the procurement of numerous former USN ships.
Ships[edit]
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20170120185226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ARM_Armelnath_1.jpg/200px-ARM_Armelnath_1.jpg)
The Secretary of the Navy, Admiral Francisco Saynez Mendoza, announced on October 1, 2007, detailed plans to upgrade and modernize the country's naval capabilities. On the following day, La Jornada newspaper from Mexico City, disclosed the Mexican Navy plans, which are among others, to build six oceanic patrol vessels (OPV) with a length of 86 meters, 1680 tons and each housing a Eurocopter Panther helicopter as well as small high speed interception boats. The budget for this project is above $200 million USD.
Another project is to build 12 CB 90 HMN high speed (50 knots) interception boats under license from a Swedish boat company to the Mexican Navy. Also, a number of fully equipped planes for surveillance and maritime patrol are being considered. Combinations of options and development are being defined.
Shipbuilding[edit]
The Mexican Navy depends upon their naval shipyards for construction and repairs of their ships. There are 5 shipyards located in the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Ocean:
- Gulf of Mexico
- Naval shipyard 1 (ASTIMAR 1) - Tampico, Tamaulipas
- Naval shipyard 3 (ASTIMAR 3) - Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz
- Pacific Ocean
Missiles[edit]
The Mexican Navy initiated studies to develop and construct its first missile, according to a May 2005 interview with the undersecretary of the Navy, Armando Sanchez, the missile was to have an average range of 12 to 15 kilometers and be able to target enemy ships and aircraft. The undersecretary added that they already had the solid propellant, and the basic design of the missile. All aspects relative to their fuselage were solved as well as the launch platforms. The Mexican Navy was developing the software to direct the missile to its target. In July 2008, the project was reported to be 80% complete. Despite this effort, the missile development was canceled in 2009 due to "problems with the propulsion system".[14]
Radar modernization[edit]
In 2009, the Mexican Navy began operating a batch of new MPQ-64 Sentinel radars in the oil-rich Gulf of Mexico. The radar network was installed in 2007 for a trial phase while military personnel were trained to get familiar with the system. The new installations will work together with combat surface vessels that patrol the area.[15][16]
Present fleet[edit]
Class | Image | Type | Ships | Origin | |
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Destroyers | |||||
Quetzalcoatl class | ![]() |
Multipurpose destroyer | D102 Netzahualcoyotl | ![]() |
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Manuel Azueta class | Air-defence destroyer | D111 Manuel Azueta | ![]() |
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Frigates | |||||
Allende class | Multipurpose frigate | F211 Ignacio Allende F212 Mariano Abasolo F213 Guadalupe Victoria F214 Francisco Javier Mina |
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Bravo class | Multipurpose frigate | F201 Nicolás Bravo F202 Hermenegildo Galeana |
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Amphibious ships | |||||
Papaloapan class | ![]() |
Tank landing ship | A411 Papaloapan A412 Usumacinta |
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Panuco class | Tank landing ship | A402 Manzanillo | ![]() |
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Logistic support vessel | |||||
Montes Azules class | Landing ship | BAL01 Montes Azules BAL02 Libertador (construction completed, inaugurated on September 10, 2012)[17] |
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TBD class | Supply ship | BAL11 Isla Madre Launched July 11, 2016.[18] | Based on Damen Fast Crew Supplier 5009 ![]() |
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Missile corvettes | |||||
Huracan class | ![]() |
Anti-ship corvette | A301 Huracán A302 Tormenta |
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Mine counter-measure | |||||
Banderas class | Minesweeper | Banderas Magdalena Kino Yavaros Chamela Tepoca |
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Ocean patrol vessels | |||||
Oaxaca class patrol vessel | Ocean patrol vessels | P161 Oaxaca P162 Baja California P163 Independencia P164 Revolución P165 Chiapas[19] P166 Hidalgo[19] P167 Jalisco (In construction)[20] |
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Durango class patrol vessel | ![]() |
Ocean patrol vessels | P151 Durango P152 Sonora P153 Guanajuato P154 Veracruz |
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Sierra class corvette | ![]() |
Ocean patrol vessels | P141 Sierra P143 Prieto P144 Romero |
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Holzinger class patrol vessel | Ocean patrol vessels | P131 Holzinger P132 Godínez P133 De la Vega P134 Berriozabal |
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Uribe class patrol vessel | Ocean patrol vessels | P121 Uribe P122 Azueta P123 Baranda P124 Bretón P125 Blanco P126 Monasterio |
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Valle class patrol vessel | Ocean patrol vessels | P102 Juan de la Barrera P103 Mariano Escobedo P104 Manuel Doblado P106 Santos Degollado P108 Juan N. Álvarez P109 Manuel Gutiérrez Zamora P110 Valentín Gómez Farías P112 Francisco Zarco P113 Ignacio L. Vallarta P114 Jesús González Ortega P117 Mariano Matamoros |
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Coastal patrol ships | |||||
Tenochtitlán class[21][22] | ![]() |
Coastal patrol | PC331 ARM Tenochtitlan PC332 ARM Teotihuacan PC333 ARM Palenque PC334 ARM Mitla PC335 ARM Uxmal PC336 ARM Tajin[23] PC337 ARM Tulum[24] PC338 ARM Monte Albán[18] PC339 ARM Bonampak (In construction)[25] PC340 Chichen Iztzá (in construction)[25] |
Based on Damen Stan Patrol 4207 - 3 vessels ordered in January 2016 ![]() |
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Azteca class | Coastal patrol | PC202 Cordova PC206 Rayón PC207 Rejón PC208 De la Fuente PC209 Guzmán PC210 Ramírez PC211 Mariscal PC212 Jara PC214 Colima PC215 Lizardi PC216 Mugica PC218 Velazco PC220 Macías PC223 Tamaulipas PC224 Yucatán PC225 Tabasco PC226 Cochimie PC228 Puebla PC230 Vicario PC231 Ortíz |
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Demócrata class | Coastal patrol | PC241 Demócrata PC242 Francisco I. Madero |
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Cabo class | Coastal patrol | PC271 Corriente PC272 Corso PC273 Catoche |
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Punta class | Coastal patrol | PC-281 Morro PC-282 Mastún |
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Interceptors | |||||
Polaris class | ![]() |
Patrol | 44 In service | ![]() |
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Polaris II class | ![]() |
Patrol | 6 In service + 17 under construction | ![]() |
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Acuario A/B class | Patrol | In service | ![]() |
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Isla class | Patrol | In service | ![]() |
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Auxiliary vessels | |||||
Huasteco class | Multipurpose | AMP01 Huasteco AMP02 Zapoteco |
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Maya class | Multipurpose | ATR01 Maya ATR02 Tarasco |
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Cuauhtemoc class | Training ship | BE01 Cuauhtémoc | ![]() |
The Mexican Navy includes 60 smaller patrol boats and 32 auxiliary ships. It acquired 40 fast military assault crafts, designated CB 90 HMN, between 1999 and 2001 and obtained a production license in 2002 enabling further units to be manufactured in Mexico.
Modern equipment[edit]
Vehicle/System | Type | Versions | |||
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Armoured Vehicles | |||||
BTR-60/BTR-70 | Amphibious Armored Personnel Carrier | APC-70 | |||
Carat Security Group | Armored Personnel Carrier | Wolverine APC | |||
Land Rover | Armored Personnel Carrier | Defender 4x4 | |||
Infantry Transport Vehicles | |||||
Ford-150[26] | Light Utility Vehicle | 4x4 F-150 series pick up | |||
Ford-250[26] | Light Utility Vehicle | 4x4 F-250 series pick up | |||
Dodge Ram[27] | Light Utility Vehicle | 4x4 Pick up | |||
Mercedes-Benz[28][29] | Light Utility Vehicle | 4x4 G-class | |||
Trucks | |||||
Ural-4320[30] | Utility Vehicle | Off-road 6x6 truck | |||
UNIMOG U-4000[31][32] | Utility Vehicle | 4x4 truck | |||
Gama Goat[citation needed] | Amphibious 6-wheeled vehicle | 6x6 truck | |||
Freightliner M2[33] | Utility Vehicle | 4x2 truck |
Individual weapons and equipment[edit]
Name | Versions | Type |
---|---|---|
M16A2 rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle |
M4 Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle |
IMI Galil | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle |
Heckler & Koch MP5 | 9×19mm | Submachine gun |
Heckler & Koch UMP | .45 ACP | Submachine gun |
FN P90 | 5.7×28mm | Submachine gun |
Colt M1911 | .45 ACP | Pistol |
Beretta | 9 x 9 mm | Pistol |
Glock 17 | 9 mm | Pistol |
Five-seveN | 5.7 | Pistol |
Heckler & Koch MSG90 | 7.62×51mm NATO | Sniper rifle |
Barrett M82 | .50 BMG | Sniper rifle |
Remington 700 | 7.62×51mm NATO | Sniper rifle |
FN Minimi | 5.56×45mm NATO | Machine gun |
CETME Ameli[34] | 5.56×45mm NATO | Machine gun |
GAU-19 | 12.7×99mm NATO | Heavy machine gun |
M2 Browning machine gun | 12.7×99mm NATO | Heavy machine gun |
M134 | 7.62×51mm NATO | Gatling-type machine gun |
CIS 40 AGL | 40mm | Grenade machine gun |
Milkor MGL | 40mm | Grenade launcher |
M203 grenade launcher | 40mm | Grenade launcher |
Remington 1100 | 12 | Shotgun |
Artillery[edit]
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Name | Versions | Type | ||
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Self-propelled artillery | ||||
Bofors L70 | 40mm | Anti-aircraft artillery | ||
Oerlikon | 20mm | Anti-aircraft artillery | ||
Shipboard anti-aircraft artillery | ||||
Phalanx CIWS | 20mm | Close In Weapons System | ||
Multiple rocket launchers | ||||
FIROS | 122mm | Multiple Launch Rocket System | ||
Towed artillery | ||||
OTO Melara Mod 56 | 105mm | Towed howitzer | ||
K6 | 120mm | Heavy mortar | ||
M29 | 81mm | Medium mortar | ||
Brandt LR | 60mm | Light mortar | ||
Bofors L70 | 40mm | Towed anti-aircraft artillery | ||
Bofors L60 | 40mm | Towed anti-aircraft artillery | ||
Oerlikon | 20mm | Towed anti-aircraft artillery | ||
Anti-shipping missile | ||||
Gabriel | Mk. II | Anti-shipping missile | ||
Anti-aircraft missiles | ||||
SA-18 | 72.2mm | Anti-aircraft missile | ||
Sea Sparrow | RIM-7 | Anti-aircraft missile | ||
Light anti-tank weapons | ||||
RPG-75 | Anti-tank weapon | 68mm | ||
B300 | Anti-tank weapon | 82mm |
Aircraft inventory[edit]
The aircraft quantities are approximate,[35][36] and estimated to be 68 airplanes and 54 helicopters.[37][38]
Aircraft | Type | Versions | In service | Image | ||
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Combat aircraft | ||||||
Valmet L-90 | Combat/Counter Insurgency | L-90TP | 8 | |||
Trainers | ||||||
Zlin Z-242 | Training | Z-242L | 8[39] | |||
Maule M-7 | Training | MX-7-180A | 8 | |||
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II | Training | T-6C+ | 2 [40][41] | |||
Transport | ||||||
Antonov An-32 | Tactical transport | An-32B | 3 | |||
CASA C-295[42][43][44] | Tactical transport | C295M | 6 | |||
Bombardier Dash 8 | Tactical transport | DH-8 | 1 | |||
Turbo Commander | Transport | 980 Turbo | 4 | |||
Learjet | VIP transport | LJ25 | 1 | |||
Learjet | VIP transport | LJ31 | 2 | |||
Learjet | VIP transport | LJ60 | 1 | |||
Gulfstream IV | VIP transport | G450 | 1 | ![]() |
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Reconnaissance and intelligence | ||||||
CASA C-212 | Surveillance | C-212-400 | 7[45] | |||
CASA CN-235 | Surveillance | CN-235MP 300 | 3 | |||
Lancair | Reconnaissance | IV-P Super ES Legacy 2000 |
3 3 2 |
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King Air 350 | Surveillance | King Air 350ER | 3, 2 on order[41][46][47] | |||
Helicopters | ||||||
Eurocopter Fennec | Search & rescue | AS555AF | 2 | |||
Eurocopter Panther | Combat | AS656MB | 4 | |||
Eurocopter EC 725 | Transport | EC725 | 3/3 pending delivery | |||
Bölkow Bo 105 | Surveillance | EC-Super Five | 11 | |||
MD Helicopters MD 500 | Training | MD-500 | 4 | |||
Mil Mi-2 | Transport | Mi-2 Hopite | 1 | |||
Mil Mi-17 | Transport | Mi-17IV/V5 | 23 | |||
MD Helicopters MD Explorer | Combat | MD-902 | 6 | |||
Sikorsky UH-60 Blackhawk | Transport and combat | UH-60M | 3[48][49] | |||
UAV | ||||||
UAV SEMAR | Reconnaissance/Intelligence | T1 / T2 / T3 | 3 | |||
Future acquisitions | ||||||
EADS CASA | surveillance | CASA CN-235 | 8[48][50][51][52] | |||
Mi-17 | Transport helicopter | Mi-17V5 | 3[53] |
Future[edit]
For the year 2008 budget, the Mexican Congress approved a $15 million USD funds to build only 17 out of 60 combat boats requested. These ships, designated CB 90 HMN, are to increase its fast boat fleet. Additional budgets will be awarded each passing year.[54] In total, the Mexican Navy has over 189 operational ships.[4]
In January 2013, the 112th Session of US Congress authorized the transfer of the Oliver Hazard Perry Frigates USS Curts and USS McClusky to the Mexican Navy,[55] but due to the cost of overhauling the vessels and the removal of all the weapons systems and most of the electronics and radar gear by the US Navy prior to transfer, this is still undecided by Mexico. The offer expired on 1 January 2016.[55]
2014[edit]
On March 25, 2014 Beechcraft Corporation received an order of 2 T-6C+ military trainers from the Mexican Navy.[56]
On June 24, 2014 the Mexican Government requested the purchase of 5 UH-60Ms in USG configuration from the U.S.; its estimated cost is $225 million.[57] Also on June 24, BAE Systems announced it was awarded a contract by the Mexican Government to supply the navy with 4 Mk 3 57mm naval guns, for which ship is to be armed with Mk 3s is still unknown.[58]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Día de la Marina". sct.gob.mx. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Mission and objectives" (Spanish)
- ^ "Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ a b [1] Rendición de cuentas SEMAR 2006 página 40
- ^ "Material Aereo"(outdated page) (Spanish)
- ^ History of the Mexican Navy ships
- ^ http://www.gob.mx/semar/estructuras/almirante-vidal-francisco-soberon-sanz
- ^ Informe 2009 Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México
- ^ "Textron Systems Brand Change". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Mexican Navy increasing coast guard capabilities". Jane's. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ Noticieros Televisa. "Crea Marina Unidades Navales de Protección Portuaria". televisa.com. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Unidades de Marina vigilarán 19 puertos del país a partir del martes". Excélsior. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ SIAL Sistema Informativo Aeronáutico Latinoamericano
- ^ Mexican Naval missile (Spanish)
- ^ "En marzo iniciarán operaciones radares de la Armada" (in Spanish). NOTIMEX. Dec 27, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- ^ "ThalesRaytheonSystems receives contract to support Mexican homeland security, protect Gulf oil infrastructure". Thales Raytheon Systems. May 11, 2006. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- ^ http://www.semar.gob.mx/sitio_2/component/content/article/2242-comunicado-177-2012.html
- ^ a b http://www.gob.mx/semar/prensa/la-secretaria-de-marina-armada-de-mexico-realiza-la-botadura-de-la-patrulla-costera-arm-monte-alban-pc-338
- ^ a b http://www.semar.gob.mx/transparencia/informes_labores/Tercer_Informe_de_Labores_SEMAR.pdf
- ^ http://www.gob.mx/semar/prensa/la-secretaria-de-marina-pone-a-flote-la-patrulla-oceanica-arm-hidalgo-para-la-armada-de-mexico
- ^ "Fourth Damen Stan Patrol 4207 patrol vessel for Mexican Navy". August 23, 2013.
- ^ "Mexican Navy contracts Damen for fifth Tenochtitlan-class Patrol Vessel (Stan Patrol 4207)". December 12, 2013.
- ^ "Mexican Navy orders sixth Tenochtitlan-class Patrol Vessel (Stan Patrol 4207) from DAMEN". April 1, 2014.
- ^ http://www.damen.com/en/news/2014/09/mexican-navy-and-damen-sign-contract-for-two-vessels
- ^ a b "4° Informe de Gobierno" (PDF). Presidencia de la República. 1° de septiembre del 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ^ a b "Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Recibe Semar vehículos para incrementar capacidad operativa". EL INFORMADOR. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ http://www.semar.gob.mx/boletin/2009/bol_136_09.html
- ^ http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/32196/more-russian-trucks-for-mexican-navy-(jan.-22).html
- ^ "Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ http://www.semar.gob.mx/galeria/terrestres/unimog/image_3.jpg
- ^ "Secretaria de Marina - Armada de México". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ http://www.justguns.com/automatic-support-weapons/cetme-ameli.html
- ^ Mexican Navy Aircraft
- ^ Mexican Navy's new purchases
- ^ Aranda, Jesus (14 December 2009). "La flota de Ejército y Armada consta de 480 aeronaves". La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-12-14.
- ^ Raúl Benítez Manaut; Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano; Armando Rodríguez Luna (2009). Atlas de la Seguridad y la Defensa de México 2009. México D. F.: Colectivo de Analisis de la Seguridad con Democracia (CASEDE). pp. 369 pp. ISBN 978-607-95380-0-2.
- ^ Moravan in the Armada de México
- ^ "Mexican Navy Places Initial Order for Beechcraft T-6C+ Trainers". April 3, 2014.
- ^ a b "Beechcraft". Beechcraft Newsroom. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Photo Search Results". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ http://www.sedena.gob.mx/revistae/2015/febrero/index.html
- ^ http://www.militaryaircraft-airbusds.com/Portals/0/Images/Aircraft/OrdersAndDeliveries/AMOrdersDeliveries.pdf
- ^ "Persuader Patrol Planes for Mexico's Maritime". Defense Industry Daily. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ Mexican navy acquires first of four King Air 350ERs - Flightglobal.com, 15 July 2014
- ^ "La Armada de México recibe once aeronaves decomisadas al narcotráfico - Noticias Infodefensa América". Infodefensa.com. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ a b Blackhawks ready to fly for the Mexican Navy. (25 August 2011)
- ^ "Sikorsky UH-60M Black Hawk Helicopters for Mexico". April 22, 2014.
- ^ "Global Defence News and Defence Headlines - IHS Jane's 360". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ Seis CN-235-300 Persuader para la Armada de México
- ^ "Presupuesto multimillonario para asegurar la viabilidad del Estado". La Jornada (in Spanish). 10 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
|first1=
missing|last1=
in Authors list (help) - ^ "México compra a Rusia tres helicópteros polivalentes Mi-17 según fuente militar" (in Spanish).
- ^ It was published within the Chapter 13 of the SEMAR 2008 final budget, by the SHCP, the Mexican finance ministry for this period.
- ^ a b "H.R. 6649 (112th): Naval Vessels Transfer Act of 2012". USA 112th CONGRESS, 2nd. session, H. R. 6649. govtrack.us. January 1, 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-13.
- ^ "Textron - Mexican Navy places initial order for Beechcraft T-6C+ trainers". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Mexico - UH-60M Black Hawk Helicopters - The Official Home of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Newsroom - BAE Systems". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
External links[edit]
- Secretary of the Navy Official site (Spanish)
- Naval Infantry official site (Spanish)