Senior officials in the Russian government celebrated Donald Trump's victory over Hillary Clinton as a geopolitical win for Moscow, according to US officials who said that American intelligence agencies intercepted communications in the aftermath of the election in which Russian officials congratulated themselves on the outcome.
US officials said the captured messages, whose existence has not previously been disclosed, added to the confidence level at the CIA and other agencies that Putin's goals went beyond seeking to undermine confidence in America's election machinery and ultimately were aimed at tilting a fiercely contested presidential race toward a candidate seen as more in-line with Moscow's foreign policy goals.
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Russia undoubtedly meddled in election
National Intelligence Director James Clapper said Russia poses a major and growing threat to US government, military, diplomatic and commercial operations. Senators suggested the President-elect should take notice.
Even so, the messages also revealed that top officials in Russia anticipated that Clinton would win and did not expect their effort to achieve its goal.
Russian officials "were as surprised as the rest of the world," said the second US official who, like others, spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence matters.
"In this case, you do learn things after the fact based on how they feel about it," the first official said, adding that the intercepts added to the intelligence community's "shifting level of confidence."
The intercepts also echoed some public comments in Moscow. "Trump understood the mood of the people and kept going until the end, when nobody believed in him," Putin said at a news conference last month, adding with a wry smile, "except for you and me."
US intelligence officials believe that Putin has for years held a personal grudge against Clinton, whom he accused of fomenting demonstrations in Moscow in 2011 and 2012 that embarrassed Putin and rattled the former KGB operative's confidence in his grip on power.
Russia's elite spy services have for years used cyberespionage capabilities to gather information on US policymakers and political candidates - as the United States does on Russia. But Moscow's decision to dump thousands of stolen emails into public view on WikiLeaks was seen as a provocative departure from the traditional lanes of espionage, US officials said.
![Russian President Vladimir Putin bore a grudge against Hillary Clinton, officials say.](/web/20170108163956im_/http://www.theage.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/k/5/t/x/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtmv5p.png/1483710093472.jpg)
Director of National Intelligence James Clapper on Thursday said there is a difference between "an act of espionage, which we conduct, as well, and other nations do, versus an attack."
US officials said that Russia's goals appear to have shifted over time. Moscow's initial hacking operations targeted almost every major candidate, including Trump's GOP rivals, as part of a fairly typical clandestine collection program.
Russia's initial objective may have been merely to meddle and undermine the legitimacy of an assumed Clinton victory. But as Trump captured the GOP nomination and showed that he could remain competitive with Clinton, Russia's aims became more ambitious, officials said. The final months of the race saw a steady stream of leaked emails that damaged Clinton's candidacy, without any corresponding release to embarrass Trump.
Russia also used social media and "fake news" platforms as an "accelerant" to try to boost Trump and undermine Clinton, the second official said.
Other key pieces of information gathered by US spy agencies supporting the view that Russia backed Trump include the identification of "actors" involved in delivering stolen Democratic emails to the WikiLeaks website, and disparities in the levels of effort Russian intelligence entities devoted to penetrating and exploiting sensitive information stored on Democratic and Republican campaign networks.
Those and other data points are at the heart of an unprecedented intelligence report being circulated in Washington this week that details the evidence of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential campaign and catalogues other cyber operations by Moscow against US election systems over the past nine years.
The classified document, which officials said is over 50 pages, was delivered to President Barack Obama on Thursday, and it is expected to be presented to Trump in New York on Friday by the nation's top spy officials, including Clapper Jr. and CIA Director John Brennan.
Given the president-elect's scepticism about the intelligence community - particularly its conclusions about Russia - the Trump Tower briefing has taken on the tenor of a showdown between the president-elect and the intelligence agencies he has disparaged.
"The Russians felt pretty good about what happened on November 8 and they also felt pretty good about what they did," a senior US official said.
US officials declined to say whether the intercepted communications were cited in the classified version of the report commissioned by Obama, and they emphasised that while the messages were seen as strong indicators of Moscow's intent and clear preference for Trump, they were not regarded as conclusive evidence of Russian intelligence agencies' efforts to achieve that outcome.
"There are a variety of different exhibits that make the case, different factors that have provided the intelligence community with high confidence" that Russia sought in part to help elect Trump, said a second senior US official who has reviewed intelligence findings on Russia's cyber operations.
Officials emphasised that "signals intelligence," as such communication is known, is treated by analysts with caution because statements can be taken out of context and sophisticated adversaries including the Kremlin are adept at spreading disinformation.
US officials who have reviewed the new report said it goes far beyond the brief public statement that Clapper and Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson issued in October, accusing Russia of having "directed" cyber operations to disrupt the US election, and concluding, in a reference to Russian President Vladimir Putin, that "only Russia's senior-most officials could have authorised these activities."
Russia's alleged role in the 2016 election and the question of how the United States should respond have become bitterly polarising issues in Washington, sowing discord among Republicans on Capitol Hill, complicating the transition between the Obama and Trump administrations, and exacerbating an increasingly toxic relationship between the president-elect and US spy services.
Senior lawmakers have called for a full investigation of the Russian hacking. Appearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday, Clapper said that Moscow's cyber assault on the election went beyond interference and into "activism."
At Thursday's hearing, Clapper said that US spy agencies "stand actually more resolutely" behind conclusions they reached last year on Russia's determination to undermine the US election. He also appeared to take aim at Trump's social media sniping at US intelligence services, saying that "there's a difference between scepticism and disparagement."
Obama last week announced a series of measures designed to punish Russia, actions he characterised as "a necessary and appropriate response to efforts to harm US interests." Obama moved to impose economic sanctions on Russian intelligence agencies, expelled dozens of alleged Russian intelligence operatives from the United States, and shuttered two compounds that for decades had purportedly served as retreats for Russian diplomats but were described by the administration as locations for espionage activities.
Meanwhile, Trump continued his string of Twitter attacks, accusing US intelligence agencies - with the word "intelligence" set off in quotation marks - of delaying a planned briefing on Russia and the election, a charge that US officials disputed. He also appeared to side with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, who has denied that his organisation got the hacked emails from Russia, over US spy agencies, which think that WikiLeaks got the material through middlemen with ties to the Kremlin.
Trump appeared to retreat on Thursday, accusing the "dishonest media" of misrepresenting his comments about Assange. "The media lies to make it look like I am against 'Intelligence,' " he said, "when in fact I am a big fan!"
Washington Post