Washington: A Republican-controlled US Congress opens on Tuesday with the most sweeping conservative agenda in decades, providing President-elect Donald Trump ample room to gut the Affordable Care Act, slash corporate tax rates and undo Obama-era environmental regulations.
The House is almost certain to re-elect Speaker Paul Ryan, as its first order of business, dispensing with the messy political infighting that has hobbled Republicans in the past.
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And the Senate will swiftly begin vetting Trump's most controversial Cabinet picks, ready to confirm some when Trump is sworn into office on Inauguration Day, January 20.
Yet Republicans remain at odds on some high-profile issues - such as how aggressively to investigate Russian hacking in the 2016 election - and how to fulfil other big-ticket promises, such as replacing Obamacare.
Despite firm Republican control of both the White House and Congress, the internal disputes have left them without a clear plan yet for Trump's first 100 days, or an endgame for the two years of the 115th Congress.
Trump's often shifting views on major issues will test relations with GOP leaders on Capitol Hill, and his willingness to skirt ideological rigidity gives incoming Senate Democratic leader Charles Schumer of New York and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi of San Francisco an opening to influence and shape the president's evolving agenda.
President Barack Obama will visit Capitol Hill on Wednesday to meet with Democrats bracing for their new role, not just as the minority party, but as the main roadblock preventing Trump from dismantling the health care law and other parts of the Obama agenda. He will deliver his farewell speech in Chicago on January 10.
Republicans will also assemble behind closed doors. Vice President-elect Mike Pence, who was a popular conservative congressman before he was elected governor of Indiana, is likely to serve as a crucial link between the Trump administration and its allies in Congress.
![Congress is likely to give many Trump policies the green light, while pausing others for debate.](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/l/5/4/o/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
Given Trump's inexperience in government, Pence is expected to play an enhanced role, perhaps like the one former Vice President Richard Cheney held under President George W. Bush.
At a minimum, Pence could provide a vital conduit between the untested new president and his more ideological party members in Congress, especially as Ryan's own relationship with Trump has been strained.
![The near-naked cowboy performs in front of Trump Tower in New York on Monday](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/l/4/j/v/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
Ryan flip-flopped over Trump - first withholding his endorsement, then ultimately campaigning for him - but the speaker insists he and the president-elect have let bygones pass as they talk almost daily on their plans for fulfilling Republican promises to voters.
"Very soon after the race, Donald and I said: 'Look, this is fantastic. We have so much to do. Let's forget about, you know, any differences in the past and let's get working on this agenda'," Ryan said recently on Fox News. "And that's exactly what we've been doing from - that day on."
![Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell on Monday backed an investigation into Russian hacking.](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/9/n/a/g/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
Once Trump takes office, Republicans will face enormous pressure to score some legislative wins after six years of trying to block most of Obama's initiatives.
Lawmakers will vote this week on low-hanging fruit - a popular GOP measure to rein in the executive branch by requiring congressional approval for new federal regulations with an economic impact of more than $US100 million ($138 million).
![President-elect Donald Trump and House Speaker Paul Ryan at the Speaker's office in Washington during the election campaign.](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/l/4/k/c/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
The measure, which passed the Republican House three times since 2011, is a GOP priority. Its supporters say it would have prevented nearly all the climate and employment rule changes of the Obama era.
Republicans are also expected to punish Democrats for last year's gun control sit-in, led by civil rights icon Democrat Representative John Lewis, by imposing new rules that would slap up to $US2500 fines on lawmakers who film such floor protests from smartphones or other devices.
![Republican Senator John McCain wants enquiry into Russian cyber activities.](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/r/v/4/v/j/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
Whether that would pass judicial review is less clear. Opponents say the proposed ban is clearly unconstitutional.
But the GOP's top promise - to end Obama's health insurance policy Obamacare - remains a tough haul.
![Obama is entering the closing stretch of his presidency, an eleventh-hour push to tie up loose ends and put finishing ...](/web/20170103163703im_/http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/g/t/k/v/u/h/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gtl47s.png/1483410224010.jpg)
Votes are expected in coming days on legislation to begin repealing the Affordable Care Act. But these first steps will be largely symbolic while lawmakers debate the details of dismantling the health care law.
With 20 million Americans now benefiting from Obamacare, the GOP's gutting of it comes with an asterisk.
Republicans are also likely to postpone fully dismantling the health care law until they can sort out their own ideas for a yet-to-be-determined alternative.
That could push a full Obamacare repeal and replace until 2018 or 2019, after the midterm elections.
"Repeal and delay, it doesn't even have alliteration," Pelosi scoffed on a conference call on Monday with reporters. "It's an admission that it's a lot for them to lose politically."
Similarly, Republicans are still working out the details of tax reform beyond the lower rates proposed in the House GOP's "Better Way" blueprint agenda for the new year.
Ryan will almost certainly re-emerge as speaker in Tuesday's floor vote. But his leadership remains constrained by the same internal party divisions that hobbled his predecessor, John Boehner, and that have prevented Republicans from making gains on a cohesive agenda.
Democrats, despite being in the minority in both the House and Senate, will be more than bit players in the new Washington environment.
Senate Democrats are planning a robust grilling of Trump's Cabinet choices, particularly Representative Tom Price, the conservative orthopedic doctor who has been tapped to helm the Health and Human Services Department and the Obamacare unravelling.
Democrats are also lining up against Senator Jeff Sessions, as attorney-general, and have raised questions about ExxonMobil chief executive Rex Tillerson, who has substantial ties with Russia, as secretary of State.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, intends to have several of Trump's Cabinet positions - likely the national security team - confirmed by Inauguration Day.
But McConnell faces his own difficulty as several top Republicans, including Senators John McCain of Arizona and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, are pushing for an aggressive investigation in Congress of alleged Russian cyber attacks during the presidential race. McCain plans to hold his first hearing on the issue on Thursday.
McConnell has resisted calls by a bipartisan group, led by McCain and Schumer, for creation of a separate special committee - or an independent panel like the bipartisan commission that investigated the terrorist attacks after September 11, 2001.
Many Republicans are optimistic for the days ahead, ready to "hit the ground running," Ryan has said.
Congress adjusted its calendar to work more, with several five-day work weeks in the House as it races to deliver on election promises. Normally the House is in session only four days a week.
Tribune