Mequitazine (trade name Primalan ) is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the phenothiazine chemical class . It is used to treat allergies and rhinitis .
Contraindications [ edit ]
Severe liver disease; premature infants or full-term neonates.
Special precautions [ edit ]
Pregnancy, lactation; severe cardiovascular disorders; asthma; angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, pyloroduodenal obstruction; renal and hepatic impairment; elderly, children; epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse drug reactions [ edit ]
CNS depression including slight drowsiness to deep sleep, lassitude, dizziness, incoordination. Headache, psychomotor impairment and antimuscarinic effects. Rarely, rashes and hypersensitivity reactions, blood disorders, convulsions, sweating, myalgia, paraesthesias, extrapyramidal effects, tremor, confusion, sleep and GI disturbances, tinnitus, hypotension, hair loss. Photosensitivity, jaundice.
Drug interactions [ edit ]
Enhances effects of CNS depressants e.g. alcohol , barbiturates , hypnotics , opioid analgesics , anxiolytics and antipsychotics . Can mask signs of ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides . QT prolongation (which can lead to torsades de pointes arrhythmia) reported with spiramycin .
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Ramírez Chanona N, del Rio Navarro B, Pérez Martín J (2005). "Efficacy of mequitazine (Primalan) on the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children. Documented clinical experience". Rev Alerg Mex . 52 (6): 221–5. PMID 16568706 .
Theunissen E, Vermeeren A, van Oers A, van Maris I, Ramaekers J (2004). "A dose-ranging study of the effects of mequitazine on actual driving, memory and psychomotor performance as compared to dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine and placebo .". Clin Exp Allergy . 34 (2): 250–8. doi :10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01874.x . PMID 14987305 .
Nakamura K, Yokoi T, Kodama T, Inoue K, Nagashima K, Shimada N, Shimizu T, Kamataki T (1998). "Oxidation of histamine H1 antagonist mequitazine is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2D6 in human liver microsomes.". J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 284 (2): 437–42. PMID 9454781 .
Persi L, Dupin O, Arnaud B, Trinquand C, Michel F, Bousquet J (1997). "Efficacy of mequitazine in comparison with placebo assessed by ocular challenge with allergen in allergic conjunctivitis .". Allergy . 52 (4): 451–4. doi :10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01028.x . PMID 9188930 .
mACh
Muscarinic antagonists : 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine , chlorphenamine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , mepyramine (pyrilamine) , phenindamine , pheniramine , promethazine , tripelennamine , triprolidine )
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine , olanzapine , quetiapine , zotepine )
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Dimethindene
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicyclomine (dicycloverine)
Ditran
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Flavoxate
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Ipratropium bromide
J-104,129
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Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
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Metixene
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N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
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Otenzepad
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PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
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Pipenzolate bromide
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Procyclidine
Profenamine
Revefenacin
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
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Solifenacin
Telenzepine
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine )
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tolterodine
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Trihexyphenidyl
Tripitamine
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , loxapine , thioridazine )
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
nACh
Nicotinic agonists : 5-HIAA
A-84,543
A-366,833
A-582,941
A-867,744
ABT-202
ABT-418
ABT-560
ABT-894
Acetylcholine
Altinicline
Anabasine
Anatoxin-a
AR-R17779
Butinoline
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
Choline
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Epiboxidine
Ethanol
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EVP-4473
EVP-6124
Galantamine
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Ivermectin
Levamisole
Lobeline
MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
Morantel
Nicotine (tobacco )
NS-1738
PHA-543,613
PHA-709,829
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
Pozanicline
Rivanicline
RJR-2429
Sazetidine A
SB-206553
Sebacylcholine
SIB-1508Y
SIB-1553A
SSR-180,711
Suberyldicholine
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
TC-1698
TC-1734
TC-1827
TC-2216
TC-5214
TC-5619
TC-6683
Tebanicline
Tropisetron
UB-165
Varenicline
WAY-317,538
XY-4083
Receptor
(ligands )
H1
Non-generational: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole , asenapine , clozapine , iloperidone , olanzapine , paliperidone , quetiapine , risperidone , ziprasidone , zotepine )
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine , loxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine , oxaprotiline )
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Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , flupenthixol , fluphenazine , loxapine , perphenazine , prochlorperazine , thioridazine , thiothixene )
H2
H3
H4
Transporter
(inhibitors )
Enzyme
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Others