- published: 13 Dec 2016
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Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (/ˈɡɔːrbəˌtʃɒf/;Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf]; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved. He served as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution.
Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief "interregna" of Andropov and Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in Western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]) abbreviated to USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR) or shortened to the Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovetskij Soyuz; IPA: [sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), was a Marxist–Leninist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991. A union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).
Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but 1947–91 is common. The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, supported by the two sides. The Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences: the former being a single-party Marxist–Leninist state operating a planned economy and controlled press and owning exclusively the right to establish and govern communities, and the latter being a capitalist state with generally free elections and press, which also granted freedom of expression and freedom of association to its citizens. A self-proclaimed neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement founded by Egypt, India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia; this faction rejected association with either the US-led West or the Soviet-led East. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat, but they were heavily armed in preparation for a possible all-out nuclear world war. Each side had a nuclear deterrent that deterred an attack by the other side, on the basis that such an attack would lead to total destruction of the attacker: the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD). Aside from the development of the two sides' nuclear arsenals, and deployment of conventional military forces, the struggle for dominance was expressed via proxy wars around the globe, psychological warfare, massive propaganda campaigns and espionage, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
Actors: Philippe Magnan (actor), Claes Olsson (actor), Mats Långbacka (actor), Niels Arestrup (actor), Aleksey Gorbunov (actor), Miglen Mirtchev (actor), Emir Kusturica (actor), Gary Lewis (actor), Willem Dafoe (actor), Guillaume Canet (actor), Marc Berman (actor), Benno Fürmann (actor), Joonas Makkonen (actor), Vsevolod Shilovsky (actor), Lee Marvin (actor),
Plot: In 1985, Sergei Gregoriev, a Soviet colonel, wants to force his nation to reform, so he leaks secret information to the West. He picks an unlikely contact, a Pierre Froment, French nebbish in the diplomatic corps. Gregoriev keeps a lot of balls in the air - a marriage, a teen son he's trying to bond with, a mistress who's a colleague at work; his tradecraft is equally reckless. Meanwhile, Froment keeps his spy work secret from his German wife, and Mitterrand uses Gregoriev's information to make France indispensable to Reagan and his government. When Gregoriev leaks a list of key Soviet moles and spies, Gorbachev is left without secret intelligence. Will Gregoriev get what he wants?
Keywords: based-on-true-story, border, cold-war, double-agent, espionage, father-son-relationship, france, freddie-mercury, french, iron-curtainActors: Eduard Artemev (composer), Nikita Mikhalkov (writer), Nikita Mikhalkov (actor), Aleksey Petrenko (actor), Mikhail Efremov (actor), Sergey Gazarov (actor), Nikita Mikhalkov (producer), Aleksandr Adabashyan (actor), Valentin Gaft (actor), Aleksey Gorbunov (actor), Sergey Garmash (actor), Sergey Makovetskiy (actor), Roman Madyanov (actor), Enzo Meniconi (editor), Nikita Mikhalkov (director),
Plot: A loose remake of _12 Angry Men (1957)_ (qv), set in a Russian school. 12 jurors are struggling to decide the fate of a Chechen teenager who allegedly killed his Russian stepfather who took the teenager to live with him in Moscow during the Chechen War in which teenager lost his parents. The jurors: a racist taxi-driver, a suspicious doctor, a vacillating TV producer, a Holocaust survivor, a flamboyant musician, a cemetery manager, and others represent the fragmented society of modern day Russia. A stray bird (a touch of New Age cinema) is flying above the jurors' heads, alluding to tolerance.
Keywords: adoption, based-on-film, bird, bra, caucasus, chechen-war, chechnya, dead-body, digit-in-title, experimentActors: Vladimir Menshov (actor), Svetlana Kryuchkova (actress), Givi Tokhadze (actor), Anatoly Vedyonkin (actor), Vladimir Volkov (actor), Larisa Guzeeva (actress), Aleksandr Peskov (actor), Igor Chernitskiy (director), Igor Chernitskiy (writer), Igor Chernitskiy (actor), Elena Korolyova (actress), Boris Vasilev (writer), Yuriy Mazhuga (actor), Kira Kreylis-Petrova (actress), Valeriy Legin (actor),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Gedde Watanabe (actor), Fran Drescher (actress), Kevin McCarthy (actor), Gary Sievers (actor), Robert K. Weiss (actor), 'Weird Al' Yankovic (actor), David Bowe (actor), Grant James (actor), Anthony Geary (actor), George Fisher (actor), Billy Barty (actor), Michael Richards (actor), David Proval (actor), John W. Hyde (producer), Victoria Jackson (actress),
Plot: George Newman (Yankovic) is a normal man. Problem is, he's also a daydreamer, who can't keep hold of a steady job. His uncle decides George will be the perfect man to manage Channel 62, a station which is losing money and viewers fast. George's imagination is put to good use and he starts thinking up bizarre shows such as "Wheels of Fish" and "Raul's Wild Kingdom". The ratings start to soar again, but not everyone is happy.
Keywords: 1980s, absurd-humor, acronym-in-title, adolescent-humor, alien, broken-camera, bug, camera, crazy-humor, cult-filmActors: Nicholas Worth (actor), Robert K. Weiss (actor), Lawrence Tierney (actor), Curt Gowdy (actor), Leslie Nielsen (actor), O.J. Simpson (actor), Tim McCarver (actor), Joe Grifasi (actor), John Houseman (actor), Dick Enberg (actor), Ricardo Montalban (actor), George Kennedy (actor), Mel Allen (actor), Joyce Brothers (actress), 'Weird Al' Yankovic (actor),
Plot: A re-run of many of the gags from the original TV series 'Police Squad'. An Airplane type spoof, this time with the an incompetent lieutenant (Drebin) who always 'gets his man'. Visual gags come thick and fast, and it's impossible to catch them all with one viewing. The plot.. Queen Elizabeth II of England is coming to town, and Vincent Ludwig has plans to assassinate her using a brainwashed baseball player.
Keywords: 1980s, absurdism, airbag, anaheim-angels, aquarium, assassin, assassination-attempt, ballpark, baseball, baseball-gameEx-Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev says the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 was "a crime and a coup". In a rare interview marking 25 years since the demise of the Soviet Union, he told the BBC's Steve Rosenberg he resigned to avoid a bloody civil war. But today the West was "provoking Russia" and trying to undermine President Vladimir Putin, he said. Please subscribe HERE http://bit.ly/1rbfUog World In Pictures https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLS3XGZxi7cBX37n4R0UGJN-TLiQOm7ZTP Big Hitters https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLS3XGZxi7cBUME-LUrFkDwFmiEc3jwMXP Just Good News https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLS3XGZxi7cBUsYo_P26cjihXLN-k3w246
The Ukrainian issue has intensified the tension that existed between the West and Russia: now, another Cold War is possibly lurking on the horizon. Are we to witness another stand-off - or will it be averted? The relations between Russia and the West seem to be stuck at dead-end, so is there hope common ground will emerge between the two? We ask these questions to the man who prides himself on ending the Cold War, the last leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, on Sophie&Co; today. Follow @SophieCo_RT Read the full transcript here: http://on.rt.com/i653m9 RT LIVE http://rt.com/on-air Subscribe to RT! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=RussiaToday Like us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/RTnews Follow us on Twitter http://twitter.com/RT_com Follow us on Instag...
At the end of a dramatic year that witnessed an attempted coup against his rule, and the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party's authority, President Mikhail Gorbachev bowed to the inevitable on December 25, 1991. In a ten minute address to the nation, he officially resigned from his position as Soviet President, and by the end of that historic night, the Red Flag was no longer flying above the Kremlin. Simon covered the Soviet Union's last moments for "World Monitor", then the nightly news program produced by The Christian Science Monitor for America's "Discovery Channel"
The end of the Cold War, the reunification of Germany, liberalism and Perestroyka. The USSR's first and last president, Mikhail Gorbachev celebrates his 80th birthday today, and his legacy includes being hailed as the father of Russia's democracy. Mikhail Gorbachev was born in a small village in the south of the country, and became leader of the USSR in 1985. With his economic and political reforms, he paved the way for democracy in Russia. His best known reform is dubbed "Perestroyka", which aimed to revamp the country without destroying the basis of socialism. His initiatives also led to the abolishment of state censorship and the creation of free speech in the country. Gorbachev received the Nobel peace prize in 1990. A year later, however, he was removed from power in a coup which saw ...
This excellent Cold War documentary by Professor David Reynolds examines the fascinating interaction between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. This is a superb resource for students of the period. Uploaded for educational purposes only.
HARDtalk is in Berlin as the city marks the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall - that extraordinary moment which dramatised the collapse of the communist system and the end of the Cold War. Stephen Sackur speaks to Mikhail Gorbachev, former president of the Soviet Union, architect of the policy of reform and openness which was supposed to revitalise the Soviet empire, but instead hastened its demise. How does he see east-west relations today? Credits Interviewed Guest - Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Interviewer - Stephen Sackur http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04t4bd1
This is the original :60 version that ran internationally.
Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev says Russia and the U.S. must strengthen their ties, so that they can "lead the world to a new path." (Dec. 13) Subscribe for more Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/AssociatedPress Get updates and more Breaking News here: http://smarturl.it/APBreakingNews The Associated Press is the essential global news network, delivering fast, unbiased news from every corner of the world to all media platforms and formats. AP’s commitment to independent, comprehensive journalism has deep roots. Founded in 1846, AP has covered all the major news events of the past 165 years, providing high-quality, informed reporting of everything from wars and elections to championship games and royal weddings. AP is the largest and most trusted source of independent news ...
With Russia's presidential elections just weeks away, former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev spoke to RFE/RL's Russian Service in Moscow about prime minister and presidential hopeful Vladimir Putin's authoritarian tendencies and capacity to change.
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution. Alongside East Germany's Egon Krenz and Poland's Wojciech Jaruzelski, Gorbachev is one of the last surviving leaders of an Eastern Bloc state as of 2014. Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian--Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 wit...
When the time comes to write the history of the last part of the 20th century, the name Mikhail Gorbachev will stand out. He helped changed the world, ending the cold war, bringing an end to communism and presiding over the break-up of the Soviet Union. He sat down with the CBC's Don Murray for the first interview he had ever given to Canadian television.
Mikhail Gorbachev was Soviet Union's last head of State until its dissolution in 1991. Both his internal reforms (Glasnost and Perestroika) and his new approach to international détente, in particular his pursuit of far-reaching nuclear disarmament measures, played an important role in ending the Cold War. The summit of Reykjavik, Iceland, from 11 to 12 October 1986, was the second meeting between Gorbachev and U.S. President Ronald Reagan. As we now know from declassified documents, the two leaders came close to an agreement to abolish all nuclear weapons. --- On the eve of the summit's 26th anniversary, Gorbachev reflects on the paradigm shift that Reykjavik brought about and on the status of nuclear weapons today. The dramatic moments of this summit were recently re-enacted in the stage...
An exclusive interview with former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, in which he discusses the state of affairs in Russia and his perspective on some of the day's most pressing international issues.
Gorbachev's Speech at University of Wyoming, October 2011 Mikhail Gorbachev, who led the Soviet Union during the historic final years of the Cold War spoke on "Global Unrest and International Leadership in the 21st Century" at the University of Wyoming on Friday, Oct. 14, at 3:30 p.m. in UW's Arena-Auditorium. The event was open to the public and occured during UW's Homecoming weekend. Gorbachev served as head of state to the Soviet Union, including during its dissolution in 1991. Gorbachev is widely known for his reform measures as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan. Gorbachev is credited for his reorientation of Soviet strategic positions which coincided with the end of the Cold War. Gorbachev dedicated himself to building a relationship of mutual t...