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edit  watch   Wikipedia's contents: Geography and places Geography (Greek Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write") is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (275-195 B.C.). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities — not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches — human geography and physical geography. Geography and places: Overview • Lists • Outlines • Portals • Categories • Glossaries • Indexes edit  watch   Overview   (see for all subject areas) See also: places near you Main articles: Earth, Geography and Place Geography – Atlas • City • Climate • Demographics • Earth • Exploration • Geographic information system • History of geography • Map • Park • Place • Population density • Region • Spatial analysis • Subregion • Surveying Branches of Geography – Physical geography (Climatology, Hydrology) • Human geography • Regional geography Natural geographical features Landforms – Badlands • Canyon • Cave • Cliff • Coast • Continent • Coral reef • Crater • Desert • Forest • Geyser • Glacier • Gully • Grassland • Highland • Hill • Island • Mesa • Mountain • Mountain range • Plain • Prairie • Peninsula • Reef • Ridge • Savanna • Shoal • Steppe • Tundra • Valley • Volcano • Wetland Bodies of water – Bay • Channel • Delta • Estuary • Fjord • Headlands • Lagoon • Lake • Marsh • Ocean • Pond • River • Sea • Sound • Source (river or stream) • Spring (hydrosphere) • Strait • Stream • Swamp • Waterfall Manmade geographical features – Airport • Artificial dwelling hill • Artificial island • Breakwater • Bridge • Canal • Causeway • Country • Country subdivision • Dam (Levee) • Farm • Harbor • Nation • National park • Nature reserve • Park • Pier • Pipeline • Port • Railway • Ranch • Reservoir • Road (Street) • Settlement (Village, Town, City, Megalopolis) • Train station • Tunnel The World By hemisphere – New World • Old World |  Eastern world • Western world |  Eastern Hemisphere • Western Hemisphere |  Northern Hemisphere • Southern Hemisphere By cultural region – Anglosphere • Arab world • Chinese world (Sinosphere) • Indosphere • Sub-Saharan Africa • Europe • Latin America • Oceania By ordinal classification – First World • Second World • Third World • Fourth World • Fifth World By economic development – Developed countries • Developing countries • Least Developed Countries By continent – Africa • Antarctica • Australia • Eurasia (Europe and Asia) • North America • South America Countries and polar regions of the world: Countries of Africa Countries of Asia Countries of Europe Countries of North America Countries of Oceania Countries of South America Antarctic Arctic edit  watch   Outlines   (see for all subject areas) Geography Continents and major geopolitical regions (non-continents are italicized) Africa • Antarctica • Asia • Europe • North America • Oceania (includes Australia) • South America Political divisions of the World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region Africa West Africa Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo North Africa Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • South Sudan •Tunisia • Western Sahara Central Africa Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe East Africa Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe Southern Africa Botswana • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa • Swaziland Dependencies Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Antarctica None Asia Central Asia Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan East Asia China Tibet Hong Kong • Macau Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan North Asia Russia Southeast Asia Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia • East Timor (Timor-Leste) • Indonesia • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines (Metro Manila) • Singapore • Thailand (Bangkok) • Vietnam South Asia Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka India States of India: Andhra Pradesh • Arunachal Pradesh • Assam • Bihar • Chhattisgarh • Goa • Gujarat • Haryana • Himachal Pradesh • Jammu and Kashmir • Jharkhand • Karnataka • Kerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Meghalaya • Mizoram • Nagaland • Odisha • Punjab • Rajasthan • Sikkim • Tamil Nadu • Telangana • Tripura • Uttar Pradesh • Uttarakhand • West Bengal West Asia Armenia • Azerbaijan • Bahrain • Cyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia • Iran • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • State of Palestine • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey • United Arab Emirates • Yemen Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them) North Caucasus Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai) South Caucasus Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic) Europe Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Norway Svalbard Spain Autonomous communities of Spain: Catalonia Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine United Kingdom England (London) • Northern Ireland • Scotland • Wales • Cornwall Vatican City European Union North America Canada Provinces of Canada: • Alberta • British Columbia • Manitoba • New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario (Toronto) • Prince Edward Island • Quebec • Saskatchewan Territories of Canada: Northwest Territories • Nunavut • Yukon Greenland • Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) Mexico Central America Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama Caribbean Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands Oceania (includes the continent of Australia) Australasia Australia Dependencies/Territories of Australia Christmas Island • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island New Zealand Melanesia Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu • Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (USA) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) • Polynesia American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France) South America Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela South Atlantic Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha edit  watch   Lists   (see for all subject areas) Countries • Country-related topics Lists by country – Flags • Politics Country subdivisions – Cities • Counties • Neighborhoods • Places Geographical features Land features • Deserts • Highest points • Islands • Mountains • Mountain passes • Mountain ranges • Volcanoes Bodies of water • Canals • Lakes • Oceans • Reservoirs and dams • Rivers • Straits • Waterways Man-made boundaries • Countries that border only one other country • Enclaves and exclaves • Border irregularities of the United States Other: List of slums edit  watch   Portals   (see for all subject areas) Geography (Atlas • Islands • Mountains) Africa Algeria • Angola • Benin • Botswana • Burkina Faso • Burundi • Cameroon • Cape Verde • Central African Republic • Chad • Côte d'Ivoire • Republic of the Congo • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Djibouti • Egypt • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Gabon • The Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Kenya  (Mombasa, Nairobi) • Liberia • Libya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mali • Mauritania • Mauritius • Morocco • Mozambique • Namibia • Niger • Nigeria (Port Harcourt, Lagos)  • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Somalia • South Africa • South Sudan • Sudan • Tanzania • Togo • Tunisia • Uganda • Western Sahara • Zambia • Zimbabwe Antarctica • Arctic Asia Bhutan • Bangladesh • (Bengal, Chittagong, Dhaka) • Cambodia • China (Beijing, Hong Kong, Macau, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tibet) • Taiwan • Himalaya region • India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Hisar, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Kollam, Mumbai, Patna, Trichy, Udaipur, Jodhpur) • Indonesia • Japan (Osaka, Tokyo) • Kazakhstan • Korea (North Korea, South Korea, Seoul) • Kyrgyzstan • Malaysia • Mongolia • Nepal • Pakistan (Chitral, Karachi, Lahore, Jhelum, Islamabad, Sialkot) • Philippines (Bohol) • Punjab • SAARC • Singapore • Sri Lanka • Tajikistan • Thailand • Turkey • Vietnam Europe European Union Austria (Vienna, Tyrol) • Basque • Belgium (Brussels) • Bulgaria • Channel Islands • Corsica • Croatia • Czech Republic (Prague) • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France (Paris, Lyon) • Germany (Baden-Württemberg • Bavaria • East Frisia • Hamburg • Lower Saxony • North Rhine-Westphalia • Saxony-Anhalt • Schleswig-Holstein) • Gibraltar • Greece (Macedonia) • Hungary (Budapest, Miskolc) • Ireland (Kilkenny) • Italy (Rome, Milan, Venice) • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania  (Bucharest) • Silesia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain (Galicia) • Sweden • United Kingdom (England (Bristol, Cornwall, Devon, Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, London, Luton, Stamford, North West England (Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Yorkshire), Somerset, Wiltshire, South East England (East Sussex, Kent, Hampshire, Oxfordshire)) • Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales) Albania (Tirana) • Andorra • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Catalan-speaking countries • Faroe Islands • Georgia • Iceland • Isle of Man • Kosovo • Republic of Macedonia • Moldova • Montenegro • Norway • Russia  (Chechnya, Moscow) • Serbia • Switzerland (Geneva) • Turkey • Ukraine (Crimea) • Vatican City Latin America and Caribbean Argentina (Buenos Aires • Rosario)  • Belize • Bermuda • Brazil • Bolivia • Chile (Pichilemu) • Colombia • Costa Rica • Cuba • Dominican Republic • Ecuador • El Salvador • Guatemala • Guyana • Haiti • Jamaica • Mexico • Nicaragua • Panama • Paraguay • Peru • Puerto Rico • Suriname • Trinidad and Tobago • Uruguay • Venezuela Places near you Middle East Afghanistan • Cyprus • Egypt • Iran (Tabaristan) • Iraq • Israel (Jerusalem) • Jordan • Kazakhstan • Kurdistan • Lebanon • Libya • Morocco • Oman • Palestine • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Tajikistan • Turkey • United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) • Uzbekistan  North America Canada:  • Geography of Canada Alberta (Calgary, Edmonton) • British Columbia (Vancouver) • Manitoba • New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's) • Northwest Territories • Nova Scotia • Nunavut • Ontario (Eastern Ontario • Ottawa •Toronto • Hamilton) • Prince Edward Island  • Quebec (Montreal, Quebec City, Estrie, Laurentides, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean) • Saskatchewan • Yukon Mexico  San Diego–Tijuana United States Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California (Greater Los Angeles • San Diego • San Diego–Tijuana, San Francisco Bay Area) • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • District of Columbia • Florida  (Jacksonville • Miami) • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois (Chicago) • Indiana (Indianapolis) • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky (Louisville) • Louisiana (New Orleans) • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan (Detroit) • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada (Las Vegas) • New England • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York (New York City • Capital District • Finger Lakes • Hudson Valley • Syracuse) • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio (Cleveland) • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania (Erie • Lancaster • Philadelphia • Pittsburgh) • Puerto Rico • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas (Austin • Dallas • Houston) • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington (Seattle) • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming Oceania Australia Australian Capital Territory • New South Wales (City of Bankstown • Sydney) • Northern Territory • Queensland (Brisbane) • South Australia • Tasmania • Victoria (Melbourne) • Western Australia (Perth) Kiribati • Micronesia • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea • Tuvalu edit  watch   Glossaries   (see for all subject areas) Medieval land terms • Terms for country subdivisions edit  watch   Categories   (see for all subject areas) Main categories: Geography and Places Earth World Bodies of water Cities Communities Continents Countries Deserts Lakes Landforms Mountains Navigation Oceans Populated places Protected areas Regions Rivers Subterranea Territories Towns Villages edit  watch   Indexes   (see for all subject areas) Main index: Geography See also: Geography of present-day nations and states Continents and major geopolitical regions (non-continents are italicized): Africa • Antarctica • Asia • Europe • North America • Oceania (includes Australia) • South America Political divisions of World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region: Africa: West Africa: Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo North Africa: Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara Central Africa: Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe East Africa: Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe Southern Africa: Botswana • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa • Swaziland Dependencies: British Indian Ocean Territory (UK) • Mayotte (France) • Réunion (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Canary Islands (Spain) • Ceuta (Spain) • Madeira (Portugal) • Melilla (Spain) • Socotra (Yemen) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Antarctica: Antarctica Asia: Central Asia: Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan East Asia: China Index of China-related articles (0–L) Index of China-related articles (M–Z) Tibet Hong Kong • Macau Japan 0-9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z Korea: 0-9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z North Korea South Korea Mongolia • Taiwan North Asia: Russia Southeast Asia: Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia • East Timor (Timor-Leste) • Indonesia • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Thailand • Vietnam South Asia: Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • India (Andhra Pradesh) • Iran • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka West Asia: Armenia • Azerbaijan • Bahrain • Cyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Palestine Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey • United Arab Emirates • Yemen Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them): North Caucasus: Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai) South Caucasus: Georgia (including disputed Abhkazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic) Europe: Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Svalbard • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • Vatican City European Union North America: Canada Canadian provinces Alberta • British Columbia • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario • Quebec • Saskatchewan Aboriginal Canadian Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States U.S. administrative divisions Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) U.S. counties African American Asian American Central America: Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama Caribbean: Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands Oceania: (includes the continent of Australia): Australasia: Australia Dependencies/Territories of Australia: Christmas Island • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island New Zealand Melanesia: Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu Micronesia: Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (USA) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) Polynesia American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France) South America: Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela South Atlantic: Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha edit  watch   Wikipedia's contents pages Content listings Types Overviews Featured content Outlines Lists Portals Glossaries Categories Indicies Topics Current events Reference Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Places, people and times Academic disciplines Anniversaries today Countries and territories People deaths this year Timelines centuries decades Indices A–Z index Categories Dewey Decimal classes Library of Congress Classification Roget's Thesaurus Spoken articles Wikipedia books