九
Contents
Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character[edit]
九 (radical 5 乙+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition ⿻丿乙)
Related characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 83, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
- Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 48, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E5D
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
九 | |
---|---|---|
alt. forms | 玖 financial 𠔀 𢌬 𣲄 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 九
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
尻 | *kʰuː |
訄 | *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu |
艽 | *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
虓 | *qʰruː |
鳩 | *ku |
勼 | *ku |
九 | *kuʔ |
究 | *kus |
仇 | *ɡu |
鼽 | *ɡu |
犰 | *ɡu |
叴 | *ɡu |
厹 | *ɡu |
頄 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
朹 | *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ |
馗 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
扏 | *ɡu |
訅 | *ɡu |
釚 | *ɡu |
肍 | *ɡu |
軌 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
宄 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
氿 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
匭 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
泦 | *kuɡ |
旭 | *qʰʷoɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手, 寸. The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the the last number when counting on one's fingers.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gau2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiú
- Min Dong (BUC): gāu / giū
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): jieu (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
- Wade-Giles: chiu3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gau2
- Yale: gáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: gau2
- IPA (key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú
- Hakka Romanization System: giu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: giu3
- IPA: /ki̯u³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gāu / giū
- IPA (key): /kau³³/, /kieu³³/
- Note: gāu - vernacular; giū - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káu / kiú
- Tâi-lô: káu / kiú
- Phofsit Daibuun: kao, kiuo
- IPA (Taipei): /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
- Note: káu - vernacular; kiú - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gao2 / giu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káu / kiú
- IPA (key): /kau⁵²/, /kiu⁵²/
- Note: gao2 - vernacular; giu2 - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jieu (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɜ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 九 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 舉有切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɨuX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kiuX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kiəuX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kuwX/ |
Li Rong |
/kiuX/ |
Wang Li |
/kĭəuX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ki̯ə̯uX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiǔ |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 九 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiǔ |
Middle Chinese |
‹ kjuwX › |
Old Chinese |
/*[k]uʔ/ |
English | nine |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 九 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 6941 |
Phonetic component |
九 |
Rime group |
幽 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
久 |
Old Chinese |
/*kuʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
九
- nine
- (figuratively) many
- (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
See also[edit]
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Cardinal | 〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
Financial | 零 | 壹 | 貳 贰 |
參 叁 |
肆 | 伍 | 陸 陆 |
柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: く (ku)
- Kan’on: きゅう (kyū), (historical) きう (kiu)
- Kun: ここの (kokono), ここのつ (九つ, kokonotsu)
- Nanori: いちじく (ichijiku), いちのく (ichinoku), この (kono), ひさし (hisashi)
Compounds[edit]
|
Etymology 1[edit]
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : 九 | ||
From Early Middle Chinese. Goon, the initial reading when first borrowed into Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Number[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese. Kan'on, a later reading. Borrowed after palatalisation occurred in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
九 (hiragana きゅう, romaji kyū, historical hiragana きう)
Noun[edit]
九 (hiragana きゅう, romaji kyū, historical hiragana きう)
- nine
- an indeterminate large number, a myriad, a great many
- (divination) the number of yang, in opposition to 六 (roku, “six”) as the number of yin
Alternative forms[edit]
- (large number): 究
Etymology 3[edit]
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
九 (hiragana ここの, romaji -kokono)
Etymology 4[edit]
/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of Old Japanese kokono (“nine”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Number[edit]
- nine
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
- hī, fū, mī, ... nana, yā, kono, tō
- one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
Alternative forms[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.
References[edit]
- The Japan Times (March 17, 2010). You can count on the tales behind number-kanji. Accessed March 23, 2010.
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Sound (hangeul): 구 (revised: gu, McCune-Reischauer: ku, Yale: kwu)
- Name (hangeul): 아홉 (revised: ahop, McCune-Reischauer: ahop, Yale: ahop)
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
九 (cửu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese numerals
- Mandarin numerals
- Cantonese numerals
- Hakka numerals
- Min Dong numerals
- Min Nan numerals
- Wu numerals
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- zh:Weather
- Chinese cardinal numbers
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji read as く
- Japanese kanji read as きゅう
- Japanese kanji read as きう
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese numeral symbols
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 九
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese counters
- Japanese basic words
- Japanese numerals
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Korean numeral symbols
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters