Help:IPA for Korean
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea.
See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.
| IPA | Hangul | RR | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| b[1] | ㅂ | b | ball |
| d[2] | ㄷ | d | doll |
| dʑ[3] | ㅈ | j | gee |
| ɡ~ɣ[4] | ㄱ | g | gall |
| h | ㅎ | h | hall |
| k | ㄱ, [ㅋ][5] | g, k | kid |
| k͈ | ㄲ | kk | skin |
| kʰ | ㅋ, [ㅎㄱ] | k | cup |
| l | ㄹ, [ㄴ][6] | l | lip |
| m | ㅁ, ㅂ[7] | m | mall |
| n | ㄴ [ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ][8] |
n | not |
| ŋ | ㅇ, [ㄱ][9] | ng | king |
| p | ㅂ, [ㅍ][10] | b, p | paint |
| p͈ | ㅃ | pp | spit |
| pʰ | ㅍ, [ㅎㅂ] | p | paint |
| ɾ | ㄹ | r | like Scots r or American ladder |
| sʰ | ㅅ | s | like see, but aspirated, with more breath |
| s͈ | ㅆ | ss | see |
| ɕʰ[11] | ㅅ | s | she |
| ɕ͈[12] | ㅆ | ss | see |
| t | ㄷ [ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ][13] |
d t |
tall |
| t͈ | ㄸ | tt | stall |
| tʰ | ㅌ, [ㅎㄷ] | t | tall |
| tɕ | ㅈ | j | cheek |
| tɕ͈ | ㅉ | jj | pizza |
| tɕʰ | ㅊ, [ㅎㅈ] | ch | cheek |
| w | [ㅜ, ㅗ][14] | w | wall |
| IPA | Hangul | RR | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | ㅏ | a | bat |
| aː | spa | ||
| e | ㅔ | e | set, Spanish queso |
| eː | says, Brazilian Portuguese peixes | ||
| ɛ | ㅐ | ae | bet, Italian bella |
| ɛː | rays, French fête | ||
| i | ㅣ | i | mean |
| iː | |||
| o | ㅗ | o | core |
| oː | |||
| ø | ㅚ | oe | weld |
| øː | |||
| u | ㅜ | u | moon |
| uː | |||
| ʌ | ㅓ | eo | mud |
| əː | pearl (RP), with spread lips | ||
| ɯ | ㅡ | eu | somewhat like book; moon but without rounded lips |
| ɯː | |||
| ɰi | ㅢ | ui | like wee but with spread lips |
Notes[edit]
- ^ Allophone of /p/ between voiced sounds.
- ^ Allophone of /t/ between voiced sounds.
- ^ Allophone of /tɕ/ between voiced sounds.
- ^ Allophone of /k/ between voiced sounds.
- ^ ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
- ^ ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [l:].
- ^ ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
- ^ ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
- ^ ㅇ is [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m], or [ɾ].
- ^ ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
- ^ Allophone of /s/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ^ Allophone of /s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ^ All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
- ^ Spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i]; ㅗ before [ɛ], [a]; ㅚ [ø] can also be pronounced [we]
References[edit]
- Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2002). 음성의 연구와 음성의 표기법 [Phonetic Notation in Phonetic Research] (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2002.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2004). In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2004.
- Sohn, Ho-min (2001). The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521369436.
