| Serbia — Србија — Srbija |
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Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија or Republika Srbija), is a country in central and southeastern Europe, covering the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Plain. The capital is Belgrade. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia and Albania to the south; and Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west.
Serbia was part of various South Slavic states, including the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1941, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003, and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006. After Montenegro voted to leave the State Union, Serbia officially proclaimed its independence on June 5, 2006, as the successor state to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
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The badnjak (Cyrillic: бадњак, Serbian pronunciation: [ˈbǎdɲaːk]), also called veseljak (весељак, [ʋɛˈsɛ̌ʎaːk], literally "jovial one" in Serbian), is represented by three types of objects in Serbian Christmas celebrations. The oldest type is a log brought into the house and placed on the fire on the evening of Christmas Eve, much like a yule log in other European traditions. The tree from which the log is cut, preferably a young and straight oak, is ceremonially felled early on the morning of Christmas Eve. The felling, preparation, bringing in, and laying on the fire, are surrounded by elaborate rituals, with many regional variations. The burning of the log is accompanied by prayers that the coming year brings food, happiness, love, luck, and riches. The log burns on throughout Christmas Day, when the first visitor strikes it with a poker or a branch to make sparks fly, requesting that the family's happiness and prosperity be as abundant as the sparks. Another type of the badnjak that has developed among the Serbs has mostly replaced the traditional log, whose burning is usually unfeasible in modern homes. It is a cluster of oak twigs with brown leaves attached, with which the home is decorated on the Eve.
... that Lazar, a Serbian monk, built the first mechanical clock in Russia in 1404, one of the first in Europe, at the request of Vasily I of Moscow?
... that Jadarite, a new mineral discovered in Jadar in 2006, has almost the exact same chemical formula as Kryptonite?
... that a one-armed Russian military officer became a monk in Praskvica Monastery and built a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) stone road from Sveti Stefan to the monastery?
... that, based on the research of historian Momčilo Spremić, it is possible that Vuk Branković really betrayed his Serbian allies during the Battle of Kosovo in 1389?
... that the medieval Church of the Holy Mother of God in Donja Kamenica, Serbia, features unusual towers on either side of the entrance?
... that Dragan Velić is the current President of the Union of Serbian Districts and District Units of Kosovo and Metohija of North Kosovo?
- Population statistics of Serbia (2011 census)
- Serbia 7,186,862
- Belgrade region 1,659,440
- Vojvodina region 1,931,809
- Šumadija and West Serbia region 2,031,697
- South and East Serbia region 1,563,916
- Kosovo and Metohija n/a
- writing new articles and identifying those needing creation
- improving articles and identifying those needing improvement
- undertaking project maintenance – help adding project templates to article and category talk pages – see templates page
- identifying relevant articles and add {{WikiProject Serbia}} to their talk page.
- assessing articles for quality and assessment standards – see the assessment page.
- assessing and recommending resources (online and print) – see the resources page.
- contributing to the Serbia portal – see the Serbia portal
- communicating with project members – at the project talk page
- add missing images – see also Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in Serbia
- inviting potential members – add {{WPSRB Invite}} to their talk pages.
Peter I (Serbian: Petar I Karađorđević, Петар I Карађорђевић) (29 June 1844 – 16 August 1921), was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918, and subsequently the ruler of Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia). He was member of the Royal House of Karađorđević. As the leader of victorious Serbian army in World War I, he also received the nickname "Liberator" (Oslobodilac) after the war. The Western-educated King attempted to liberalise Serbia with the goal of creating a Western-style constitutional monarchy, even translating John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty" into Serbian. Peter chose to "retire" due to ill health following the Balkan Wars which, from a Serb perspective, were a great success. Executive power passed to his son Alexander. The King was relatively inactive during the First World War, although he did occasionally visit trenches to check up on his troops. One memorable visit in 1915 involved Peter, by then 71, picking up a rifle and shooting at enemy soldiers. Following Serbia's military defeat to the forces of Austro-Hungary Peter led the army and civilian refugees through the mountains to the sea on a 'Calvary known to few peoples'. The King had on 24 June 1914 reassigned his royal prerogatives to the Heir apparent Crown Prince Alexander. His last public appearance was on 1 December 1918, when he was proclaimed King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. King Peter I died in Belgrade in 1921 at the age of 77.
Largest cities of Serbia (2011 census)
- Belgrade - 1,731,425
- Novi Sad - 335,701
- Niš - 257,867
- Pristina- 198,000
- Kragujevac - 177,468
- Leskovac - 143,962
- Subotica - 140,358
- Kruševac - 127,429
- Kraljevo - 124,554
- Zrenjanin - 122,714
- Pančevo - 122,252
- Šabac - 115,347
- Čačak - 114,809
- Smederevo - 107,528
- Sombor - 97,263
- Valjevo - 95,631
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