- published: 04 Nov 2015
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A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration.
Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, and three-center two-electron bonds. The term covalent bond dates from 1939. The prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, etc.; thus a "co-valent bond", in essence, means that the atoms share "valence", such as is discussed in valence bond theory.
In the molecule H
2, the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding. Covalency is greatest between atoms of similar electronegativities. Thus, covalent bonding does not necessarily require that the two atoms be of the same elements, only that they be of comparable electronegativity. Covalent bonding that entails sharing of electrons over more than two atoms is said to be delocalized.
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You will learn about "Covalent Bond" in this video. Noble gases have complete outer electron shells, which make them stable. In order to get that kind of stability, atoms come together to achieve the noble gas configuration. This coming together and sharing of electron pairs leads to the formation of a chemical bond known as a covalent bond. Let us understand covalent bonds with the help of an example. Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. To attain stability, i.e. to complete its octet, Chlorine requires one more electron in its outermost shell. So two chlorine atoms come together and share their electrons to form a molecule of chlorine. In this way, each atom will have eight electrons in its valence shell. As a single pair of electrons is shared between them, the bond is kno...
019 - Covalent Bonding In this video Paul Andersen explains how covalent bonds form between atoms that are sharing electrons. Atoms that have the same electronegativity create nonpolar covalent bonds. The bond energy and bond length can be determined by graphing the potential energy versus the distance between atoms. Atoms that share electrons unequally form nonpolar covalent bonds. Music Attribution Title: String Theory Artist: Herman Jolly http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: "Electronegativities of the Elements (data Page)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, August 10, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&oldid;=565034286. "Fi...
Join the Socratica team - become our Patron on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/socratica Chemistry: What is a Covalent Bond? (Polar and Nonpolar) Covalent bonds are one of the 3 main types of intramolecular forces, along with ionic bonds and metallic bonds. Covalent bonds are the result of atoms sharing their valence electrons. Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar, depending on the electronegativies of the atoms involved in the bond. We show five examples of covalent bonds using Lewis dot structure notation: HF, CO2, H2, H2O and CCl4. You can click on the links below to jump to sections in the lesson: 0:28 Definition of a Covalent Bond 0:42 Example 1: HF (single covalent bond) 1:23 Example 2: CO2 (double covalent bond) 2:09 Nonpolar covalent bonds 2:20 Example 3: H2 2:43 ...
Simple Covalent Bonding Explanation with Lewis Dot Diagrams.
Atoms are a lot like us - we call their relationships "bonds," and there are many different types. Each kind of atomic relationship requires a different type of energy, but they all do best when they settle into the lowest stress situation possible. The nature of the bond between atoms is related to the distance between them and, like people, it also depends on how positive or negative they are. Unlike with human relationships, we can analyze exactly what makes chemical relationships work, and that's what this episode is all about. If you are paying attention, you will learn that chemical bonds form in order to minimize the energy difference between two atoms or ions; that those chemical bonds may be covalent if atoms share electrons, and that covalent bonds can share those electrons even...
To see all my Chemistry videos, check out http://socratic.org/chemistry How can you tell the difference between compounds that are ionic and molecular (also known as covalent)? It has to do with the elements that make them up: ionic compounds are made of metals and nonmetals, and molecular (or covalent) compounds are made of nonmetals. We'll learn how they bond differently: in covalent compounds, the atoms share electrons, and in ion compounds, atoms steal electrons and then opposite charges attract. Ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds also look different at the microscopic level: covalent and molecular compounds exist in molecules, while ionic compounds are organized in lattice structures.
Ionic bonding formed when one atom has sufficient strength of attraction to remove ion from the other atom. Covalent bonding occurs when neither atom has sufficient strength to remove the other atom's electron. They would instead share electrons to form stable configurations of electrons.
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http://www.sciencetutorial4u.com This video explains how to draw covalent molecules and compounds. Contents: 0:08 Introduction 0:39 H2 1:25 HCl 2:23 Cl2 3:18 CH4 4:27 NH3 5:37 H2O 6:52 O2 7:57 N2 Thank you for watching. Please like, subscribe and share this video: https://youtu.be/_v8C1W0ChVM INTRODUCTION 0:08 Covalent bonding happens between non-metals. The electrons are shared between the non-metal atoms. This bonding allow atoms to have full outer shell of electrons. Only the electrons in the outer shell take part in the bonding. The number of electrons in the outer shell can be found out using the group in the periodic table. H2 0:39 Hydrogen is in group 1 so it has one electron in the outer shell. Hydrogen molecules have single bond which means they have...
The following lesson looks at drawing Electron Dot or Lewis Dot diagrams of various ionic and covalent compounds, including polyatomic compounds.
Lewis Dot Structures for Covalent Compounds - Part 1 - This awesome video shows how to draw lewis dot structures for covalent compounds. Step by step instruction is provided on how to draw these molecular lewis dot structures. In order to fully understand this video, you'll need to know how to determine the number of valance electrons an element has. You'll find that these molecules also have single, double and triple covalent bonds.Thanks for tuning in. Peace.
Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds Instructor: Graham Walker View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/7-01SCF11 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2008 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F08 Instructor: Catherine Drennan, Elizabeth Vogel Taylor License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
Lecture recording covering Chapter 2, Acids & Bases, from McMurry's Organic Chemistry.
We look at the number of Electron Domains to determine how many Atomic Orbitals (AO's) will be used to make the same number of Hybrid Orbitals (HO's). The different shapes of the atomic orbitals fail to account for the identical bonding seen in a molecule, and Hybrid Orbital Theory is successful in describing what we see experimentally. I often think of hybrid orbitals as "renaming" orbitals from atomic orbitals.
Octet rule is that every atom wants to have a full outer shell. There is two ways this can be done. Either gaining or losing an electron. IONIC BONDS Sodium (Na) loses one electron while Flourine gains one electron. The outer shell from the sodium is gone. Now that the electron is gone it has a charge of +1. Flourine has a charge of -1. Therefore there is a transfer of electron. The bond is formed because of the opposite charges. The bond is relatively weak because if a stronger positive comes along then flourine will leave Sodium and go to the larger positive charge. Therefore Ionic bonds are weak bonds. The boiling point and melting point of these bonds are relatively high because ionic bonds have a lattice energy. Ionic bonds can only be made between metals and non-metals. COVALENT ...
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2008 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F08 Instructor: Catherine Drennan, Elizabeth Vogel Taylor License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
In this video we will learn about intramolecular forces and discuss ionic bonding, polar covalent bonds, and non polar covalent bonds. We will also apply the concepts learned to a sample problem where we learn how to determine the type of chemical bond that exists between two atoms.