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Map of the Earth
Geography (Greek Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write") is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (275-195 B.C.). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities — not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches — human geography and physical geography.
Geography and places: OverviewListsOutlinesPortalsCategoriesGlossariesIndexes

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See also: places near you
Main articles: Earth, Geography and Place

Geography – Atlas • City • Climate • Demographics • Earth • Exploration • Geographic information system • History of geography • Map • Park • Place • Population density • Region • Spatial analysis • Subregion • Surveying

Branches of Geography – Physical geography (Climatology, Hydrology) • Human geography • Regional geography
Natural geographical features
Landforms – Badlands • Canyon • Cave • Cliff • Coast • Continent • Coral reef • Crater • Desert • Forest • Geyser • Glacier • Gully • Grassland • Highland • Hill • Island • Mesa • Mountain • Mountain range • Plain • Prairie • Peninsula • Reef • Ridge • Savanna • Shoal • Steppe • Tundra • Valley • Volcano • Wetland
Bodies of water – Bay • Channel • Delta • Estuary • Fjord • Headlands • Lagoon • Lake • Marsh • Ocean • Pond • River • Sea • Sound • Source (river or stream) • Spring (hydrosphere) • Strait • Stream • Swamp • Waterfall
Manmade geographical features – Airport • Artificial dwelling hill • Artificial island • Breakwater • Bridge • Canal • Causeway • Country • Country subdivision • Dam (Levee) • Farm • Harbor • Nation • National park • Nature reserve • Park • Pier • Pipeline • Port • Railway • Ranch • Reservoir • Road (Street) • Settlement (Village, Town, City, Megalopolis) • Train station • Tunnel
The World
By hemisphere – New World • Old World |  Eastern world • Western world |  Eastern Hemisphere • Western Hemisphere |  Northern Hemisphere • Southern Hemisphere
By cultural region – Anglosphere • Arab world • Chinese world (Sinosphere) • Indosphere • Sub-Saharan Africa • Europe • Latin America • Oceania
By ordinal classification – First World • Second World • Third World • Fourth World • Fifth World
By economic development – Developed countries • Developing countries • Least Developed Countries
By continent – Africa • Antarctica • Australia • Eurasia (Europe and Asia) • North America • South America
Countries and polar regions of the world:
Africa (orthographic projection).svg
Countries of Africa
Asia (orthographic projection).svg
Countries of Asia
Europe (orthographic projection).svg
Countries of Europe
Location North America.svg
Countries of North America
Oceania (orthographic projection).svg
Countries of Oceania
South America (orthographic projection).svg
Countries of South America
Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg
Antarctic
Arctic (orthographic projection).svg
Arctic

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P literature.svg Outlines   (see for all subject areas)

Geography

Continents and major geopolitical regions (non-continents are italicized)
Africa • Antarctica • AsiaEuropeNorth AmericaOceania (includes Australia) • South America
Political divisions of the World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region
Africa
West Africa LocationWesternAfrica.png
BeninBurkina FasoCape VerdeCôte d'IvoireGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneTogo
North Africa LocationNorthernAfrica.png
AlgeriaEgyptLibyaMauritaniaMoroccoSudanSouth SudanTunisiaWestern Sahara
Central Africa LocationCentralMiddleAfrica.png
AngolaBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadThe Democratic Republic of the CongoEquatorial GuineaGabonRepublic of the CongoRwandaSão Tomé and Príncipe
East Africa LocationEasternAfrica.png
BurundiComorosDjiboutiEritreaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMauritiusMozambiqueRwandaSeychellesSomaliaTanzaniaUgandaZambiaZimbabwe
Southern Africa LocationSouthernAfrica.png
BotswanaLesothoNamibiaSouth AfricaSwaziland
Dependencies
Mayotte (France)St. Helena (UK)PuntlandSomalilandSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Antarctica
None
Asia
Central Asia
KazakhstanKyrgyzstanTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan
East Asia
China
Tibet
Hong KongMacau
JapanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaMongoliaTaiwan
North Asia
Russia
Southeast Asia
BruneiBurma (Myanmar)CambodiaEast Timor (Timor-Leste)IndonesiaLaosMalaysiaPhilippines (Metro Manila) • SingaporeThailand (Bangkok) • Vietnam
South Asia
AfghanistanBangladeshBhutanMaldivesNepalPakistanSri Lanka
India
States of India: Andhra Pradesh • Arunachal Pradesh • Assam • Bihar • Chhattisgarh • Goa • Gujarat • Haryana • Himachal Pradesh • Jammu and Kashmir • Jharkhand • Karnataka • Kerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Meghalaya • Mizoram • Nagaland • Odisha • Punjab • Rajasthan • Sikkim • Tamil Nadu • Telangana • Tripura • Uttar Pradesh • Uttarakhand • West Bengal
West Asia
ArmeniaAzerbaijanBahrainCyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • GeorgiaIranIraqIsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonOmanState of Palestine • QatarSaudi ArabiaSyriaTurkeyUnited Arab EmiratesYemen
Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)
North Caucasus
Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)
South Caucasus
Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • ArmeniaAzerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)
Europe Europe location.png
Akrotiri and DhekeliaÅlandAlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFaroe IslandsFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGibraltarGreeceGuernseyHungaryIcelandIrelandIsle of ManItalyJerseyKazakhstanKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldova (including disputed Transnistria) • MonacoMontenegroNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSlovenia
Norway
Svalbard
Spain
Autonomous communities of Spain: Catalonia
SwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraine
United Kingdom
England (London) • Northern IrelandScotlandWalesCornwall
Vatican City
European Union
North America
Canada LocationCanadaAmerica.png
Provinces of Canada:AlbertaBritish ColumbiaManitobaNew BrunswickNewfoundland and LabradorNova ScotiaOntario (Toronto) • Prince Edward IslandQuebecSaskatchewan
Territories of Canada: Northwest TerritoriesNunavutYukon
GreenlandSaint Pierre and Miquelon
United States Location USA in America.PNG
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
Mexico Location mexico in america.jpg
Central America
BelizeCosta RicaEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanama
Caribbean
AnguillaAntigua and BarbudaArubaBahamasBarbadosBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsCubaDominicaDominican RepublicGrenadaHaitiJamaicaMontserratNetherlands AntillesPuerto RicoSaint BarthélemySaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and TobagoTurks and Caicos IslandsUnited States Virgin Islands
Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)
Australasia
Australia Location Australia.svg
Dependencies/Territories of Australia
Christmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsNorfolk Island
New Zealand
Melanesia
FijiIndonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New GuineaSolomon IslandsVanuatu
Micronesia
Federated States of MicronesiaGuam (USA) • KiribatiMarshall IslandsNauruNorthern Mariana Islands (USA) • PalauWake Island (USA) •
Polynesia
American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • AdamstownSamoaTokelau (NZ) • TongaTuvaluWallis and Futuna (France)
South America Location of South America.svg
ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFalkland IslandsGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela
South Atlantic
Ascension IslandSaint HelenaTristan da Cunha

GeographyCscr-featured.svg (AtlasCscr-featured.svgIslandsMountains)

AfricaCscr-featured.svg

Algeria • AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCentral African Republic • ChadCôte d'Ivoire • Republic of the Congo • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Djibouti • Egypt • Eritrea • EthiopiaGabonThe GambiaGhana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Kenya  (Mombasa, Nairobi) • LiberiaLibya • MadagascarMalawiMali • Mauritania • MauritiusMorocco • Mozambique • NamibiaNigerNigeria (Port Harcourt, Lagos)  • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Somalia • South Africa • South Sudan • Sudan • Tanzania • Togo • Tunisia • Uganda • Western Sahara • Zambia • Zimbabwe

Antarctica • Arctic

Asia

Bhutan • BangladeshCscr-featured.svg • (Bengal, Chittagong, Dhaka) • Cambodia • China (Beijing, Hong KongCscr-featured.svg, Macau, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tibet) • Taiwan • Himalaya region • IndiaCscr-featured.svg (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, KeralaCscr-featured.svg, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West BengalCscr-featured.svg (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Hisar, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Kollam, Mumbai, Patna, Trichy, Udaipur, Jodhpur) • IndonesiaCscr-featured.svg • JapanCscr-featured.svg (Osaka, Tokyo) • Kazakhstan • Korea (North Korea, South Korea, Seoul) • Kyrgyzstan • Malaysia • Mongolia • Nepal • Pakistan (Chitral, Karachi, Lahore, Jhelum, Islamabad, Sialkot) • Philippines (Bohol) • Punjab • SAARC • Singapore • Sri Lanka • Tajikistan • Thailand • Turkey • Vietnam

Europe

European UnionCscr-featured.svg
Austria (ViennaTyrol) • Basque • Belgium (Brussels) • BulgariaCscr-featured.svg • Channel Islands • Corsica • Croatia • Czech Republic (Prague) • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • FranceCscr-featured.svg (ParisLyon) • GermanyCscr-featured.svg (Baden-Württemberg • Bavaria • East Frisia • Hamburg • Lower Saxony • North Rhine-Westphalia • Saxony-Anhalt • Schleswig-Holstein) • GibraltarCscr-featured.svg • Greece (Macedonia) • Hungary (Budapest, Miskolc) • IrelandCscr-featured.svg (Kilkenny) • Italy (Rome, Milan, Venice) • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands • PolandCscr-featured.svg • Portugal • Romania  (Bucharest) • Silesia • Slovakia • Slovenia • SpainCscr-featured.svg (Galicia) • Sweden • United Kingdom (England (BristolCscr-featured.svg, Cornwall, Devon, Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, LondonCscr-featured.svg, Luton, Stamford, North West EnglandCscr-featured.svg (CheshireCscr-featured.svg, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Yorkshire), SomersetCscr-featured.svg, Wiltshire, South East England (East Sussex, Kent, Hampshire, Oxfordshire)) • Northern Ireland, ScotlandCscr-featured.svg, WalesCscr-featured.svg)
Albania (Tirana) • Andorra • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Catalan-speaking countries • Faroe Islands • Georgia • IcelandCscr-featured.svg • Isle of Man • Kosovo • Republic of Macedonia • Moldova • Montenegro • NorwayCscr-featured.svg • RussiaCscr-featured.svg  (Chechnya, Moscow) • Serbia • Switzerland (Geneva) • Turkey • UkraineCscr-featured.svg (Crimea) • Vatican City

Latin AmericaCscr-featured.svg and Caribbean

Argentina (Buenos Aires • Rosario)  • Belize • Bermuda • BrazilCscr-featured.svg • Bolivia • Chile (Pichilemu) • Colombia • Costa Rica • CubaCscr-featured.svg • Dominican Republic • Ecuador • El Salvador • Guatemala • Guyana • Haiti • Jamaica • Mexico • Nicaragua • Panama • Paraguay • PeruCscr-featured.svg • Puerto Rico • Suriname • Trinidad and Tobago • Uruguay • Venezuela

Middle East
Afghanistan • Cyprus • Egypt • Iran (Tabaristan) • Iraq • Israel (Jerusalem) • Jordan • Kazakhstan • Kurdistan • Lebanon • Libya • Morocco • Oman • Palestine • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Tajikistan • Turkey • United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) • Uzbekistan 
North America
Canada:  • Geography of Canada
Alberta (Calgary, Edmonton) • British Columbia (Vancouver) • Manitoba • New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's) • Northwest Territories • Nova Scotia • Nunavut • Ontario (Eastern Ontario • Ottawa •Toronto • Hamilton) • Prince Edward Island  • Quebec (Montreal, Quebec City, Estrie, Laurentides, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean) • Saskatchewan • Yukon
Mexico 
San Diego–Tijuana
United States
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • CaliforniaCscr-featured.svg (Greater Los Angeles • San Diego • San Diego–Tijuana, San Francisco Bay Area) • Colorado • ConnecticutCscr-featured.svg • Delaware • District of Columbia • FloridaCscr-featured.svg  (Jacksonville • Miami) • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • IllinoisCscr-featured.svg (ChicagoCscr-featured.svg) • IndianaCscr-featured.svg (IndianapolisCscr-featured.svg) • Iowa • KansasCscr-featured.svg • KentuckyCscr-featured.svg (LouisvilleCscr-featured.svg) • Louisiana (New Orleans) • Maine • Maryland • MassachusettsCscr-featured.svg • Michigan (Detroit) • MinnesotaCscr-featured.svg • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • NevadaCscr-featured.svg (Las Vegas) • New EnglandCscr-featured.svg • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New YorkCscr-featured.svg (New York CityCscr-featured.svg • Capital District • Finger LakesCscr-featured.svgHudson ValleyCscr-featured.svgSyracuse) • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio (Cleveland) • OklahomaCscr-featured.svg • OregonCscr-featured.svg • Pennsylvania (Erie • Lancaster • Philadelphia • Pittsburgh) • Puerto RicoCscr-featured.svg • Rhode IslandCscr-featured.svg • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • TexasCscr-featured.svg (Austin • Dallas • Houston) • UtahCscr-featured.svg • Vermont • Virginia • Washington (Seattle) • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
Oceania
AustraliaCscr-featured.svg
Australian Capital Territory • New South Wales (City of Bankstown • Sydney) • Northern Territory • Queensland (Brisbane) • South AustraliaCscr-featured.svg • Tasmania • Victoria (Melbourne) • Western Australia (Perth)
Kiribati • Micronesia • New ZealandCscr-featured.svg • Papua New Guinea • Tuvalu

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C Puzzle.png Categories   (see for all subject areas)

Main index: Geography
See also: Geography of present-day nations and states

Continents and major geopolitical regions (non-continents are italicized):

AfricaAntarcticaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaOceania (includes Australia) • South America

Political divisions of World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region:

Africa:
West Africa: LocationWesternAfrica.png
BeninBurkina FasoCape VerdeCôte d'IvoireGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneTogo
North Africa: LocationNorthernAfrica.png
AlgeriaEgyptLibyaMauritaniaMoroccoSudanTunisiaWestern Sahara
Central Africa: LocationCentralMiddleAfrica.png
AngolaBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadThe Democratic Republic of CongoEquatorial GuineaGabonRepublic of CongoRwandaSão Tomé and Príncipe
East Africa: LocationEasternAfrica.png
BurundiComorosDjiboutiEritreaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMauritiusMozambiqueRwandaSeychellesSomaliaTanzaniaUgandaZambiaZimbabwe
Southern Africa: LocationSouthernAfrica.png
BotswanaLesothoNamibiaSouth AfricaSwaziland
Dependencies:
British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)Mayotte (France)Réunion (France)St. Helena (UK)Canary Islands (Spain)Ceuta (Spain)Madeira (Portugal)Melilla (Spain)Socotra (Yemen)PuntlandSomalilandSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Antarctica:
Antarctica
Asia:
Central Asia:
Kazakhstan[1]KyrgyzstanTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan
East Asia:
China[2] Index of China-related articles (0–L) Index of China-related articles (M–Z)
Tibet
Hong Kong[3]Macau[4]
Japan
0-9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z
Korea:
0-9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z
North Korea
South Korea
MongoliaTaiwan[5]
North Asia:
Russia[6]
Southeast Asia:[7]
BruneiBurma (Myanmar)Cambodia[8]East Timor (Timor-Leste)[9]Indonesia[10]LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam
South Asia:
AfghanistanBangladeshBhutanIndia[11] (Andhra Pradesh) • IranMaldivesNepalPakistanSri Lanka
West Asia:
Armenia[12]Azerbaijan[13]BahrainCyprus[14] (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia[15]IraqIsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonOmanPalestine [16]QatarSaudi ArabiaSyriaTurkey[17]United Arab EmiratesYemen
Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them):
North Caucasus:
Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)
South Caucasus:
Georgia (including disputed Abhkazia, South Ossetia) • ArmeniaAzerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)
Europe:
Akrotiri and DhekeliaÅlandAlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFaroe IslandsFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGibraltarGreeceGuernseyHungaryIcelandIrelandIsle of ManItalyJerseyKazakhstanKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldova (including disputed Transnistria) • MonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSvalbardSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomVatican City
European Union
North America:
Canada
Canadian provinces
Alberta • British Columbia • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario • Quebec • Saskatchewan
Aboriginal Canadian
Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon
United States
U.S. administrative divisions
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
U.S. counties
African American
Asian American
Central America:
BelizeCosta RicaEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanama
Caribbean:
AnguillaAntigua and BarbudaArubaBahamasBarbadosBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsCubaDominicaDominican RepublicGrenadaHaitiJamaicaMontserratNetherlands AntillesPuerto RicoSaint BarthélemySaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and TobagoTurks and Caicos IslandsUnited States Virgin Islands
Oceania: (includes the continent of Australia):
Australasia:[18]
Australia
Dependencies/Territories of Australia:
Christmas Island[19]Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNorfolk Island
New Zealand[20]
Melanesia:[21]
FijiIndonesia (Oceanian part only)[22]New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea[23]Solomon IslandsVanuatu
Micronesia:
Federated States of MicronesiaGuam (USA) • KiribatiMarshall IslandsNauruNorthern Mariana Islands (USA) • PalauWake Island (USA)
Polynesia
American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • AdamstownSamoaTokelau (NZ) • TongaTuvaluWallis and Futuna (France)
South America:
ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFalkland IslandsGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela
South Atlantic:
Ascension IslandSaint HelenaTristan da Cunha
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  1. ^   Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  2. ^   The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).
  3. ^   Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.
  4. ^   Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.
  5. ^   Under the de facto control of Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.
  6. ^   Russia is a transcontinental country; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  7. ^ Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).
  8. ^ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3rd September, 2008
  9. ^   East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
  10. ^   Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania
  11. ^   Includes Jammu and Kashmir, a contested territory among India, Pakistan, and the PRC.
  12. ^   Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country: physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
  13. ^   Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
  14. ^   The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory: in the Eastern Basin of Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. However, the U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.
  15. ^   Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.
  16. ^   Gaza and West Bank, collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, are territories partially occupied by Israel but under de facto administration of Palestinian National Authority.
  17. ^   Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.
  18. ^ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."
  19. ^ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
  20. ^ New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.
  21. ^ Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
  22. ^ Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.
  23. ^ Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.